Dye-affinity purification of transthyretin from an unexploited by-product of human plasma chromatographic fractionation

Efficient elution of functional proteins in affinity chromatography

Many elution buffers are in use for the retrieval of proteins from affinity columns. While the aim of these buffers is to dissociate the various chemical bonds that make up protein-protein interactions and return the target protein to the mobile phase in active form, there is considerable difference of opinion as to which buffer is more suitable for particular applications. This review examines the chemical effect of various elution buffers on protein-protein interactions in the context of affinity chromatography and examines strategies that may be used for selection of an appropriate buffer.

Purification of transthyretin by high performance affinity chromatography from human plasma

The partial purification of human transthyretin (TTR) by high performance affinity chromatography with the help of other separation techniques is described in the present paper. A new affinity medium was prepared with a monosized (ca. 10 microns particle size) macroporous resin as the support and thyroxine (T4) as the ligand. The purification of TTR was carried out in a few simple steps involving serum precipitation, anion exchange, Thyroxine affinity chromatography and gel filtration. The overall yield was 29% and the refined TTR contained less than 2% impurities as analyzed by RP-HPLC. When TTR was administrated to the culture medium DMEM of liver tumor strain SMMC-7721, a true inhibition of cell growth (ca. 50%) was observed as an actual decrease in cell number over time.

Dye-affinity techniques for bioprocessing: recent developments

Textile or triazine dyes play an important role as affinity ligands in protein purification. Each step of the protein purification protocol can be divided into three stages, partitioning between two phases, separation of these phases and recovery of the target protein from the enriched phase. Now developments in dye-affinity techniques are discussed emphasizing the innovations in all three stages of the protein purification process. Dye-affinity chromatography has become a routine step in protein purification. New dyes have been developed and used successfully in both traditional chromatographic mode and new modes like affinity precipitation, polymer aqueous two-phase partitioning or expanded bed chromatography. The specificity of dye techniques has been increased by both purposeful designing of new dyes and decreasing non-specific protein-dye interactions with polymer shielding. One can envisage further development and ramification of dye-affinity techniques in protein purification.

Chromatography of human immunoglobulin G on immobilized drimarene rubine R/K-5BL. Study of mild, efficient elution procedures

A range of substances were screened to find eluents for human immunoglobulin G (IgG) which are retained with a strong affinity by immobilized Drimarene Rubine R/K-5BL. The strong affinity of IgG for the dye is partly due to the presence of copper in the dye. This was suggested by the effect of substances able to make coordination bonds with metals that elute the IgG and also the effect of metal stripping from the immobilized dye. Several mobile phase conditions were found that allowed desorption of retained IgG on immobilized Drimarene Rubine R/K-5BL without using a protein denaturant. A procedure was also devised for separating IgG2 from other IgG subclasses using chromatography on immobilized Rubine R/K-5BL and column development with an AMP gradient.

Purification of biologically active human plasma transthyretin by dye-affinity chromatography: studies on dye leakage and possibility of heat treatment for virus inactivation

The application of a purification procedure for the industrial preparation from human plasma of a therapeutic protein may be hindered by several safety concerns. The dye leaching from Remazol Yellow GGL-Sepharose used for the affinity chromatography of human plasma transthyretin was quantitatively studied by a sensitive competitive enzyme immunoassay. The possibility of including a heat treatment step for virus inactivation in the purification process while preserving the biochemical and functional characteristics of the protein is also reported.