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Gholizadeh S, Wang Z, Chen X, Dana R, Annabi N. Advanced nanodelivery platforms for topical ophthalmic drug delivery. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1437-1449. [PMID: 33689858 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conventional eye drops have several limitations, including the need for multiple applications per dose, hourly based dosage regiments, and suboptimal ocular bioavailability (<5%). The efficacy of topical ophthalmic medications can be significantly improved by controlling their contact time with the adherent mucin layer and by inducing sustained release properties, thus allowing for a prolonged contact time of the drug with the ocular tissues, which eventually will lead to improved drug bioavailability and a significant decrease in the frequency of eyedrop instillation. In this review, we critically highlight recent and innovative nanodrug delivery platforms, with a primary focus on the integration of nanotechnology, biomaterials, and polymer chemistry to facilitate precise spatial and temporal control over sustained drug release to the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Gholizadeh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ziqing Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Gericke M, Schulze P, Heinze T. Nanoparticles Based on Hydrophobic Polysaccharide Derivatives-Formation Principles, Characterization Techniques, and Biomedical Applications. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e1900415. [PMID: 32090505 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide (PS) nanoparticles (NP) are fascinating materials that combine huge application potential with the unique beneficial features of natural biopolymers. Different types of PS-NP can be distinguished depending on the basic preparation principles (top-down vs bottom-up vs coating of nanomaterials) and the material from which they are obtained (native PS vs chemically modified PS derivatives vs nanocomposites). This review provides a comprehensive overview of an approach towards PS-NP that has gained rapidly increasing interest within the last decade; the nanoself-assembling of hydrophobic PS derivatives. This facile process is easy to perform and offers a broad structural diversity in terms of the PS backbone and the additional functionalities that can be introduced. Fundamental principles of different NP preparation techniques along with useful characterization methods are presented in this work. A comprehensive summary of PS-NP prepared by different techniques and with various PS backbones and types/amounts of hydrophobic substituents is given. The intention is to demonstrate how different parameters determine the size, size distribution, and zeta-potential of the particles. Moreover, application trends in biomedical areas are highlighted in which tailored functional PS-NP are evaluated and constantly developed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gericke
- Centre of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Schulze
- Centre of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Centre of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, D-07743, Jena, Germany
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Göttel B, de Souza E Silva JM, Santos de Oliveira C, Syrowatka F, Fiorentzis M, Viestenz A, Viestenz A, Mäder K. Electrospun nanofibers - A promising solid in-situ gelling alternative for ocular drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 146:125-132. [PMID: 31816391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A serious problem of the treatment of eye diseases is the very short residence time of the drug. The majority of the drug is cleared within few seconds due to the poor capability of the eye to accommodate additional liquids. We developed a new ocular drug delivery system, which is applied in dry form and forms immediately a gel after administration. The system is based on gellan gum/pullulan electrospun nanofibers. The rheological behavior of the spinning solution was investigated followed by further characterization of the in situ formed gel. Three-dimensional X-ray imaging with nanometric resolution (nano-CT) and electron scanning microscopy were used for a detailed characterization of the diameter and alignment of the fibers. A high porosity (87.5 ± 0.5%) and pore interconnectivity (99%) was found. To ensure a good fit to the eye anatomy, the prepared fibers were shaped into curved geometries. Additionally, a new innovative moistening chamber for the in vitro determination of the ocular residence time in porcine eyes was developed which mimics the tear turnover. A clear prolongation of the fluorescein residence time compared to conventional eye drops was achieved with the application of the curved nanofiber in situ gelling mat. In summary, the developed in situ gelling system with adapted geometry is a promising alternative system for ocular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Göttel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Cristine Santos de Oliveira
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Frank Syrowatka
- The Interdisciplinary Center of Materials Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Miltiadis Fiorentzis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, University Medicine Halle, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anja Viestenz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, University Medicine Halle, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Arne Viestenz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, University Medicine Halle, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Glaucoma therapy by extended release of timolol from nanoparticle loaded silicone-hydrogel contact lenses. J Control Release 2013; 165:82-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Jung HJ, Chauhan A. Temperature sensitive contact lenses for triggered ophthalmic drug delivery. Biomaterials 2012; 33:2289-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Thrimawithana T, Rupenthal I, Young S, Alany R. Environment-sensitive polymers for ophthalmic drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(12)50015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
1. Despite the accessibility of the front of the eye, efficient delivery of drug to treat various ocular disorders is a challenge to the formulation scientist. The majority of ophthalmic medications are formulated as eye drops. Due to anatomical constraints, the volume that can be administered is limited to approximately 30 microL. This, together with the efficient clearance system that exists in the front of the eye, makes it difficult to maintain an effective pre-ocular drug concentration for a desired length of time. Various formulation strategies have been used to increase pre-ocular retention of eye drops. The most successful of these has been the inclusion of viscosity enhancing polymers, particularly those able to interact with the mucous layer on the eye surface or those that can undergo a transition from a solution to a gel under the conditions of the pre-ocular area. 2. When the target site is intra-ocular, drug must be absorbed from the pre-ocular region into the eye. The main route for absorption is across the cornea. However, absorption of drug across the cornea is inefficient due to its impermeable nature and small surface area. Thus, the intra-ocular bioavailability of topically administered medications is typically less than 10%. 3. Corneal permeability favours moderately lipophilic compounds. These compounds often have a low aqueous solubility. Problems in ocular drug delivery and formulation are compounded for poorly soluble drugs that must be formulated as suspensions. 4. Reformulation of ophthalmic suspensions as solutions has many advantages. This may be achieved by complexation using cyclodextrins. Solubilization using cyclodextrins can overcome many of the formulation problems. However, it is unclear as to their potential for improving ocular bioavailability, which is seemingly drug dependent and may be influenced by both the physicochemical properties of the drug and the complex formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Davies
- Formulation and Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Baeyens V, Gurny R. Chemical and physical parameters of tears relevant for the design of ocular drug delivery formulations. PHARMACEUTICA ACTA HELVETIAE 1997; 72:191-202. [PMID: 9372641 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-6865(97)00021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a summary of the most important chemical and physical parameters of tears that can help the formulator in the development of new ocular formulations and in the conception of innovative ophthalmic delivery approaches. For each physiological parameter, the relevance in ocular drug delivery is discussed in detail and the analytical tools that are used for the determination of these parameters are described and summarized. The aim of this review is also to give a description of the main analytical techniques available in ophthalmology that can be used for pharmacokinetic studies of active compounds. The importance of tear sampling techniques used in the determination of the parameters is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Baeyens
- School of Pharmacy, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Sasaki H, Yamamura K, Nishida K, Nakamura J, Ichikawa M. Delivery of drugs to the eye by topical application. Prog Retin Eye Res 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/1350-9462(96)00014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ibrahim H, Bindschaedler C, Doelker E, Buri P, Gurny R. Aqueous nanodispersions prepared by a salting-out process. Int J Pharm 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(92)90248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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