The adolescent with cancer. Introduction

The relationships among uncertainty, social support, and psychological distress in adolescents recently diagnosed with cancer

Uncertainty in illness about diagnosis, symptoms, prognosis, treatments, and relationships with health professionals is a major psychosocial stressor for adolescents recently diagnosed with cancer. In this study, the theoretical linkages of the uncertainty in illness theory of perceived social support, uncertainty, and psychological distress were tested. Respondents consisted of 60 adolescents between the ages of 14 and 22 years who were recently diagnosed with cancer. Data were generated by three questionnaires and analyzed using Pearson product moment coefficients and multiple regressional analyses. Hypotheses tested were that among adolescents with cancer (1) there will be an inverse relationship between perceived social support and uncertainty; (2) there will be a positive relationship between uncertainty and psychological distress; (3) there will be an inverse relationship between perceived social support and psychological distress; and (4) there will be an inverse relationship between perceived social support and psychological distress when controlling for uncertainty. Findings were as follows: the first three hypotheses were supported; there was no relationship between perceived social support and psychological distress when controlling for uncertainty. An interaction effect of perceived social support and uncertainty explained 39% of the variance in psychological distress.

Psychological distress in adolescents with cancer

A exploratory descriptive study was conducted to investigate psychological distress among middle and late adolescents recently diagnosed with cancer. Respondents consisted of 40 males and 20 females who were diagnosed with a malignancy within the past 100 days and received outpatient treatment. No gender difference was noted among adolescents, and adolescents did not score significantly different on the Brief Symptom Inventory from a healthy adolescent population. Among the various disease groups, adolescents with leukemia experienced the greatest psychological distress.