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Müller TD, Blüher M, Tschöp MH, DiMarchi RD. Anti-obesity drug discovery: advances and challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:201-223. [PMID: 34815532 PMCID: PMC8609996 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 165.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Enormous progress has been made in the last half-century in the management of diseases closely integrated with excess body weight, such as hypertension, adult-onset diabetes and elevated cholesterol. However, the treatment of obesity itself has proven largely resistant to therapy, with anti-obesity medications (AOMs) often delivering insufficient efficacy and dubious safety. Here, we provide an overview of the history of AOM development, focusing on lessons learned and ongoing obstacles. Recent advances, including increased understanding of the molecular gut-brain communication, are inspiring the pursuit of next-generation AOMs that appear capable of safely achieving sizeable and sustained body weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo D. Müller
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany ,grid.452622.5German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- grid.411339.d0000 0000 8517 9062Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias H. Tschöp
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Richard D. DiMarchi
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XDepartment of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
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Emery S, Fieux S, Vidal B, Courault P, Bouvard S, Tourvieille C, Iecker T, Billard T, Zimmer L, Lancelot S. Preclinical validation of [ 18F]2FNQ1P as a specific PET radiotracer of 5-HT 6 receptors in rat, pig, non-human primate and human brain tissue. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 82-83:57-63. [PMID: 32006785 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to perform in-vitro and in-vivo radiopharmacological characterizations of [18F]2FNQ1P, a new PET radiotracer of 5-HT6 receptors, in rat, pig, non-human primate and human tissues. The 5-HT6 receptor is one of the more recently identified serotonin receptors in central nervous system and, because of its role in memory and cognitive processes, is considered as a promising therapeutic target. METHODS In-vitro autoradiography and saturation binding assays were performed in postmortem brain tissues from rat, pig, non-human primate and human caudate nucleus, completed by serum stability assessment in all species and cerebral radiometabolite and biodistribution studies in rat. RESULTS In all species, autoradiography data revealed high binding levels of [18F]2FNQ1P in cerebral regions with high 5-HT6 receptor density. Binding was blocked by addition of SB258585 as a specific antagonist. Binding assays provided KD and Bmax values of respectively 1.34 nM and 0.03 pmol·mg-1 in rat, 0.60 nM and 0.04 pmol·mg-1 in pig, 1.38 nM and 0.07 pmol·mg-1 in non-human primate, and 1.39 nM and 0.15 pmol·mg-1 in human caudate nucleus. In rat brain, the proportion of unmetabolized [18F]2FNQ1P was >99% 5 min after iv injection and 89% at 40 min. The biodistribution studies found maximal radioactivity in lungs and kidneys (3.5 ± 1.2% ID/g and 2.0 ± 0.7% ID/g, respectively, 15 min post-injection). CONCLUSION These radiopharmacological data confirm that [18F]2FNQ1P is a specific radiotracer for molecular imaging of 5-HT6 receptors and suggest that it could be used as a radiopharmaceutical in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Emery
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université de Lyon, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Sylvain Fieux
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université de Lyon, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Vidal
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université de Lyon, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Courault
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université de Lyon, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Sandrine Bouvard
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université de Lyon, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Thierry Billard
- CERMEP Imaging Platform, Bron, France; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Lyon, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Luc Zimmer
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université de Lyon, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France; CERMEP Imaging Platform, Bron, France; National Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology INSTN, CEA, Saclay, France.
| | - Sophie Lancelot
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université de Lyon, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France; CERMEP Imaging Platform, Bron, France
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Computer-Aided Studies for Novel Arylhydantoin 1,3,5-Triazine Derivatives as 5-HT₆ Serotonin Receptor Ligands with Antidepressive-Like, Anxiolytic and Antiobesity Action In Vivo. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102529. [PMID: 30282913 PMCID: PMC6222450 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and computer-aided structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis for a novel group of aromatic triazine-methylpiperazines, with an hydantoin spacer between 1,3,5-traizine and the aromatic fragment. New compounds were synthesized and their affinities for serotonin 5-HT₆, 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT₇, and dopamine D₂ receptors were evaluated. The induced-fit docking (IFD) procedure was performed to explore the 5-HT₆ receptor conformation space employing two lead structures. It resulted in a consistent binding mode with the activity data. For the most active compounds found in each modification line, anti-obesity and anti-depressive-like activity in vivo, as well as "druglikeness" in vitro, were examined. Two 2-naphthyl compounds (18 and 26) were identified as the most active 5-HT₆R agents within each lead modification line, respectively. The 5-(2-naphthyl)hydantoin derivative 26, the most active one in the series (5-HT₆R: Ki = 87 nM), displayed also significant selectivity towards competitive G-protein coupled receptors (6⁻197-fold). Docking studies indicated that the hydantoin ring is stabilized by hydrogen bonding, but due to its different orientation, the hydrogen bonds form with S5.44 and N6.55 or Q6.58 for 18 and 26, respectively. Compound 26 exerted anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like activities. Importantly, it demonstrated anti-obesity properties in animals fed palatable feed, and did not show toxic effects in vitro.
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de Jong IE, Mørk A. Antagonism of the 5-HT 6 receptor – Preclinical rationale for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2017; 125:50-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sgambato-Faure V, Billard T, Météreau E, Duperrier S, Fieux S, Costes N, Tremblay L, Zimmer L. Characterization and Reliability of [ 18F]2FNQ1P in Cynomolgus Monkeys as a PET Radiotracer for Serotonin 5-HT 6 Receptors. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:471. [PMID: 28769801 PMCID: PMC5513908 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain serotonin-6 receptor (5-HT6R) is the one of the most recently identified serotonin receptors. Accumulating evidence suggests that it is a potent therapeutic target for psychiatric and neurological diseases. Since [18F]2FNQ1P was recently proposed as the first fluorinated positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand for this receptor, the objective of the present study was to demonstrate its suitability for 5-HT6R neuroimaging in primates. [18F]2FNQ1P was characterized by in vitro autoradiography and in vivo PET imaging in cynomolgus monkeys. Following in vivo PET imaging, tracer binding indices were computed using the simplified reference tissue model and Logan graphical model, with cerebellum as reference region. The tracer binding reproducibility was assessed by test–retest in five animals. Finally, specificity was assessed by pre-injection of a 5-HT6R antagonist, SB258585. In vitro, results showed wide cerebral distribution of the tracer with specificity toward 5-HT6Rs as binding was effectively displaced by SB258585. In vivo brain penetration was good with reproducible distribution at cortical and subcortical levels. The automated method gave the best spatial normalization. The Logan graphical model showed the best tracer binding indices, giving the highest magnitude, lowest standard deviation and best reproducibility and robustness. Finally, 5-HT6R antagonist pre-injection significantly decreased [18F]2FNQ1P binding mainly in the striatum and sensorimotor cortex. Taken together, these preclinical results show that [18F]2FNQ1P is a good candidate to address 5-HT6 receptors in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Sgambato-Faure
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon, France.,Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS UMR5229Bron, France
| | - Thierry Billard
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon, France.,Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie, CNRS UMR5246Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elise Météreau
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon, France.,Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS UMR5229Bron, France
| | - Sandra Duperrier
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon, France.,Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS UMR5229Bron, France
| | - Sylvain Fieux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon, France.,Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028Lyon, France
| | | | - Léon Tremblay
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon, France.,Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS UMR5229Bron, France
| | - Luc Zimmer
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon, France.,Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028Lyon, France.,CERMEP-Imagerie du VivantLyon, France.,Hospices Civils de LyonLyon, France
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Dopamine and serotonin modulation of motor and non-motor functions of the non-human primate striato-pallidal circuits in normal and pathological states. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:485-500. [PMID: 28176009 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to the non-human primate (NHP), we have shown that the pharmacological disturbance of the anterior striatum or of external globus pallidus triggers a set of motivation and movement disorders, depending on the functional subterritory involved. One can, therefore, assume that the aberrant activity of the different subterritories of basal ganglia (BG) could lead to different behavioral disorders in neuropsychiatric disorders as Tourette's syndrome and Parkinson's disease. We are now addressing in the NHP the impact of modulating dopamine or serotonin within the BG on behavioral disorders. Indeed, we have shown a prominent role of serotonergic degeneration within the ventral striatum and caudate nucleus in neuropsychiatric symptoms in de novo PD patients. Of note, the serotonergic modulation of these BG regions in the NHP plays also a critical role in the induction or treatment of behavioral disorders. Given that both dopamine and serotonin are targeted to treat neuropsychiatric disorders, we are studying the effects of modulating dopamine and serotonin transporters in the different territories of the striatum, and more particularly within the ventral striatum on decision-making processing at both behavioral and neuronal levels. Finally, we evidence the need to extend the pharmacological approach to the receptors of these two neuromodulator systems as the use of substances targeting receptor subtypes preferentially localized in the associative and limbic territories of BG could be very effective to specifically improve the behavioral disorders in Parkinson's disease, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome but also in several psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, anorexia, or impulse control disorders.
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Fabritius CH, Pesonen U, Messinger J, Horvath R, Salo H, Gałęzowski M, Galek M, Stefańska K, Szeremeta-Spisak J, Olszak-Płachta M, Buda A, Adamczyk J, Król M, Prusis P, Sieprawska-Lupa M, Mikulski M, Kuokkanen K, Chapman H, Obuchowicz R, Korjamo T, Jalava N, Nowak M. 1-Sulfonyl-6-Piperazinyl-7-Azaindoles as potent and pseudo-selective 5-HT 6 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2610-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Wicke K, Haupt A, Bespalov A. Investigational drugs targeting 5-HT6 receptors for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24:1515-28. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1102884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Helboe L, Egebjerg J, de Jong IEM. Distribution of serotonin receptor 5-HT6 mRNA in rat neuronal subpopulations: A double in situ hybridization study. Neuroscience 2015; 310:442-54. [PMID: 26424380 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The 5-HT6 receptor (5-HT6R) is almost exclusively expressed in the brain and has emerged as a promising target for cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we have determined the cell types on which the 5-HT6R is expressed by colocalizing 5-HT6R mRNA with that of a range of neuronal and interneuronal markers in the rat brain. Here, we show that 5-HT6R mRNA was expressed at high levels in medium spiny neurons in caudate putamen and in nucleus accumbens, as well as in the olfactory tubercle. Striatal 5-HT6R mRNA was colocalized with both dopamine D1 and D2 receptor mRNA. 5-HT6R mRNA was moderately expressed in the hippocampus and throughout cortical regions in glutamatergic neurons coexpressing vGluT1. A subset of GAD67-positive GABAergic interneurons (approximately 15%) expressed 5-HT6R mRNA in the cortex and hippocampus, the majority of which belonged to the 5-HT3a receptor (5-HT3aR)-expressing subpopulation. In contrast, 5-HT6R mRNA was only expressed to a minor extent in the parvalbumin and somatostatin subpopulations. A subset of calbindin- and calretinin-positive GABAergic interneurons expressed 5-HT6R mRNA while only a very minor fraction of VIP or NPY interneurons in forebrain structures expressed 5-HT6R mRNA. Serotonergic, dopaminergic or cholinergic neurons did not express 5-HT6R mRNA. These data indicate that the 5-HT6R is located on GABAergic and glutamatergic principal neurons, and on a subset of interneurons mainly belonging to the 5-HT3aR subgroup suggesting that the 5-HT6R is positioned to regulate the balance between excitatory and inhibitory signaling in the brain. These data provide new insights into the mechanisms of 5-HT6R signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Helboe
- Department of Neurodegeneration, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark.
| | - J Egebjerg
- Department of Neurodegeneration, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark.
| | - I E M de Jong
- Department of Neurodegeneration, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark.
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Piperazine scaffold: A remarkable tool in generation of diverse pharmacological agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 102:487-529. [PMID: 26310894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Piperazine is one of the most sought heterocyclics for the development of new drug candidates. This ring can be traced in a number of well established, commercially available drugs. Wide array of pharmacological activities exhibited by piperazine derivatives have made them indispensable anchors for the development of novel therapeutic agents. The review herein highlights the therapeutic significance of piperazine derivatives. Various therapeutically active piperazine derivatives developed by several chemists are reported here.
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Ha CM, Park D, Kim Y, Na M, Panda S, Won S, Kim H, Ryu H, Park ZY, Rasenick MM, Chang S. SNX14 is a bifunctional negative regulator for neuronal 5-HT6 receptor signaling. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:1848-61. [PMID: 25795301 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.169581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, also known as serotonin) subtype 6 receptor (5-HT6R, also known as HTR6) plays roles in cognition, anxiety and learning and memory disorders, yet new details concerning its regulation remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that 5-HT6R directly interacted with SNX14 and that this interaction dramatically increased internalization and degradation of 5-HT6R. Knockdown of endogenous SNX14 had the opposite effect. SNX14 is highly expressed in the brain and contains a putative regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) domain. Although its RGS domain was found to be non-functional as a GTPase activator for Gαs, we found that it specifically bound to and sequestered Gαs, thus inhibiting downstream cAMP production. We further found that protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of SNX14 inhibited its binding to Gαs and diverted SNX14 from Gαs binding to 5-HT6R binding, thus facilitating the endocytic degradation of the receptor. Therefore, our results suggest that SNX14 is a dual endogenous negative regulator in 5-HT6R-mediated signaling pathway, modulating both signaling and trafficking of 5-HT6R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Man Ha
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea Biomembrane Plasticity Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 700-100, South Korea
| | - Daehun Park
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea Biomembrane Plasticity Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
| | - Yoonju Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea Biomembrane Plasticity Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea Neuroscience Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
| | - Myeongsu Na
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea Biomembrane Plasticity Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
| | - Surabhi Panda
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics and Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60680, USA
| | - Sehoon Won
- Department of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, South Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Biomembrane Plasticity Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
| | - Zee Yong Park
- Department of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Mark M Rasenick
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics and Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60680, USA
| | - Sunghoe Chang
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea Biomembrane Plasticity Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea Neuroscience Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
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Staroń J, Warszycki D, Kalinowska-Tłuścik J, Satała G, Bojarski AJ. Rational design of 5-HT6R ligands using a bioisosteric strategy: synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modelling. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00054h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A bioisosteric strategy was successfully implemented with a screening protocol for new, potent 5-HT6R ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Staroń
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences
- 31-343 Kraków
- Poland
| | - Dawid Warszycki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences
- 31-343 Kraków
- Poland
| | - Justyna Kalinowska-Tłuścik
- Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physic
- Jagiellonian University Faculty of Chemistry
- 30-060 Kraków
- Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences
- 31-343 Kraków
- Poland
| | - Andrzej J. Bojarski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences
- 31-343 Kraków
- Poland
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Becker G, Colomb J, Sgambato-Faure V, Tremblay L, Billard T, Zimmer L. Preclinical evaluation of [18F]2FNQ1P as the first fluorinated serotonin 5-HT6 radioligand for PET imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 42:495-502. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-014-2936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Nikiforuk A. The procognitive effects of 5-HT6 receptor ligands in animal models of schizophrenia. Rev Neurosci 2014; 25:367-82. [PMID: 24501158 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2014-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to positive and negative symptoms, cognitive deficits are increasingly being recognized as a core feature of schizophrenia. Neurocognitive impairments are strongly associated with functional outcomes; thus, the treatment of cognitive impairments is of central importance. A large body of evidence suggests that the serotonin 6 (5-HT6) receptors may be potential targets for cognitive improvement. Clinical and preclinical studies have supported the notion that using 5-HT6 receptor antagonists is a promising component in the treatment of cognitive dysfunctions associated with aging and Alzheimer's disease. However, less is known about the efficacy of this strategy in the treatment of schizophrenia-like cognitive disturbances. The purpose of this review is to summarize existing data on the effects of 5-HT6 receptor antagonists in animal experiments, utilizing tasks that assess cognitive domains that are relevant to the cognitive deficits characterizing schizophrenia. This review focuses primarily on animal models of schizophrenia that are based on the blockade of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors; however, when relevant, data obtained in other models are also discussed. The putative procognitive actions of 5-HT6 agonists are also reviewed. Finally, the mechanisms that are putatively responsible for the procognitive effects of 5-HT6 receptor ligands are briefly discussed.
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Ivachtchenko AV. Sulfonyl-containing modulators of serotonin 5-HT6receptors and their pharmacophore models. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2014v083n05abeh004371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ivachtchenko AV, Ivanenkov YA. 5HT(6) receptor antagonists: a patent update. Part 1. Sulfonyl derivatives. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 22:917-64. [PMID: 22816965 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2012.709236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among a variety of proteins included in a relatively wide GPCR family, serotonin 5HT receptors (5HT(6)Rs) are highly attractive as important biological targets with enormous clinical importance. Among this subclass, 5HT(6)R is the most recently discovered group. Available biological data clearly indicate that 5HT(6)R antagonists can be used as effective regulators in a variety of contexts, including memory formation, age-related cognitive impairments and memory deficits associated with conditions such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, this receptor has already attracted a considerable attention within the scientific community, due to its versatile therapeutic potential. AREAS COVERED The current paper is an update to the comprehensive review article published previously in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents (see issue 20(7), 2010). Here, the main focus is on small-molecule compounds - 5HT(6) antagonists - which have been described in recent patent literature, since the end of 2009. To obtain a clear understanding of the situation and dynamic within the field of 5HT(6) ligands, having an obvious pharmaceutical potential in terms of related patents, a comprehensive search through several key patent collections have been provided. The authors describe the reported chemical classes and scaffolds in sufficient detail to provide a valuable insight in the 5HT(6)R chemistry and pharmacology. The review consists of two core parts with separate sections arranged in accordance with the main structural features of 5HT(6)R ligands. EXPERT OPINION Recent progress in the understanding of the 5HT(6) receptor function and structure includes a suggested constitutive activity for the receptor, development of a number of multimodal small molecule ligands and re-classification of many selective antagonists as pseudo-selective agents. Heterocycles with sulfonyl group and without any basic center provide sufficient supramolecular interactions and show high antagonistic activity against 5HT(6)R.
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Heal DJ, Gosden J, Smith SL. What is the prognosis for new centrally-acting anti-obesity drugs? Neuropharmacology 2012; 63:132-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Vickers SP, Jackson HC, Cheetham SC. The utility of animal models to evaluate novel anti-obesity agents. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:1248-62. [PMID: 21265828 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of obesity continues to rise and is a major driver of morbidity and mortality through cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Animal models used in the discovery of novel treatments for obesity range from straightforward measures of food intake in lean rodents to long-term studies in animals exhibiting obesity due to the continuous access to diets high in fat. The utility of these animal models can be extended to determine, for example, that weight loss is due to fat loss and/or assess whether beneficial changes in key plasma parameters (e.g. insulin) are evident. In addition, behavioural models such as the behavioural satiety sequence can be used to confirm that a drug treatment has a selective effect on food intake. Typically, animal models have excellent predictive validity whereby drug-induced weight loss in rodents subsequently translates to weight loss in man. However, despite this, at the time of writing orlistat (Europe; USA) remains the only drug currently marketed for the treatment of obesity, with sibutramine having recently been withdrawn from sale globally due to the increased incidence of serious, non-fatal cardiovascular events. While the utility of rodent models in predicting clinical weight loss is detailed, the review also discusses whether animals can be used to predict adverse events such as those seen with recent anti-obesity drugs in the clinic.
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van Loevezijn A, Venhorst J, Iwema Bakker WI, de Korte CG, de Looff W, Verhoog S, van Wees JW, van Hoeve M, van de Woestijne RP, van der Neut MAW, Borst AJM, van Dongen MJP, de Bruin NMWJ, Keizer HG, Kruse CG. N′-(Arylsulfonyl)pyrazoline-1-carboxamidines as Novel, Neutral 5-Hydroxytryptamine 6 Receptor (5-HT6R) Antagonists with Unique Structural Features. J Med Chem 2011; 54:7030-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200466r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnold van Loevezijn
- Abbott Healthcare Products B.V. (formerly Solvay Pharmaceuticals B.V.), C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Venhorst
- Abbott Healthcare Products B.V. (formerly Solvay Pharmaceuticals B.V.), C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter I. Iwema Bakker
- Abbott Healthcare Products B.V. (formerly Solvay Pharmaceuticals B.V.), C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Cor G. de Korte
- Abbott Healthcare Products B.V. (formerly Solvay Pharmaceuticals B.V.), C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter de Looff
- Abbott Healthcare Products B.V. (formerly Solvay Pharmaceuticals B.V.), C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Verhoog
- Abbott Healthcare Products B.V. (formerly Solvay Pharmaceuticals B.V.), C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem van Wees
- Abbott Healthcare Products B.V. (formerly Solvay Pharmaceuticals B.V.), C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Hoeve
- Abbott Healthcare Products B.V. (formerly Solvay Pharmaceuticals B.V.), C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Rob P. van de Woestijne
- Abbott Healthcare Products B.V. (formerly Solvay Pharmaceuticals B.V.), C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Martina A. W. van der Neut
- Abbott Healthcare Products B.V. (formerly Solvay Pharmaceuticals B.V.), C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Alice J. M. Borst
- Abbott Healthcare Products B.V. (formerly Solvay Pharmaceuticals B.V.), C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J. P. van Dongen
- Abbott Healthcare Products B.V. (formerly Solvay Pharmaceuticals B.V.), C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja M. W. J. de Bruin
- Abbott Healthcare Products B.V. (formerly Solvay Pharmaceuticals B.V.), C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Hiskias G. Keizer
- Abbott Healthcare Products B.V. (formerly Solvay Pharmaceuticals B.V.), C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Chris G. Kruse
- Abbott Healthcare Products B.V. (formerly Solvay Pharmaceuticals B.V.), C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
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Rigidized 1-aryl sulfonyl tryptamines: Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation as 5-HT6 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4577-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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