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Kuznetsova IS, Thevasagayam NM, Sridatta PSR, Komissarov AS, Saju JM, Ngoh SY, Jiang J, Shen X, Orbán L. Primary analysis of repeat elements of the Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) transcriptome and genome. Front Genet 2014; 5:223. [PMID: 25120555 PMCID: PMC4110674 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of our Asian seabass genome project, we are generating an inventory of repeat elements in the genome and transcriptome. The karyotype showed a diploid number of 2n = 24 chromosomes with a variable number of B-chromosomes. The transcriptome and genome of Asian seabass were searched for repetitive elements with experimental and bioinformatics tools. Six different types of repeats constituting 8–14% of the genome were characterized. Repetitive elements were clustered in the pericentromeric heterochromatin of all chromosomes, but some of them were preferentially accumulated in pretelomeric and pericentromeric regions of several chromosomes pairs and have chromosomes specific arrangement. From the dispersed class of fish-specific non-LTR retrotransposon elements Rex1 and MAUI-like repeats were analyzed. They were wide-spread both in the genome and transcriptome, accumulated on the pericentromeric and peritelomeric areas of all chromosomes. Every analyzed repeat was represented in the Asian seabass transcriptome, some showed differential expression between the gonads. The other group of repeats analyzed belongs to the rRNA multigene family. FISH signal for 5S rDNA was located on a single pair of chromosomes, whereas that for 18S rDNA was found on two pairs. A BAC-derived contig containing rDNA was sequenced and assembled into a scaffold containing incomplete fragments of 18S rDNA. Their assembly and chromosomal position revealed that this part of Asian seabass genome is extremely rich in repeats containing evolutionarily conserved and novel sequences. In summary, transcriptome assemblies and cDNA data are suitable for the identification of repetitive DNA from unknown genomes and for comparative investigation of conserved elements between teleosts and other vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna S Kuznetsova
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Strategic Research Program, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, The National University of Singapore Singapore, Republic of Singapore ; Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natascha M Thevasagayam
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Strategic Research Program, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, The National University of Singapore Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Prakki S R Sridatta
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Strategic Research Program, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, The National University of Singapore Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Aleksey S Komissarov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences St-Petersburg, Russia ; Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St Petersburg State University St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Jolly M Saju
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Strategic Research Program, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, The National University of Singapore Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Si Y Ngoh
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Strategic Research Program, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, The National University of Singapore Singapore, Republic of Singapore ; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Junhui Jiang
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Strategic Research Program, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, The National University of Singapore Singapore, Republic of Singapore ; Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xueyan Shen
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Strategic Research Program, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, The National University of Singapore Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - László Orbán
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Strategic Research Program, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, The National University of Singapore Singapore, Republic of Singapore ; Department of Animal Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia Keszthely, Hungary ; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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Torres-Machorro AL, Hernández R, Cevallos AM, López-Villaseñor I. Ribosomal RNA genes in eukaryotic microorganisms: witnesses of phylogeny? FEMS Microbiol Rev 2010; 34:59-86. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2009.00196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Rocco L, Russo C, Stingo V, Aprea G, Odierna G. Characterisation of 5S rDNA inGasterosteus aculeatus(Teleostei, Gasterosteidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/11250009909356266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
RNA polymerase III (pol III) transcribes many essential, small, noncoding RNAs, including the 5S rRNAs and tRNAs. While most pol III-transcribed genes are found scattered throughout the linear chromosome maps or in multiple linear clusters, there is increasing evidence that many of these genes prefer to be spatially clustered, often at or near the nucleolus. This association could create an environment that fosters the coregulation of transcription by pol III with transcription of the large ribosomal RNA repeats by RNA polymerase I (pol I) within the nucleolus. Given the high number of pol III-transcribed genes in all eukaryotic genomes, the spatial organization of these genes is likely to affect a large portion of the other genes in a genome. In this Survey and Summary we analyze the reports regarding the spatial organization of pol III genes and address the potential influence of this organization on transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David R. Engelke
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 734 763 0641; Fax:+1 734 763 7799;
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Abstract
The promoter region of the Acanthamoeba 5S rRNA gene was analysed by in vitro transcription of several 5' and 3' deletion and substitution mutants, as well as a series of linker scanning mutants. The promoter consists of three sequence regions contained entirely within the gene; two of these correspond to the A and C boxes that bind TFIIIA, found in the genes from other genera. In addition, a region immediately 3' to the transcription start site has a strong effect on initiation efficiency. No strict requirement was found for specific sequences 5' to the transcription start site. Substitution of a consensus TATA box at -29 had only a modest effect on transcription, and deletion or substitution of sequences between -15 and -10 as well as -34 and -21 was only modestly more active than the wild-type template. Analysis of 3' deletions sets the 3' end-point of the promoter between +79 and +97, and demonstrates the importance of a T-rich region in transcription termination. Taken together, these results suggest that promoter elements within the Acanthamoeba 5S RNA gene are somewhat redundant, with the exception of a sequence between +50 and +60, which functions in binding TFIIIA. Remarkably, polymerase chain reaction product templates containing only non-specific 5' ends between -6 and +1 relative to the transcription start site are fully functional, demonstrating that no external DNA scaffold is needed for TFIIIB and RNA polymerase III binding, and that productive initiation can be mediated solely by protein-DNA interactions within the coding region of the 5S gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Peng
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Markey Center for Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Chen L, Peng Z, Bateman E. In vivo interactions of the Acanthamoeba TBP gene promoter. Nucleic Acids Res 2004; 32:1251-60. [PMID: 14976219 PMCID: PMC390285 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkh297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription of the TATA box binding protein (TBP) gene in Acanthamoeba castellanii is regulated by TATA box binding protein promoter binding factor (TPBF), which binds to an upstream TBP promoter element to stimulate transcription, and to a TATA proximal element, where it represses transcription. In order to extend these observations to the in vivo chromatin context, the TBP gene was examined by in situ footprinting and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Acanthamoeba DNA is nucleosomal with a repeat of approximately 160 bp, and an intranucleosomal DNA periodicity of 10.5 bp. The TBP gene comprises a 220 bp micrococcal nuclease hypersensitive site corresponding to the promoter regulatory elements previously identified, flanked by protected regions of a size consistent with the presence of nucleosomes. ChIP data indicated that TPBF is associated with the TBP, TPBF and MIL gene promoters, but not to the CSP21, MIIHC, 5SrRNA or 39SrRNA promoters, or to the MIL gene C-terminal region. Binding by TPBF to the TPBF and MIL gene promoters was confirmed by in vitro assays. These results validate the in vitro model for TBP gene regulation and further suggest that TPBF may be autoregulated and may participate in the regulation of the MIL gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Markey Center for Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Polakowski N, Paule MR. Purification and characterization of transcription factor IIIA from Acanthamoeba castellanii. Nucleic Acids Res 2002; 30:1977-84. [PMID: 11972335 PMCID: PMC113847 DOI: 10.1093/nar/30.9.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TFIIIA is required to activate RNA polymerase III transcription from 5S RNA genes. Although all known TFIIIA homologs harbor nine zinc fingers that mediate DNA binding, very limited sequence homology is found among these proteins, which reflects unique properties of some TFIIIA homologs. For example, the Acanthamoeba castellanii homolog directly regulates 5S RNA transcription. We have purified and characterized A.castellanii TFIIIA (AcTFIIIA) as a step toward obtaining a clearer understanding of these differences and of the regulatory process. AcTFIIIA is 59 kDa, significantly larger than all other TFIIIA homologs isolated to date. Nevertheless, it exhibits a DNase I footprint very similar to those produced by the smaller vertebrate TFIIIA homologs, but distinct from the smaller footprint of the 51 kDa TFIIIA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Similar footprinting is not reflected in greater sequence similarity between the A.castellanii and vertebrate promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Polakowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Pavesi A, Percudani R, Conterio F. A novel algorithm for the search of 5S rRNA genes in DNA databases: comparison with other methods and identification of new potential 5S rRNA genes. DNA SEQUENCE : THE JOURNAL OF DNA SEQUENCING AND MAPPING 1997; 7:165-77. [PMID: 9254010 DOI: 10.3109/10425179709034032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We report here a new algorithm for the identification of 5S rRNA genes in DNA databases. Based on an improved version of the general weight matrix method, this search procedure relies on the recognition of three informative regions within 5S rRNA genes, and on the weighted evaluation of the distance between them. As an additional step, the algorithm extends the weight matrix analysis to the full-length 5S rRNA sequence. This combined strategy, which includes a fast, but poorly selective, preliminary search procedure and an auxiliary step, that is slow but highly selective, strongly reduces the number of false positive instances, yielding a total false positive rate of 0.00076%. On the other hand, 97.5% of the 1045 known 5S rRNA genes were correctly recognized by this algorithm, and 29 previously unidentified potential 5S rRNA sequences were uncovered. A detailed analysis of these candidate sequences, including prediction of 5S rRNA secondary structure and checking for the presence of transcriptional termination signals, showed that eight of them correspond to authentic 5S rRNA genes. The performance of this specialized algorithm for the detection of 5S rRNA genes was compared with that of the general hidden Markov model search procedure. Due to their utilization of different filtering rules, the two approaches proved to be highly complementary. Their combined use will thus provide a very effective tool for the detection of dispersed 5S rRNA genes, either active or inactive, in the vertebrate genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pavesi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Parma, Italy
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TATA box-binding protein (TBP) is a constituent of the polymerase I-specific transcription initiation factor TIF-IB (SL1) bound to the rRNA promoter and shows differential sensitivity to TBP-directed reagents in polymerase I, II, and III transcription factors. Mol Cell Biol 1994. [PMID: 8264628 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.14.1.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the Acanthamoeba castellanii TATA-binding protein (TBP) in transcription was examined. Specific antibodies against the nonconserved N-terminal domain of TBP were used to verify the presence of TBP in the fundamental transcription initiation factor for RNA polymerase I, TIF-IB, and to demonstrate that TBP is part of the committed initiation complex on the rRNA promoter. The same antibodies inhibit transcription in all three polymerase systems, but they do so differentially. Oligonucleotide competitors were used to evaluate the accessibility of the TATA-binding site in TIF-IB, TFIID, and TFIIIB. The results suggest that insertion of TBP into the polymerase II and III factors is more similar than insertion into the polymerase I factor.
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Radebaugh CA, Matthews JL, Geiss GK, Liu F, Wong JM, Bateman E, Camier S, Sentenac A, Paule MR. TATA box-binding protein (TBP) is a constituent of the polymerase I-specific transcription initiation factor TIF-IB (SL1) bound to the rRNA promoter and shows differential sensitivity to TBP-directed reagents in polymerase I, II, and III transcription factors. Mol Cell Biol 1994; 14:597-605. [PMID: 8264628 PMCID: PMC358409 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.14.1.597-605.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the Acanthamoeba castellanii TATA-binding protein (TBP) in transcription was examined. Specific antibodies against the nonconserved N-terminal domain of TBP were used to verify the presence of TBP in the fundamental transcription initiation factor for RNA polymerase I, TIF-IB, and to demonstrate that TBP is part of the committed initiation complex on the rRNA promoter. The same antibodies inhibit transcription in all three polymerase systems, but they do so differentially. Oligonucleotide competitors were used to evaluate the accessibility of the TATA-binding site in TIF-IB, TFIID, and TFIIIB. The results suggest that insertion of TBP into the polymerase II and III factors is more similar than insertion into the polymerase I factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Radebaugh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523
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An exonuclease requiring an intact helical stem for specificity produces the 3' end of Acanthamoeba castellanii 5 S RNA. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)35807-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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