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Allen JM, Hodinka BL, Hall HM, Leonard KM, Williams TD. Flexible growth and body mass predict physiological condition at fledging in the synchronously breeding European starling, Sturnus vulgaris. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220583. [PMID: 35706664 PMCID: PMC9174708 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported beneficial carryover effects of juvenile development that predict interspecific survival differences at independence. Yet, traits relating to body size (i.e. morphological traits) have proven to be unreliable predictors of juvenile survival within species. Exploring individual variation of growth trajectories and how they covary with physiology could reveal species-specific developmental modes which have implications for our assessments of juvenile quality. Here, we investigated morphological development of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) approaching fledging in relation to three components of physiological condition at independence: aerobic capacity, energy state and oxidative status. We found evidence of flexible mass and wing growth which independently covaried with fledgling energy state and aerobic capacity, respectively. By comparison, tarsus and wing length at fledging were unrelated to any physiological trait, while mass was positively associated with principal component scores that comprised aerobic capacity and energy state. Thus, flexible growth trajectories were consistent with 'developmental plasticity': adaptive pre-fledging mass recession and compensatory wing growth, which seemingly came at a physiological cost, while fledgling body mass positively reflected overall physiological condition. This highlights how patterns of growth and absolute size may differently reflect fledgling physiology, potentially leading to variable relationships between morphological traits and juvenile fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Allen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brett L. Hodinka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hannah M. Hall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kathryn M. Leonard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tony D. Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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Strategic growth in social vertebrates. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:694-705. [PMID: 35484023 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Individual differences in growth and size of vertebrates often represent adaptive, plastic responses to contrasts in ecological conditions. Recent studies show that vertebrates can also modify their growth and size in an adaptive fashion in response to fine-grain changes in social conditions (which we refer to as strategic growth). Here, we review experimental evidence for strategic growth in social vertebrates. We describe a set of conditions under which strategic growth commonly occurs, and highlight potential examples of convergent evolution of strategic growth across the tree of life. This synthesis has implications for the way we think about organismal growth and size, because it underscores that the size of individuals can often be fine-tuned to their social environment.
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OUP accepted manuscript. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Remeš V, Matysioková B, Vrána J. Adaptation and constraint shape the evolution of growth patterns in passerine birds across the globe. Front Zool 2020; 17:29. [PMID: 33005206 PMCID: PMC7526225 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-020-00377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Growth trajectories should be adapted to selective factors of each species’ environment. However, major shaping forces of growth and development are unclear, especially when studying several traits at once. Birds provide an ideal opportunity to analyze growth patterns across species due to there being enough available data. We tested the relative importance of nest predation risk, the number of care-givers, nest height, foraging substrate, clutch size, and latitude on growth patterns of passerine birds (Passeriformes) using phylogenetic comparative methods. Specifically, we studied the evolution of fledging time, average and peak growth rates, and relative development at fledging of body mass and tarsus, wing, and tail length. Results Using a comprehensive literature search and data quality control, we obtained data on growth in 231 species based on 295 populations. Species with long development in the nest grew slowly and had well-developed traits at fledging. Species breeding under high nest predation risk, building their nests close to the ground, and those living in northern temperate regions fledged early and grew fast, sometimes fledging with less developed body mass and traits critical for locomotion (tarsus, wing, and tail). On the other hand, the number of caring adults, clutch size, and species’ foraging substrate had very limited predictive value for growth patterns across passerine species. Conclusions Shortening of the nestling period was a primary means of accelerating development (in relation to nest predation, nest height, and latitude), sometimes supplemented by higher peak growth rates of body mass, tarsus, and wing (especially in relation to latitude). Overall growth patterns of passerines were adaptively tuned to nest predation risk and nest height, with northern temperate species having especially short nestling periods and fast growth rates of body mass, tarsus, and wing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Remeš
- Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12800 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Beata Matysioková
- Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vrána
- Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Mouton JC, Tobalske BW, Wright NA, Martin TE. Risk of predation on offspring reduces parental provisioning, but not flight performance or survival across early life stages. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James C. Mouton
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit University of Montana Missoula MT USA
| | - Bret W. Tobalske
- Field Research Station at Fort Missoula Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula MT USA
| | - Natalie A. Wright
- Field Research Station at Fort Missoula Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula MT USA
- Department of Biology Kenyon College Gambier OH USA
| | - Thomas E. Martin
- U.S. Geological Survey Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit University of Montana Missoula MT USA
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Sex-specific patterns of minimal compensation of care during and after short term mate removal in biparental blue tits. Behav Processes 2020; 173:104026. [PMID: 31987847 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2019.104026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Early theoretical models predicted that over evolutionary timescales, changes in effort by one biparental parent should result in incomplete compensation by the other. Empirical studies, however, report responses ranging from no compensation through to complete compensation which may mean that parents respond to each other's efforts over short time scales, as predicted by some recent theoretical models. Few studies have examined behavioural changes over short time periods which mimic the onset of reduced effort so we removed one blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) parent for 20 min during nestling provisioning. We then quantified the provisioning rates of both parents for 60 min 'pre-removal', the non-removed partner during the 20 min 'removal' period and both parents for 60 min 'post-removal'. When compared to pre-removal, both sexes reduced their provisioning rates during the removal stage and also during the post-removal stage. There were, however, sex-specific provisioning patterns in the hour after the parent was returned because after females were released, males began provisioning at a relatively high rate and then maintained that rate across the hour after removal whereas after males were released, females began provisioning at a low rate but significantly increased thereafter. There was no long term effect on offspring fitness, which probably reflects the short time parents were removed and so we conclude that parents with biparental care adjust their provisioning rates to successfully overcome very short term decreases in care.
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Podofillini S, Cecere JG, Griggio M, Corti M, De Capua EL, Parolini M, Saino N, Serra L, Rubolini D. Benefits of extra food to reproduction depend on maternal condition. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Podofillini
- Dipto di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Univ. degli Studi di Milano via Celoria 26, IT‐20133 Milano Italy
| | - Jacopo G. Cecere
- Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA) Ozzano Emilia (BO) Italy
| | - Matteo Griggio
- Dipto di Biologia, Univ. degli Studi di Padova Padova Italy
| | - Margherita Corti
- Dipto di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Univ. degli Studi di Milano via Celoria 26, IT‐20133 Milano Italy
| | | | - Marco Parolini
- Dipto di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Univ. degli Studi di Milano via Celoria 26, IT‐20133 Milano Italy
| | - Nicola Saino
- Dipto di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Univ. degli Studi di Milano via Celoria 26, IT‐20133 Milano Italy
| | - Lorenzo Serra
- Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA) Ozzano Emilia (BO) Italy
| | - Diego Rubolini
- Dipto di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Univ. degli Studi di Milano via Celoria 26, IT‐20133 Milano Italy
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Krause ET, Krüger O, Schielzeth H. Long-term effects of early nutrition and environmental matching on developmental and personality traits in zebra finches. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mainwaring MC, Hartley IR. Local weather conditions have complex effects on the growth of blue tit nestlings. J Therm Biol 2016; 60:12-9. [PMID: 27503711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adverse weather conditions are expected to result in impaired nestling development in birds, but empirical studies have provided equivocal support for such a relationship. This may be because the negative effects of adverse weather conditions are masked by parental effects. Globally, ambient temperatures, rainfall levels and wind speeds are all expected to increase in a changing climate and so there is a need for a better understanding of the relationship between weather conditions and nestling growth. Here, we describe a correlative study that examined the relationships between local temperatures, rainfall levels and wind speeds and the growth of individual blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) nestlings in relation to their hatching order and sex. We found that changes in a range of morphological characters were negatively related to both temperature and wind speed, but positively related to rainfall. These patterns were further influenced by the hatching order of the nestlings but not by nestling sex. This suggests that the predicted changes in local weather conditions may have complex effects on nestling growth, but that parents may be able to mitigate the adverse effects via adaptive parental effects. We therefore conclude that local weather conditions have complex effects on avian growth and the implications for patterns of avian growth in a changing climate are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Mainwaring
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | - Ian R Hartley
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
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Trillmich F, Spiller I, Naguib M, Krause ET. Patient Parents: Do Offspring Decide on the Timing of Fledging in Zebra Finches? Ethology 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Trillmich
- Department of Animal Behaviour; University of Bielefeld; Bielefeld Germany
| | - Inka Spiller
- Department of Animal Behaviour; University of Bielefeld; Bielefeld Germany
| | - Marc Naguib
- Behavioural Ecology Group; Wageningen University; Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Eike Tobias Krause
- Department of Animal Behaviour; University of Bielefeld; Bielefeld Germany
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut; Celle Germany
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Mainwaring MC, Hartley IR, Lambrechts MM, Deeming DC. The design and function of birds' nests. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:3909-28. [PMID: 25505520 PMCID: PMC4242575 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
All birds construct nests in which to lay eggs and/or raise offspring. Traditionally, it was thought that natural selection and the requirement to minimize the risk of predation determined the design of completed nests. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that sexual selection also influences nest design. This is an important development as while species such as bowerbirds build structures that are extended phenotypic signals whose sole purpose is to attract a mate, nests contain eggs and/or offspring, thereby suggesting a direct trade-off between the conflicting requirements of natural and sexual selection. Nest design also varies adaptively in order to both minimize the detrimental effects of parasites and to create a suitable microclimate for parents and developing offspring in relation to predictable variation in environmental conditions. Our understanding of the design and function of birds' nests has increased considerably in recent years, and the evidence suggests that nests have four nonmutually exclusive functions. Consequently, we conclude that the design of birds' nests is far more sophisticated than previously realized and that nests are multifunctional structures that have important fitness consequences for the builder/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Mainwaring
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ian R Hartley
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, U.K
| | - Marcel M Lambrechts
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CEFE UMR 5175, Campus CNRS 1919 Route de Mende, F-34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - D Charles Deeming
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln Riseholme, Park, Lincoln, LN2 2LG, U.K
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14
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Effects of parental and own early developmental conditions on the phenotype in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Evol Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-013-9674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Mainwaring MC, Hartley IR. Hatching asynchrony and offspring sex influence the subsequent exploratory behaviour of zebra finches. Anim Behav 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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