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Pavan AF, Ling CD. Phase Formation and Degradation of Na 2ZrO 3 under CO 2 Cycling Studied by Ex Situ and In Situ Diffraction. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6555-6561. [PMID: 35442670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We positively identified and quantified the solid-state phases involved in the carbonation/decarbonation cycle of Na2ZrO3 when used for carbon capture. Previous work had only qualitatively inferred the phases present using diffraction pattern matching and thermogravimetric analysis. Here, we used the Rietveld-refinement method to analyze synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data from samples treated ex situ. We then confirmed and extended our findings by in situ diffraction using a purpose-built gas-flow apparatus. This allowed us to resolve discrepancies in the earlier literature concerning which phases are present during the carbonation and regeneration processes. A key finding is the simultaneous presence of the monoclinic and tetragonal phases of ZrO2 and that the "metastable" tetragonal phase is favored by smaller particles and can reincorporate into the bulk but the stable monoclinic phase does not. The result will help optimize the cycling of Na2ZrO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano F Pavan
- University of Sydney, School of Chemistry, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Chris D Ling
- University of Sydney, School of Chemistry, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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2
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Preparation of tetragonal zirconia microspheres as surrogate precursor for uranium nitride microspheres. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2020.110542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Kalita P, Saini S, Rajput P, Jha SN, Bhattacharyya D, Ojha S, Avasthi DK, Bhattacharya S, Ghosh S. Oxygen vacancy mediated cubic phase stabilization at room temperature in pure nano-crystalline zirconia films: a combined experimental and first-principles based investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:22482-22490. [PMID: 31588473 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02121c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report here the stabilization of the cubic phase under ambient conditions in the thin films of zirconia synthesized by electron beam evaporation. The cubic phase stabilization was achieved without the use of chemical stabilizers and/or concurrent ion beam bombardment. Films of two different thicknesses (660 nm and 140 nm) were deposited. While the 660 nm as-deposited films were in the cubic phase, as indicated by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, the 140 nm as-deposited films were amorphous and the transformation to the cubic phase was obtained after thermal annealing. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements revealed the existence of oxygen vacancies in the local structure surrounding zirconium for all films. However, the amount of these oxygen vacancies was found to be significantly higher for the amorphous films as compared to that for the films in the cubic phase (660 nm as-deposited and 140 nm annealed films). The stabilization of the cubic phase is attributed to the breaking of the oxygen-zirconium bonds due to the presence of the oxygen vacancies, which results in the suppression of the soft X2- mode of vibration of the oxygen sub-lattice. Our first-principles modeling under the framework of density functional theory shows that the cubic structure with oxygen vacancies is indeed more stable under ambient conditions than its pristine (without vacancies) counterpart due to breaking of the oxygen bonds. The requirement of a critical amount of these vacancies for cubic phase stabilization is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parswajit Kalita
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi - 110016, India.
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4
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Avram D, Colbea C, Florea M, Lazar S, Stroppa D, Tiseanu C. Imaging dopant distribution across complete phase transformation by TEM and upconversion emission. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:16743-16754. [PMID: 31403145 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04345d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Correlating dopant distribution to its optical response represents a complex challenge for nanomaterials science. Differentiating the "true" clustering nature from dopant pairs formed in statistical distribution complicates even more the elucidation of doping-functionality relationship. The present study associates lanthanide dopant distribution, including all significant events (enrichment, depletion and surface segregation), to its optical response in upconversion (UPC) at the ensemble and single-nanoparticle level. A small deviation from the Er nominal concentration of a few percent is able to induce clear differences in Er UPC emission color, intensity, excited-state dynamics and ultimately, UPC mechanisms, across tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation in rationally designed Er doped ZrO2 nanoparticles. Rare evidence of a heterogeneous dopant distribution leading to the coexistence of two polymorphs in a single nanoparticle is revealed by Z- and phase contrast transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Despite their spatial proximity, Er in the two polymorphs are spectroscopically isolated, i.e. they do not communicate by energy transfer. Segregated Er, which is well imaged in TEM, is absent in UPC, while the minor phase content overlooked by X-ray diffraction and TEM is revealed by UPC. The outstanding sensitivity of combined TEM and UPC emission to subtle deviations from uniform doping in the diluted concentration regime renders such an approach relevant for various functional oxides supporting lanthanide dopants as emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Avram
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, P.O. Box MG-36, RO 76900, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.
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Ranjbar M, Yousefi M. Facile Preparation of Zirconia Nanostructures by New Method: Nano-Scale Zirconium(IV) Coordination Supramolecular Compound as Precursor. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-016-0069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Aflaki M, Davar F. Synthesis, luminescence and photocatalyst properties of zirconia nanosheets by modified Pechini method. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Manoharan D, Loganathan A, Kurapati V, Nesamony VJ. Unique sharp photoluminescence of size-controlled sonochemically synthesized zirconia nanoparticles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 23:174-184. [PMID: 25453213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study explores the features of tetragonally stabilized polycrystalline zirconia nanophosphors prepared by a sonochemistry based synthesis from zirconium oxalate precursor complex. The sonochemically prepared pristine zirconia, 3 mol%, 5 mol% and 8 mol% yttrium doped zirconia nanophosphors were characterized using thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The reaction mechanism of formation of zirconia nanophosphors is discussed in detail. The probable sonochemical formation mechanism is being proposed. Stabilization of tetragonal phase of pristine zirconia even at room temperature was effectively established by controlling the particle size using ultrasonic waves. Improved phase purity and good surface morphology of the nanophosphors is being achieved via sonochemical route. FE-SEM micrographs reveal that the nanoparticles have uniform spherical shape and size. The narrow particle size distribution (∼15-25 nm) of the zirconia nanoparticles was found from FE-SEM statistical analysis and further confirmed by TEM. Zirconia nanophosphors exhibit a wide energy band gap and which was found to vary with yttrium dopant concentration. The highlight of the present study is the synthesis of novel nanocrystalline ZrO₂ and Y-ZrO₂ phosphor which simultaneously emits extremely sharp as well as intense UV, violet and cyan light on exciting the host atom. The yttrium ion dopant further enhances the photoluminescence property of zirconia. These nanocrystalline phosphors are likely to have remarkable optical applications as light emitting UV-LEDs, UV lasers and multi color displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divinah Manoharan
- Department of Physics, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | - Vishista Kurapati
- Department of Physics, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sonochemical synthesis and characterization of nano-sized zirconium(IV) complex: new precursor for the preparation of pure monoclinic and tetragonal zirconia nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-013-0394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zink N, Emmerling F, Häger T, Panthöfer M, Tahir MN, Kolb U, Tremel W. Low temperature synthesis of monodisperse nanoscaled ZrO2with a large specific surface area. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:432-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12496c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schmidt H, Nass R, Burgard D, Nonninger R. Fabrication of Agglomerate-Free Nanopowders by Hydrothermal Chemical Processing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-520-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTA chemical processing technique for the fabrication of nanopowders has been developed. The route is based on precipitation processes in solutions, either within aqueous droplets in micro-emulsions in the presence of surface modifiers like surfactants or by direct precipitation in solutions in the presence of these surface modifiers or small organic molecules directly bonded to the particle surface. In order to obtain well crystallized or densified particles, a continuous flow hydrothermal process has been developed which allows the fabrication of agglomerate-free surface modified nanopowders. The surface modification provides a full redispersibility after drying and permits a water-based processing. Nanoparticles preparation for ZrO2, ITO and ATO by this route are described.
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Chraska T, King AH, Berndt CC, Karthikeyan J. Phase Transformation as a Function of Particle Size in Nanocrystalline Zirconia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-481-613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTBulk zirconia undergoes a pressure-induced transformation from a (low pressure) monoclinic phase to a high pressure tetragonal phase, at around 3GPa (above 900K). We have studied the structures of zirconia nanoparticles formed by plasma-spraying an organo-metallic precursor. Inspection of the particles in the TEM reveals that they adopt one of two distinct crystal structures, depending upon their size. The smallest particles have the tetragonal structure, while larger ones are monoclinic. Interpolation of the data reveals a critical size above which the monoclinic structure is stable. Upon annealing, the zirconia particles coarsen and the small tetragonal particles transform to the monoclinic structure at about the critical size. Coarsening under these conditions produces irregular particle size distributions. We estimate that the surface-stress induced internal pressure in the tetragonal nanoparticles can be as high as 5 GPa and the corresponding surface stress is about 6N/m.
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Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline zirconia powder by simple sol–gel method with glucose and fructose as organic additives. POWDER TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Abdala PM, Fantini MCA, Craievich AF, Lamas DG. Crystallite size-dependent phases in nanocrystalline ZrO(2)-Sc(2)O(3). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:2822-9. [PMID: 20449372 DOI: 10.1039/b922541b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ZrO(2)-10, 12 and 14 mol% Sc(2)O(3) nanopowders were prepared by using a nitrate-lysine gel-combustion synthesis. These materials were studied by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (SXPD) and Raman spectroscopy after calcination at different temperatures from 650 to 1200 degrees C, which led to samples with different average crystallite sizes, up to about 100 nm. The results from SXPD and Raman analyses indicate that, depending on Sc(2)O(3) content, the metastable t''-form of the tetragonal phase or the cubic phase are fully retained at room temperature in nanocrystalline powders, provided an average crystallite sizes lower than approximately 30 nm. By contrast, powders with larger average crystallite sizes exhibit the stable rhombohedral, beta and gamma, phases and do not retain or very partially retain the metastable t'' and cubic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Abdala
- CINSO (Centro de Investigaciones en Sólidos), CITEFA-CONICET J.B. de La Salle 4397 (B1603ALO) Villa Martelli, Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Salavati-Niasari M, Dadkhah M, Davar F. Pure cubic ZrO2 nanoparticles by thermolysis of a new precursor. Polyhedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2009.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Salavati-Niasari M, Dadkhah M, Davar F. Synthesis and characterization of pure cubic zirconium oxide nanocrystals by decomposition of bis-aqua, tris-acetylacetonato zirconium(IV) nitrate as new precursor complex. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2009.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Zhao N, Pan D, Nie W, Ji X. Two-phase synthesis of shape-controlled colloidal zirconia nanocrystals and their characterization. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:10118-24. [PMID: 16881641 DOI: 10.1021/ja0612145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a two-phase approach for the synthesis of shape-controlled colloidal zirconia nanocrystals, including spherical-, teardrop-, rod-, and rice grain-shaped particles. We found that the key factors for controlling the shape were the reaction time, the nature of the capping agent, and the monomer concentration. We have analyzed the morphologies, crystallinity, optical properties, and structural features of the as-prepared ZrO2 nanoparticles by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, X-ray powder diffraction, and UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The possible nucleation and growth process is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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Armelao L, Barreca D, Bottaro G, Gasparotto A, Tondello E, Ferroni M, Polizzi S. Innovative Approaches to Oxide Nanosystems: CeO2-ZrO2 Nanocomposites by a Combined PE-CVD/Sol-Gel Route. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/cvde.200306296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Knoner G, Reimann K, Rower R, Sodervall U, Schaefer HE. Enhanced oxygen diffusivity in interfaces of nanocrystalline ZrO2.Y2O3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:3870-3. [PMID: 12655074 PMCID: PMC153014 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0730783100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
First measurements of oxygen grain boundary diffusion coefficients in nanocrystalline yttria-doped ZrO(2) (n-ZrO(2).6.9 mol % Y(2)O(3)) are presented. The (18)O diffusion profiles measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy are much deeper in the nanocrystalline specimens than in single crystals. An oxygen diffusivity, D(B), in the grain boundaries can be deduced, which is approximately 3 orders of magnitude higher than in single crystals. From the present data the temperature variation of the oxygen grain boundary diffusivity, D(B) = 2.0 x 10(-5) exp (-0.91 eVk(B)T) m(2)s, and the oxygen surface exchange coefficient, k = 1.4 x 10(-2) exp (-1.13 eVk(B)T) ms, are derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Knoner
- Institut für Theoretische und Angewandte Physik, Universität Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Gertsman VY, Lin YP, Zhilyaev AP, Szpunar JA. Special grain boundaries in zirconia corrosion films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/01418619908210380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Möller A, Hahn H. Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline Ni/ZrO2 composite coatings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0965-9773(99)00112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Puclin T, Kaczmarek W. A high temperature X-ray diffraction study of the crystallisation of amorphous ball-milled zircon. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(97)00053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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