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Nakaya Y, Furukawa S. Catalysis of Alloys: Classification, Principles, and Design for a Variety of Materials and Reactions. Chem Rev 2022; 123:5859-5947. [PMID: 36170063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alloying has long been used as a promising methodology to improve the catalytic performance of metallic materials. In recent years, the field of alloy catalysis has made remarkable progress with the emergence of a variety of novel alloy materials and their functions. Therefore, a comprehensive disciplinary framework for catalytic chemistry of alloys that provides a cross-sectional understanding of the broad research field is in high demand. In this review, we provide a comprehensive classification of various alloy materials based on metallurgy, thermodynamics, and inorganic chemistry and summarize the roles of alloying in catalysis and its principles with a brief introduction of the historical background of this research field. Furthermore, we explain how each type of alloy can be used as a catalyst material and how to design a functional catalyst for the target reaction by introducing representative case studies. This review includes two approaches, namely, from materials and reactions, to provide a better understanding of the catalytic chemistry of alloys. Our review offers a perspective on this research field and can be used encyclopedically according to the readers' individual interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakaya
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Shinya Furukawa
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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Shan L, Wang X, Wang Y. Extension of Solid Solubility and Structural Evolution in Nano-Structured Cu-Cr Solid Solution Induced by High-Energy Milling. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13235532. [PMID: 33291613 PMCID: PMC7731348 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Cu-Cr alloys, the strengthening effects of Cr are severely limited due to the relatively low Cr solid solubility in Cu matrix. In addition, apart from the dissolved Cr, it should be noted that high proportion of Cr in Cu matrix work as the second phase dispersion strengthening. Therefore, it is of great significance to extend the Cr solid solubility and decrease the size of the undissolved Cr phase to nano-structure. In this work, the nano-sized Cu-5 wt.% Cr solid solution was achieved through high energy ball milling (HEBM) only for 12 h. The Cr solubility of ~1.15 at.% was quantitatively calculated based on XRD patterns, which means supersaturated solid solution was realized. Except for the dissolved Cr, the undissolved Cr phase was with nano-sized work as the second phase. Upon milling of the Cu-Cr powders with coarse grains, the crystallite sizes and grain sizes are found to decrease with the milling time, and remain almost unchanged at a steady-state with continued milling. In addition, it was found that the stored energy induced by dislocation density increment and grain size refinement would be high enough to overcome the thermodynamic barrier for the formation of solid solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Shan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - Xueliang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - Yaping Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Correspondence:
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Farkaš B, Perry CB, Jones G, de Leeuw NH. Adsorbate-Induced Segregation of Cobalt from PtCo Nanoparticles: Modeling Au Doping and Core AuCo Alloying for the Improvement of Fuel Cell Cathode Catalysts. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:18321-18334. [PMID: 32905400 PMCID: PMC7469135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c04460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Platinum, when used as a cathode material for the oxygen reduction reaction, suffers from high overpotential and possible dissolution, in addition to the scarcity of the metal and resulting cost. Although the introduction of cobalt has been reported to improve reaction kinetics and decrease the precious metal loading, surface segregation or complete leakage of Co atoms causes degradation of the membrane electrode assembly, and either of these scenarios of structural rearrangement eventually decreases catalytic power. Ternary PtCo alloys with noble metals could possibly maintain activity with a higher dissolution potential. First-principles-based theoretical methods are utilized to identify the critical factors affecting segregation in Pt-Co binary and Pt-Co-Au ternary nanoparticles in the presence of oxidizing species. With a decreasing share of Pt, surface segregation of Co atoms was already found to become thermodynamically viable in the PtCo systems at low oxygen concentrations, which is assigned to high charge transfer between species. While the introduction of gold as a dopant caused structural changes that favor segregation of Co, creation of CoAu alloy core is calculated to significantly suppress Co leakage through modification of the electronic properties. The theoretical framework of geometrically different ternary systems provides a new route for the rational design of oxygen reduction catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Farkaš
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Christopher B. Perry
- Johnson
Matthey Research Centre, CSIR, Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria 0184, South Africa
| | - Glenn Jones
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Center, Blount’s Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Nora H. de Leeuw
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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Dasgupta A, Zimmerer EK, Meyer RJ, Rioux RM. Generalized approach for the synthesis of silica supported Pd-Zn, Cu-Zn and Ni-Zn gamma brass phase nanoparticles. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sorokina LI, Lebedev EA, Trifonov AY, Gromov DG. Investigation of compound formation sequence in Al/Ni/…/Al/Ni multilayer system under conditions of an excessive amount of one component and its prediction using the analogy with gas system behavior. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01267. [PMID: 30891513 PMCID: PMC6395790 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction processes in Al/Ni/.../Al/Ni multilayer systems with an excess of one of the components are studied by of DSC, XRD and TEM methods. It is shown that the compounds formation sequence differs depending on which component is excessive. There is proposed a rule for compounds formation sequence in systems with an excess of one of the initial phases. It is based on the assumption that behaviour of two contacting solid phases system is analogical to that of a gas system: energy density change in a solid-state system is analogical to pressure change in gas system. The prediction is built on the calculation of parameter ΔH0/νV, where ΔH0 and νV are enthalpy change and volume of new phase forming as a result of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa I Sorokina
- National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET), Moscow, Zelenograd, Russia
| | - Egor A Lebedev
- National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET), Moscow, Zelenograd, Russia
| | - Alexey Yu Trifonov
- Scientific Research Institute of Physical Problems named after F.V. Lukin, Zelenograd, Russia
| | - Dmitry G Gromov
- National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET), Moscow, Zelenograd, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Lv D, Lu J, Ran G, Zhou W, Wang M, Feng Q, Wu Y, Li N, Shen Q. Ball milling and sintering of neutron absorber Mo-based Tb 2 O 3 -Dy 2 O 3 composite and its characterization. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Liu YH, Yan YD, Zhang ML, Liang Y, Qu JM, Peng-Li, Ji DB, Xue Y, Jing XY, Han W. Electrochemical Synthesis of Sm-Co Metal Magnetic Materials by Co-reduction of Sm(III) and Co(II) in LiCl-KCl-SmCl 3 -CoCl 2 Melt. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Furukawa S, Komatsu T. Intermetallic Compounds: Promising Inorganic Materials for Well-Structured and Electronically Modified Reaction Environments for Efficient Catalysis. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-E1-10, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 152-8550
| | - Takayuki Komatsu
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-E1-10, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 152-8550
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Luo Y, Ran G, Chen N, Shen Q, Zhang Y. Microstructural Evolution, Thermodynamics, and Kinetics of Mo-Tm₂O₃ Powder Mixtures during Ball Milling. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9100834. [PMID: 28773955 PMCID: PMC5456621 DOI: 10.3390/ma9100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The microstructural evolution, thermodynamics, and kinetics of Mo (21 wt %) Tm2O3 powder mixtures during ball milling were investigated using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Ball milling induced Tm2O3 to be decomposed and then dissolved into Mo crystal. After 96 h of ball milling, Tm2O3 was dissolved completely and the supersaturated nanocrystalline solid solution of Mo (Tm, O) was obtained. The Mo lattice parameter increased with increasing ball-milling time, opposite for the Mo grain size. The size and lattice parameter of Mo grains was about 8 nm and 0.31564 nm after 96 h of ball milling, respectively. Ball milling induced the elements of Mo, Tm, and O to be distributed uniformly in the ball-milled particles. Based on the semi-experimental theory of Miedema, a thermodynamic model was developed to calculate the driving force of phase evolution. There was no chemical driving force to form a crystal solid solution of Tm atoms in Mo crystal or an amorphous phase because the Gibbs free energy for both processes was higher than zero. For Mo (21 wt %) Tm2O3, it was mechanical work, not the negative heat of mixing, which provided the driving force to form a supersaturated nanocrystalline Mo (Tm, O) solid solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Luo
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Guang Ran
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Nanjun Chen
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Qiang Shen
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Yaoli Zhang
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Goncharov OY, Olyanina NV, Bel’tyukov AL, Lad’yanov VI. Effects of temperature and gas phase impurities on the composition of Co-B alloy surface layers. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024415050143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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GUNJI T, TANABE T, SARAVANAN G, KANEKO S, YOSHIKAWA H, MATSUSHITA Y, SEKIDO N, XU Y, UEDA S, ABE H, MATSUMOTO F. Enhanced Activity for Oxygen Reduction Reactions by Carbon-supported High-index-facet Pt-Ti Nanoparticles. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.83.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takao GUNJI
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University
| | | | - Govindachetty SARAVANAN
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Environmental Material Division
| | - Shingo KANEKO
- Research Institute for Engineering, Kanagawa University
| | | | | | | | - Ya XU
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
| | | | - Hideki ABE
- TU-NIMS Joint Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
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Yakymovych A, Fürtauer S, Flandorfer H, Ipser H. Enthalpies of mixing of liquid ternary Co-Li-Sn alloys. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2014; 145:1697-1706. [PMID: 26166890 PMCID: PMC4495026 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The partial and integral molar enthalpies of mixing of liquid Co-Li-Sn alloys were determined using drop calorimetry. The investigations were performed along six sections by the addition of lithium to mixtures with the compositions [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] ≈ 2:98, [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] ≈ 1:9, and [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] ≈ 3:17 as well as by the addition of cobalt to mixtures with the compositions [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] ≈ 3:17, [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] ≈ 1:2, and [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] ≈ 1:1 at a temperature of 1,173 K. The Co-Li-Sn system shows exothermic behavior of the integral molar enthalpy of mixing in the investigated concentration range. The integral molar enthalpy of mixing of liquid Co-Li system was calculated by Miedema's model to fit our measured ternary data using an extended Redlich-Kister-Muggianu model for substitutional solutions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Yakymovych
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry (Materials Chemistry), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Fürtauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry (Materials Chemistry), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Flandorfer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry (Materials Chemistry), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Ipser
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry (Materials Chemistry), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Yakymovych A, Fürtauer S, Elmahfoudi A, Ipser H, Flandorfer H. Enthalpy of mixing of liquid Co-Sn alloys. THE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS 2014; 74:269-285. [PMID: 24994940 PMCID: PMC4047614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jct.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A literature overview of enthalpy of mixing data for liquid Co-Sn alloys shows large scattering but no clear temperature dependence. Therefore drop calorimetry was performed in the Co-Sn system at twelve different temperatures in 100 K steps in the temperature range (673 to 1773) K. The integral enthalpy of mixing was determined starting from 1173 K and fitted to a standard Redlich-Kister polynomial. In addition, the limiting partial molar enthalpy of Co in Sn was investigated by small additions of Co to liquid Sn at temperatures (673 to 1773) K. The integral and partial molar enthalpies of the Co-Sn system generally show an exothermic mixing behavior. Significant temperature dependence was detected for the enthalpies of mixing. The minimum integral enthalpy values vary with rising temperature from approx. -7820 J/mol at T = 1173 K to -1350 J/mol at T = 1773 K; the position of the minimum is between (59 and 61) at.% Co. The results are discussed and compared with literature data available for this system. X-ray studies and scanning electron microscopy of selected alloys obtained from the calorimetric measurements were carried out in order to check the completeness of the solution process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Yakymovych
- University of Vienna, Department of Inorganic Chemistry (Materials Chemistry), Währinger Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - S. Fürtauer
- University of Vienna, Department of Inorganic Chemistry (Materials Chemistry), Währinger Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - A. Elmahfoudi
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Générale, Av. Ibn Batouta, B.P. 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - H. Ipser
- University of Vienna, Department of Inorganic Chemistry (Materials Chemistry), Währinger Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - H. Flandorfer
- University of Vienna, Department of Inorganic Chemistry (Materials Chemistry), Währinger Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Schlesinger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology , 1400 North Bishop Avenue, Rolla, Missouri 65409-0340, United States
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Dubau L, Durst J, Maillard F, Guétaz L, Chatenet M, André J, Rossinot E. Further insights into the durability of Pt3Co/C electrocatalysts: Formation of “hollow” Pt nanoparticles induced by the Kirkendall effect. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Maret M, Liscio F, Makarov D, Simon JP, Gauthier Y, Albrecht M. Morphology of epitaxial magnetic alloy nanostructures grown on WSe2(0001) studied by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering. J Appl Crystallogr 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s002188981104115x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology of epitaxial alloy nanostructures grown on a van der Waals-type WSe2(0001) surface was studied using grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). Assemblies of 111-oriented islands of (Co,Cr)Pt3and (Co,Fe)Pt alloys were grown at different deposition temperatures, with nominal thicknesses from 0.1 to 3 nm, resulting in various island densities. Evaluation of the GISAXS patterns indicates that for similar growth conditions CrPt3islands are flatter than CoPt or FePt islands and exhibit larger island volumes. These features are correlated with the better wetting behaviour and more negative formation enthalpy of the CrPt3alloy. For dense arrays of self-assembled CoPt islands, much smaller island volumes are extracted from GISAXS experiments than are observed by scanning tunnelling microscope imaging, which indicates that only the upper parts of the islands contribute to the GISAXS signal. Another aspect that needs to be taken into account for interpreting GISAXS patterns is the sensitivity of GISAXS to facetting and thus its capacity to extract the island shape. The latter is strongly dependent on the island size. For islands with an average volume smaller than ∼20 nm3, the shape cannot be determined unequivocally. Furthermore, for dense island assemblies with some size dispersity, the identification of steep side-wall facets from the GISAXS patterns is not straightforward as observed for truncated tetrahedron-shaped CoPt3islands.
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Zhang ZJ, Jin O, Liu BX. Anomalous alloying behavior induced by ion irradiation in a system with a large positive heat of mixing. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:8076-8085. [PMID: 9977416 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.8076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Liu BX, Zhang ZJ. Formation of nonequilibrium solid phases by ion irradiation in the Ni-Ta system and their thermodynamic and growth-kinetics interpretations. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:12519-12527. [PMID: 10010152 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Alonso JA, Gallego LJ, Somoza JA. Construction of free-energy diagrams of amorphous alloys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02453312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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