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Schulz A, Römpler H, Mitschke D, Thor D, Schliebe N, Hermsdorf T, Strotmann R, Sangkuhl K, Schöneberg T. Molecular basis and clinical features of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2006; 1:727-741. [PMID: 30754158 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.1.6.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of water and electrolyte homeostasis is central to mammalian survival and, therefore, under stringent hormonal control. Water homeostasis is achieved by balancing fluid intake with water excretion, governed by the antidiuretic action of arginine vasopressin. Arginine vasopressin stimulation of renal V2 vasopressin receptors in the basolateral membrane of principal cells induces aquaporin-2-mediated water reabsorption in the kidney. The importance of this system is apparent when mutations inactivate V2 vasopressin receptors and aquaporin-2 and cause the clinical phenotype of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. To date, over 190 mutations in the V2 vasopressin receptors gene (AVPR2) and approximately 38 mutations in the aquaporin-2 gene have been identified in patients with inherited nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Extensive in vitro expression and mutagenesis studies of V2 vasopressin receptors and aquaporin-2 have provided detailed insights into the molecular mechanisms of G-protein-coupled receptor and water channel dysfunction per se. Targeted deletions of AVPR2 and AQP2 in mice have extended the knowledge of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus pathophysiology and have stimulated testing of old and new ideas to therapeutically restore normal kidney function in animal models and patients with this disease. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge relevant to understand the molecular basis of inherited nephrogenic diabetes insipidus forms and the rationales for the current pharmacological treatment of patients with this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Schulz
- a University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Holger Römpler
- b University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Doreen Mitschke
- c University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Doreen Thor
- d University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Nicole Schliebe
- e University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Thomas Hermsdorf
- f University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Rainer Strotmann
- g University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Katrin Sangkuhl
- h Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Medical Center, California, USA.
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- i University of Leipzig, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Arsava EM, Saygi S. Epilepsy and intracranial calcification of unknown origin. J Neurol 2005; 252:617-8. [PMID: 15822003 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-005-0705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2004] [Revised: 09/18/2004] [Accepted: 09/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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