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Samokhin AS, Revelsky IA, Chepelyansky DA, Parenago OO, Pokrovsky OI, Lepeshkin FD, Ustinovich KB, Revelsky AI. Supercritical fluid chromatography and its application to analysis and preparation of high-purity compounds. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793111080100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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2
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Karabacak M, Cinar M, Kurt M. Molecular structure and vibrational assignments of hippuric acid: a detailed density functional theoretical study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 74:1197-1203. [PMID: 19854673 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 08/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the structural properties of hippuric acid (C(9)H(9)NO(3), HA) were studied using density functional theory (DFT) employing B3LYP exchange correlation. The geometry of the molecule was fully optimized at B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory. There are four conformers, C1, C2, C3, and C4 for this molecule. The geometrical parameters and energies have been obtained for all four conformers from DFT. The computational results diagnose the most stable conformer of HA as the C1 form. The vibrational frequencies were calculated and fundamental vibrations were assigned based on the scaled theoretical wavenumbers. The complete assignments were performed on the basis of the total energy distribution (TED) of the vibrational modes, calculated with scaled quantum mechanics (SQM) method. (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated by using the gauge-invariant atomic orbital (GIAO) method. A study on the electronic properties, such as HOMO and LUMO energies, were performed by time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) approach, while taking solvent effects into account. Finally, geometric parameters, vibrational bands, chemical shifts and absorption wavelengths were compared with available experimental data of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Karabacak
- Department of Physics, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03040 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
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Abbott E, Veenstra TD, Issaq HJ. Clinical and pharmaceutical applications of packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1223-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Sperlingová I, Dabrowská L, Stránský V, Tichý M. A rapid HPLC method for the determination of carboxylic acids in human urine using a monolithic column. Anal Bioanal Chem 2003; 378:536-43. [PMID: 14598013 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-2289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2003] [Revised: 09/04/2003] [Accepted: 09/11/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A rapid HPLC method for the determination of carboxylic acids in urine samples using a Chromolith Performance RP/18e 100/4.6 with Chromolith Guard Cartridge RP/18e 10/4.6 (Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany) was developed. The method facilitates the simultaneous determination of aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites mandelic acid (MA) and phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) from styrene and ethylbenzene, hippuric acid (HA) from toluene and 2-, 3-, 4-methylhippuric acids (MHA) from xylene. 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (3-HBA) was used as internal standard. A chromatographic run is completed within less than 5 min for styrene, ethylbenzene and toluene metabolites, and within 10 min for xylene metabolites. The detection limits are 9 mg L(-1) urine for MA, 1.25 mg L(-1) urine for PGA, 4.9 mg L(-1) urine for HA, 22 mg L(-1) urine for 2-MHA, and 18.5 mg L(-1) urine for 3-MHA. No significant differences of the MA, PGA and HA concentrations in human urine samples obtained by HPLC chromatography on LiChrosorb RP 18 and on Chromolith RP/18e columns were found. The results were evaluated by using ANOVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sperlingová
- National Institute of Public Health, Srobárova 48, CS-100 42, 10 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Zuppi C, Rossetti DV, Vitali A, Vincenzoni F, Giardina B, Castagnola M, Messana I. Determination of urinary hippuric acid by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 793:223-8. [PMID: 12906897 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We propose a method for the simultaneous determination of hippuric acid (HA) and creatinine based on capillary micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Experimental conditions were 20 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.20, 25 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate, 5% (v/v) acetonitrile. Electropherograms evidenced HA and creatinine peaks in less than 12 min. The method showed good linearity for both analytes and satisfactory within-day precision. The present method, which is accurate, sensitive, rapid and simple, may be applied to single-spot urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Zuppi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Wang CY, Huang CT, Hsieh YZ. Determination of metabolites of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene by β-cyclodextrin modified capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200390017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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Laffon B, Lema M, Méndez J. Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of urinary mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids as indirect evaluation of styrene exposure. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 753:385-93. [PMID: 11334354 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Styrene is rapidly metabolised to mandelic acid (MA) and phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA), which are excreted in urine. In this work, we have developed a simple, sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic method with minor sample preparation procedures for the simultaneous determination of MA and PGA in urine of workers exposed to styrene. Moreover, urine samples from workers of two plastic factories were analysed, styrene exposure levels of the workers were estimated and data obtained from the two factories were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Laffon
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Spain
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Fujii T, Kawabe S, Horike T, Taguchi T, Ogata M. Simultaneous determination of the urinary metabolites of toluene, xylene and styrene using high-performance capillary electrophoresis. Comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1999; 730:41-7. [PMID: 10437670 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid method using high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) for the simultaneous determination of the urinary metabolites of toluene, xylene and styrene, plus creatinine and uric acid in human urine specimens and standard solutions is described. The compounds were well separated from each other on a fused-silica capillary utilizing a 20 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 9.65) with 15 mM beta-cyclodextrin and UV detection at 200 and 225 nm. The total analysis time was less than 6 min per sample. The capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method shows a good correlation with the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with respect to urinary hippuric acid concentrations in the urine specimens of subjects exposed to the vapors of a solvent mixture of toluene and xylene. In comparing these two techniques, HPCE was found to be superior to HPLC because the analysis time is shorter, and the separation of m-MHA and p-MHA takes a long time with HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fujii
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Medical Professions, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Japan.
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Paquette DM, Sing R, Banks PR, Waldron KC. Capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced native fluorescence detection for profiling body fluids. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1998; 714:47-57. [PMID: 9746234 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Laser-induced native fluorescence detection with a KrF excimer laser (lambda=248 nm) was used to investigate the capillary electrophoretic (CE) profiles of human urine, saliva and serum without the need for sample derivatization. All separations were carried out in sodium phosphate and/or sodium tetraborate buffers at alkaline pH in a 50-microm I.D. capillary. Sodium dodecyl sulfate was added to the buffer for micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) analysis of human urine. Although inherently a pulsed source, the KrF excimer laser was operated at a high pulse repetition rate of 553, 1001 or 2009 Hz to simulate a continuous wave excitation source. Detection limits were found to vary with pulse rate, as expected, in proportion to average excitation power. The following detection limits (3sigma) were determined in free solution CE: tryptophan, 4 nM; conalbumin, 10 nM; alpha-lactalbumin, 30 nM. Detection limits for indole-based compounds and catecholamine urinary metabolites under MEKC separation conditions were in the range 7-170 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Paquette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Tagliaro F, Turrina S, Pisi P, Smith FP, Marigo M. Determination of illicit and/or abused drugs and compounds of forensic interest in biosamples by capillary electrophoretic/electrokinetic methods. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1998; 713:27-49. [PMID: 9700551 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods in forensic toxicology for the determination of illicit and/or misused drugs in biological samples is reviewed in the present paper. Sample pretreatments and direct injection modes used in CE for analysis of drugs in biological fluids are briefly described. Besides, applications of separation methods based on capillary zone electrophoresis or micellar electrokinetic chromatography with UV absorbance detection to (i) analysis of drugs of abuse, (ii) analysis of other drugs and toxicants of potential forensic interest and (iii) for metabolism studies are reviewed. Also, alternative CE methods are briefly discussed, including capillary isotachophoresis and separation on mixed polymer networks. High sensitivity detection methods used for forensic drug analysis in biological samples are then presented, particularly those based on laser induced fluorescence. A glimpse of the first examples of application of CE-mass spectrometry in forensic toxicology is finally given.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tagliaro
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Verona, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- T. L. Chester
- Miami Valley Laboratories, The Procter & Gamble Company, P.O. Box 538707, Cincinnati, Ohio 45253-8707
| | - J. D. Pinkston
- Miami Valley Laboratories, The Procter & Gamble Company, P.O. Box 538707, Cincinnati, Ohio 45253-8707
| | - D. E. Raynie
- Miami Valley Laboratories, The Procter & Gamble Company, P.O. Box 538707, Cincinnati, Ohio 45253-8707
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