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Lazorski MS, Schapiro I, Gaddie RS, Lehnig AP, Atanasov M, Neese F, Steiner UE, Elliott CM. Spin-chemical effects on intramolecular photoinduced charge transfer reactions in bisphenanthroline copper(i)-viologen dyad assemblies. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5511-5525. [PMID: 32874494 PMCID: PMC7448374 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00830c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two covalently linked donor-acceptor copper phenanthroline complexes (C-A dyads) of interest for solar energy conversion/storage schemes, [Cu(i)(Rphen(OMV)2 4+)2]9+ = RC+A4 8+ with RC+ = [Cu(i)Rphen2]+ involving 2,9-methyl (R = Me) or 2,9-phenyl (R = Ph)-phenanthroline ligands that are 5,6-disubstituted by 4-(n-butoxy) linked methylviologen electron acceptor groups (A2+ = OMV2+), have been synthesized and investigated via quantum chemical calculations and nanosecond laser flash spectroscopy in 1,2-difluorobenzene/methanol (dfb/MeOH) mixtures. Upon photoexcitation, charge transfer (CT) states RC2+A+A3 6+ are formed in less than one ns and decay by charge recombination on a time scale of 6-45 ns. The CT lifetime of RC2+A+A3 6+ has a strong dependence on MeOH solvent fraction when R = Me, but is unaffected if R = Ph. This solvent effect is due to coordination of MeOH solvent in MeC+A4 8+ (i.e. exciplex formation) allowed by conformational flattening of the ligand sphere, which cannot occur in PhC+A4 8+ having bulkier Phphen ligand framework. Interestingly, the decay time of the CT state increases for both species at low magnetic fields with a maximum increase of ca. 30% at ca. 150 mT, then decreases as the field is increased up to 1500 mT, the highest field investigated. This magnetic field effect (MFE) is due to magnetic modulation of the spin dynamics interconverting 3CT and 1CT states. A quantitative modeling according to the radical pair mechanism involving ab initio multireference calculations of the complexes revealed that the spin process is dominated by the effect of Cu hyperfine coupling. The external magnetic field suppresses the hyperfine coupling induced spin state mixing thereby lengthening the CT decay time. This effect is counteracted by the field dependent processes of T0-S mixing through the Δg-mechanism and by a local mode spin-orbit mechanism. Further, the maximum MFE is limited by a finite rate of direct recombination of 3CT states and the spin-rotational mechanism of spin relaxation. This study provides a first comprehensive characterization of Cu(ii)-complex spin chemistry and highlights how spin chemistry can be used to manipulate solar energy harvesting and storage materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Lazorski
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , CO 80523 , USA .
| | - Igor Schapiro
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Ross S Gaddie
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , CO 80523 , USA .
| | - Ammon P Lehnig
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , CO 80523 , USA .
| | - Mihail Atanasov
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Ulrich E Steiner
- Department of Chemistry , University of Konstanz , Universitätsstraße 14 , Konstanz , 78457 , Germany
| | - C Michael Elliott
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , CO 80523 , USA .
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Todd ZR, Fahrenbach AC, Magnani CJ, Ranjan S, Björkbom A, Szostak JW, Sasselov DD. Solvated-electron production using cyanocuprates is compatible with the UV-environment on a Hadean–Archaean Earth. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1121-1124. [PMID: 29334083 PMCID: PMC9631354 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07748c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UV-driven photoredox processing of cyanocuprates can generate simple sugars necessary for prebiotic synthesis. We investigate the wavelength dependence of this process from 215 to 295 nm and generally observe faster rates at shorter wavelengths. The most efficient wavelengths are accessible to a range of potential prebiotic atmospheres, supporting the potential role of cyanocuprate photochemistry in prebiotic synthesis on the early Earth. Simple sugars necessary for the synthesis of prebiotic molecules can be generated from UV-driven cyanocuprate photoprocessing under conditions consistent with those expected on the surface of the early Earth.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe R. Todd
- Department of Astronomy
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
- 60 Garden Street
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Albert C. Fahrenbach
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- 185 Cambridge Street
- Boston
| | - Christopher J. Magnani
- Department of Astronomy
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
- 60 Garden Street
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Sukrit Ranjan
- Department of Astronomy
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
- 60 Garden Street
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Anders Björkbom
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- 185 Cambridge Street
- Boston
| | - Jack W. Szostak
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- 185 Cambridge Street
- Boston
| | - Dimitar D. Sasselov
- Department of Astronomy
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
- 60 Garden Street
- Cambridge
- USA
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Tsipis AC, Stalikas AV. Electronic, bonding, and optical properties of 1d [CuCN]n (n = 1-10) chains, 2d [CuCN]n (n = 2-10) nanorings, and 3d [Cun (CN)n ]m (n = 4, m = 2, 3; n = 10, m = 2) tubes studied by DFT/TD-DFT methods. J Comput Chem 2015; 36:1334-47. [PMID: 25907151 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The electronic, bonding, and photophysical properties of one-dimensional [CuCN](n) (n = 1-10) chains, 2-D [CuCN](n) (n = 2-10) nanorings, and 3-D [Cu(n)(CN)(n)](m) (n = 4, m = 2, 3; n = 10, m = 2) tubes are investigated by means of a multitude of computational methodologies using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent-density-functional theory (TD-DFT) methods. The calculations revealed that the 2-D [CuCN](n) (n = 2-10) nanorings are more stable than the respective 1-D [CuCN](n) (n = 2-10) linear chains. The 2-D [CuCN](n) (n = 2-10) nanorings are predicted to form 3-D [Cun (CN)(n)](m) (n = 4, m = 2, 3; n = 10, m = 2) tubes supported by weak stacking interactions, which are clearly visualized as broad regions in real space by the 3D plots of the reduced density gradient. The bonding mechanism in the 1-D [CuCN](n) (n = 1-10) chains, 2-D [CuCN](n) (n = 2-10) nanorings, and 3-D [Cu(n)(CN)(n)](m) (n = 4, m = 2, 3; n = 10, m = 2) tubes are easily recognized by a multitude of electronic structure calculation approaches. Particular emphasis was given on the photophysical properties (absorption and emission spectra) of the [CuCN](n) chains, nanorings, and tubes which were simulated by TD-DFT calculations. The absorption and emission bands in the simulated TD-DFT absorption and emission spectra have thoroughly been analyzed and assignments of the contributing principal electronic transitions associated to individual excitations have been made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios C Tsipis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic and General Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandros V Stalikas
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic and General Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Pike
- Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795,
United States
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Fang Z, Yang W, He J, Ding K, Wu X, Zhang Q, Yu R, Lu C. Solvothermal synthesis of two new coordination polymers: in situ heterocycle conversion and N-alkylation, network topologies and luminescence properties. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce06747a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Fang ZL, He JG, Zhang QS, Zhang QK, Wu XY, Yu RM, Lu CZ. PH-Controlled Construction of Cu(I) Coordination Polymers: In Situ Transformation of Ligand, Network Topologies, and Luminescence and UV–vis-NIR Absorption Properties. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:11403-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ic2011666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Lan Fang
- The State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Gang He
- The State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Sheng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Kai Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Min Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Can-Zhong Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
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Metal-Organic Framework Constructed by Copper(I) Cyanide and Ethyl Isonicotinate Through Hydrogen Bonding. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-010-9396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Bayse CA, Brewster TP, Pike RD. Photoluminescence of 1-D Copper(I) Cyanide Chains: A Theoretical Description. Inorg Chem 2008; 48:174-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ic801509t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig A. Bayse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, and Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187
| | - Timothy P. Brewster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, and Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187
| | - Robert D. Pike
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, and Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187
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Park KM, Lee S, Kang Y, Moon SH, Lee SS. An unusual anionic copper(i) cyanide 3D framework encapsulating a cationic copper(ii) complex as a guest. Dalton Trans 2008:6521-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b814646b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pike RD, deKrafft KE, Ley AN, Tronic TA. Threaded structure and blue luminescence of (CuCN)20(Piperazine)7. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:3732-4. [PMID: 17851610 DOI: 10.1039/b707582k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structurally unique and highly luminescent 20 : 7 complex of CuCN with piperazine (Pip) was formed under aqueous conditions; its structure reveals two interpenetrated 2D sub-networks in 6 : 1 ratio: (CuCN)2(Pip) and (CuCN)8(Pip), the latter consisting of Cu18(CN)16(Pip)2 macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Pike
- Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA.
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Lin YY, Lai SW, Che CM, Fu WF, Zhou ZY, Zhu N. Structural Variations and Spectroscopic Properties of Luminescent Mono- and Multinuclear Silver(I) and Copper(I) Complexes Bearing Phosphine and Cyanide Ligands. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:1511-24. [PMID: 15732994 DOI: 10.1021/ic048876k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of equimolar amounts of AgCN and PCy3 gave the polymer [(Cy3P)Ag(NCAgCN)]infinity (1), whereas employment of excess PCy3 yielded the discrete compound [(Cy3P)2Ag(NCAgCN)] (2). Reacting bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)methane (dcpm) with AgCN in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios gave two crystalline forms, namely [Ag2(mu-dcpm)2][Ag(CN)2]2 x (CH3OH)2 (3a x (CH3OH)2) and [Ag2(mu-dcpm)2][Ag(CN)2]2 (3b), respectively. The similar reaction of CuCN with PCy3 afforded the polymeric compound [{(Cy3P)Cu(CN)}3]infinity (4), whereas treatment of CuCN with dcpm gave [Cu2(mu-dcpm)2(CN)2] (5). Employment of diphosphine ligands with longer -(CH2)n- spacers, such as 1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane (dcpe, n = 2) and 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp, n = 3), in reactions with [Cu(CH3CN)4]PF6 and KCN afforded the macrocylic compounds [{Cu(dcpe)}2(CN)(mu-dcpe)]PF6 (6(PF6)) and [{Cu(dppp)}3(CN)2(mu-dppp)]PF6 (7(PF6)), respectively. The hexanuclear complex [Cu(CN)(PCy3)]6 (8) was obtained by reacting CuCN with PCy3 in the presence of sodium pyridine-2-thiolate. The UV-vis absorption spectrum of 1 in acetonitrile displays a weak shoulder at 245 nm (epsilon = 350 dm3 mol(-1) cm(-1)). For 3a, 3b, and 5, the intense absorption bands at lambdamax = 257-276 nm with epsilon values of (1.73-1.80) x 10(4) dm3 mol(-1) cm(-1) are assigned to [ndsigma --> (n + 1)psigma] transitions. Complexes 3a and 3b emit at lambdamax = 365 nm in CH3CN (quantum yield approximately 6 x10(-3), lifetime approximately 0.2 micros). The solid-state emission of 5 (lambdamax = 470 and 488 nm at 298 and 77 K) is red-shifted in energy from that of 4 (lambdamax = 401 and 405 nm at 298 and 77 K, respectively). In 77 K MeOH/EtOH (1:4) glassy solution, complexes 4-8 display intense emission with lambdamax at 382-416 nm, which is assigned to the [3d --> (4s, 4p)] triplet excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yue Lin
- Department of Chemistry and HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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Crespo-Hernández C, Arce R, Quiñones E. Magnetic field-enhanced photoinization of 6-methylpurine. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.10.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Stevenson KL, Jarboe JH, Langmeyer SA, Acra TW. Formation and photoinduced electron ejection of amminedicyanocuprate(I) and cyano-bridged trinuclear copper(I) complexes in aqueous ammonia solution. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:3559-64. [PMID: 12767193 DOI: 10.1021/ic020725z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UV absorption spectral evidence confirms that a mixed-ligand complex, Cu(CN)(2)(NH(3))(-), is formed in an aqueous solution of KCu(CN)(2) and ammonia. The stepwise stability constant for the reaction, Cu(CN)(2)(-) + NH(3) = Cu(CN)(2)(NH(3))(-), is 2.80 +/- 0.40 in 1 M ionic strength, NaClO(4) medium at 25 degrees C. This amminedicyanocuprate(I) ion readily combines in aqueous solution in a 1:2 and 2:1 molar ratios with Cu(NH(3))(2)(+) to form two trinuclear ionic species, presumably with cyano bridges, with the suggested formulas of Cu(3)(CN)(2)(NH(3))(5)(+) and Cu(3)(CN)(4)(NH(3))(3)(-). The resolved UV absorption spectra of the monomer and two trimers have been determined and exhibit strong bands, presumably metal-ligand charge transfer in nature, in the 200-250-nm region. When solutions of all three complexes absorb a pulse of 266-nm laser light, they photoeject hydrated electrons monophotonically, with quantum yields of 0.41 +/- 0.02, 0.53 +/- 0.02, and 0.50 +/- 0.01 for the monomer, cationic trimer, and anionic trimer, respectively, suggesting that absorption in the charge-transfer-to-solvent bands of these complexes results in an efficient electron ejection process that is enhanced by the existence of a polynuclear structure with cyano bridges. No room-temperature luminescence is observed for these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University-Purdue University at Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805, USA.
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Horváth O, Fendler JH. Photochemistry of iodocuprate(I) complexes: formation and scavenging of hydrated electrons. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/1010-6030(93)87005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Horváth A, Horváth O, Stevenson K. Time resolved studies of the photoinduced electron transfer in aqueous solutions of chloro- and cyanocuprate(I) complexes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/1010-6030(92)85179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Horváth A, Stevenson K. Spectral and photochemical characterization of the chlorodicyanocuprate(I) complex in aqueous solution. Inorganica Chim Acta 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)87931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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