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Sun M, Feng Q, Yan Q, Zhao H, Wang H, Zhang S, Shan C, Liu S, Wang J, Zhai H. Malate, a natural inhibitor of 6PGD, improves the efficacy of chemotherapy in lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2024; 190:107541. [PMID: 38531154 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2024.107541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic reprogramming is an important coordinator of tumor development and resistance to therapy, such as the tendency of tumor cells to utilize glycolytic energy rather than oxidative phosphorylation, even under conditions of sufficient oxygen. Therefore, targeting metabolic enzymes is an effective strategy to overcome therapeutic resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS We explored the differential expression and growth-promoting function of MDH2 by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting experiments in lung cancer patients and lung cancer cells. Pentose phosphate pathway-related phenotypes (including ROS levels, NADPH levels, and DNA synthesis) were detected intracellularly, and the interaction of malate and proteinase 6PGD was detected in vitro. In vivo experiments using implanted xenograft mouse models to explore the growth inhibitory effect and pro-chemotherapeutic function of dimethyl malate (DMM) on lung cancer. RESULTS We found that the expression of malate dehydrogenase (MDH2) in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) was increased in lung cancer. Biological function enrichment analysis revealed that MDH2 not only promoted oxidative phosphorylation, but also promoted the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP pathway). Mechanistically, it was found that malate, the substrate of MDH2, can bind to the PPP pathway metabolic enzyme 6PGD, inhibit its activity, reduce the generation of NADPH, and block DNA synthesis. More importantly, DMM can improve the sensitivity of lung cancer to the clinical drug cisplatin. CONCLUSION We have identified malate as a natural inhibitor of 6PGD, which will provide new leads for the development of 6PGD inhibitors. In addition, the metabolic enzyme MDH2 and the metabolite malate may provide a backup option for cells to inhibit their own carcinogenesis, as the accumulated malate targets 6PGD to block the PPP pathway and inhibit cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huifang Zhao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Physical Examination, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, 220 Chenglin Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Changliang Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hongyan Zhai
- Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China.
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Wang Y, Deng Q, Gao Z, Liu G, Su Z, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Yang H. Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of sunitinib and Sutent ® in Chinese healthy subjects: an open-label, randomized, crossover study. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1294688. [PMID: 38026975 PMCID: PMC10667676 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1294688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the pharmacokinetics (PK), bioequivalence and safety of generic sunitinib and its original product Sutent® in healthy Chinese subjects through a phase-I clinical trial. Methods: The study selected two groups of 24 healthy Chinese subjects in a 1:1 ratio through random allocation. Each participant received either 12.5 mg of sunitinib or Sutent® per cycle. A total of 15 different time points were employed for blood sample collection during each cycle. Furthermore, a comprehensive assessment of the drugs' safety was consistently maintained throughout the trial. Results: The average adjusted geometric mean ratios (GMR) (90% CI) for the primary PK parameters Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were 97.04% (93.06%-101.19%), 98.45% (93.27%-103.91%) and 98.22% (93.15%-103.56%), respectively. The adjusted GMRs for essential pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters all met the requirements for bioequivalence, with values within the acceptable range of 80%-125%. In addition, the two drugs showed comparable results for the other PK parameters. These results indicate that the two drugs were bioequivalent. Furthermore, both drugs showed well safety. Conclusion: The research results proved that the PK and safety profiles of sunitinib in healthy Chinese subjects were comparable to those of Sutent®. These results advocate the clinical application of generic sunitinib as a potential alternative to original product Sutent® in the treatment of certain medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qiaohuan Deng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhenyue Gao
- Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangwen Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhengjie Su
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lixiu Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haimiao Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Copper(II)-Sunitinib Complex: Molecular Docking, DFT Studies, Hirshfeld Analysis and Cytotoxicity Studies. INORGANICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this work was to report the synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity study of a novel copper(II)-sunitinib complex, CuSun. It has been synthesized and characterized in solid state and in solution by different methods (such as DFT, FTIR, Raman, UV-vis, EPR, NMR, etc.). The solid-state molecular structure of trichlorosunitinibcopper(II), where sunitinib: N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-5-[(Z)-(5-fluoro-2-oxo-1H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide, for short Cu(Sun)Cl3, was determined by X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with a = 7.9061(5) Å, b = 12.412(1) Å, c = 13.7005(8) Å, α = 105.021(6)°, β = 106.744(5)°, γ = 91.749(5)°, and Z = 2 molecules per unit cell. Also, we have found π-π interactions and classic and non-classic H-bonds in the crystal structure by using Hirshfeld surface analysis. In the speciation studies, the complex has dissociated in protonated sunitinib and chlorocomplex of copper(II), according to 1HNMR, EPR, UV-vis and conductimetric analysis. Molecular docking of the complex in both, ATP binding site and allosteric site of VEGFR2 have shown no improvement in comparison to the free ligand. Besides, cytotoxicity assay on HepG2 cell line shows similar activity for complex and ligand in the range between 1–25 μM supporting the data obtained from studies in solution.
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El-Hussieny M, El-Sayed NF, Fouad MA, Ewies EF. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of new sulfonamide-based indolinone derivatives as multitargeted kinase inhibitors against leukemia. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105421. [PMID: 34666258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Series of novel sulfonamide-based 3-indolinones 3a-m and 4a-f were designed, synthesized and then their cytotoxic activity was evaluated against a panel of sixty cancer cell lines. This screening indicated that 4-(2-(5-fluoro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)acetyl)phenyl benzenesulfonate (4f) possessed promising cytotoxicity against CCRF-CEM and SR leukemia cell lines with IC50 values 6.84 and 2.97 µM, respectively. Further investigation of the leukemic cytotoxicity of compound 4f was carried out by performing PDGFRα, VEGFR2, Aurora A/B and FLT3 enzyme assays and CCRF-CEM and SR cell cycle analysis. These investigations showed that compound 4f exhibited pronounced dual inhibition of both kinases PDGFRα and Aurora A with potency of 24.15 and 11.83 nM, respectively. The in vitro results were supported by molecular docking studies in order to explore its binding affinity and its key amino acids interactions. This work represents compound 4f as a promising anticancer agent against leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa El-Hussieny
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 ElBohouth St., (Former El Tahrir) Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Naglaa F El-Sayed
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 ElBohouth St., (Former El Tahrir) Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, New Giza University, Newgiza, km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ewies F Ewies
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 ElBohouth St., (Former El Tahrir) Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
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Ayala-Aguilera CC, Valero T, Lorente-Macías Á, Baillache DJ, Croke S, Unciti-Broceta A. Small Molecule Kinase Inhibitor Drugs (1995-2021): Medical Indication, Pharmacology, and Synthesis. J Med Chem 2021; 65:1047-1131. [PMID: 34624192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The central role of dysregulated kinase activity in the etiology of progressive disorders, including cancer, has fostered incremental efforts on drug discovery programs over the past 40 years. As a result, kinase inhibitors are today one of the most important classes of drugs. The FDA approved 73 small molecule kinase inhibitor drugs until September 2021, and additional inhibitors were approved by other regulatory agencies during that time. To complement the published literature on clinical kinase inhibitors, we have prepared a review that recaps this large data set into an accessible format for the medicinal chemistry community. Along with the therapeutic and pharmacological properties of each kinase inhibitor approved across the world until 2020, we provide the synthesis routes originally used during the discovery phase, many of which were only available in patent applications. In the last section, we also provide an update on kinase inhibitor drugs approved in 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia C Ayala-Aguilera
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Valero
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Álvaro Lorente-Macías
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Baillache
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Croke
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
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Zhao G, Deng Z, Yang W, Li F, Wang L, Song Y, Zhao X, Sheng H, Hu Y. Solubility and thermodynamic parameters of 5-Fluoro-2-oxindole in nine pure solvents and binary solvent mixtures at T = (278.15–323.15) K. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sodeifian G, Razmimanesh F, Sajadian SA. Prediction of solubility of sunitinib malate (an anti-cancer drug) in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC–CO2): Experimental correlations and thermodynamic modeling. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Xie F, Xiao W, Jiang Y, Xia X, Wang Y. Relationship between efficacy of sunitinib and KIT mutation of patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors after failure of imatinib: A systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15478. [PMID: 31083182 PMCID: PMC6531104 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of studies have shown that KIT mutations are closely related to the prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). At the same time, sunitinib (SU) has become the second-line recommended drug for GISTs because of its efficacy. We initiated a systematic review to compare the efficacy of SU after failure of Imatinib (IM) in different KIT mutations. METHODS We searched for SU-treated patients with advanced GISTs after failed IM treatment by using databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, up to March 2018. We conducted statistical analyses to calculate the odds ratio (OR), hazard ratio (HR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) using fixed-effects and random-effects models by Review Manager 5.3 software. RESULTS We included a total of 474 patients from 3 retrospective studies and 2 cohort studies. Patients with exon 9 mutations had higher clinical benefit (OR = 2.61, 95% CIs = 1.32-5.18, P = .006) rates and longer progression-free survival (progressive disease, HR = 0.51, 95% CIs = 0.36-0.72, P = .0001) compared with exon 11, but there was no statistically significant difference in overall survival (OS, HR = 0.93, 95% CIs = 0.34-2.55, P = .89) and there was greater heterogeneity (Tau = 0.72, Chi = 21.45, df = 3, P < .001, I = 86%). Subgroup analysis suggests that race may be one of the sources of heterogeneity. CONCLUSION The results show that efficacy of SU is closely associated with KIT genotypes in GISTs. Moreover, racial factor also directly affects the prognosis of different KIT mutational status, so GISTs patients of different genotypes might also consider the use of targeted drugs in consideration of ethnic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuming Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yahui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Xiao Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Yaxu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
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Dasatinib/HP-β-CD Inclusion Complex Based Aqueous Formulation as a Promising Tool for the Treatment of Paediatric Neuromuscular Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030591. [PMID: 30704045 PMCID: PMC6386909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
New scientific findings have recently shown that dasatinib (DAS), the first-choice oral drug in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) for adult patients who are resistant or intolerant to imatinib, is also potentially useful in the paediatric age. Moreover, recent preclinical evidences suggest that this drug could be useful for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, since it targets cSrc tyrosin kinase. Based on these considerations, the purpose of this work was to use the strategy of complexation with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) in order to obtain an aqueous preparation of DAS, which is characterized by a low water solubility (6.49 × 10−4 mg/mL). Complexation studies demonstrated that HP-β-CD is able to form a stable host-guest inclusion complex with DAS with a 1:1 apparent formation constant of 922.13 M−1, as also demonstrated by the Job’s plot, with an increase in DAS aqueous solubility of about 21 times in the presence of 6% w/v of HP-β-CD (0.014 mg/mL). The inclusion complex has been prepared in the solid state by lyophilization and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) techniques, and its dissolution profile was studied at different pH values. Moreover, in view of potential use of DAS for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the cytotoxic effect of the inclusion complex has been assessed on C2C12 cells, a murine muscle satellite cell line. In parallel, a one-week oral treatment was performed in wild type C57Bl/6J mice to test both palatability and the exposure levels of the new oral formulation of the compound. In conclusion, this new inclusion complex could allow the development of a liquid and solvent free formulation to be administered both orally and parenterally, especially in the case of an administration in paediatric age.
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A novel self-nanoemulsifying formulation for sunitinib: Evaluation of anticancer efficacy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 160:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Scrivano L, Iacopetta D, Sinicropi MS, Saturnino C, Longo P, Parisi OI, Puoci F. Synthesis of sericin-based conjugates by click chemistry: enhancement of sunitinib bioavailability and cell membrane permeation. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:482-490. [PMID: 28181828 PMCID: PMC8240991 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1267822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sericin is a natural protein that has been used in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields as raw material for polypeptide-based drug delivery systems (DDSs). In this paper, it has been employed as pharmaceutical biopolymer for the production of sunitinib-polypeptide conjugate. The synthesis has been carried out by simple click reaction in water, using the redox couple l-ascorbic acid/hydrogen peroxide as a free radical grafting initiator. The bioconjugate molecular weight (50 kDa < Mw < 75 kDa) was obtained by SDS-PAGE, while the spectroscopic characteristics have been studied in order to reveal the presence of grafted sunitinib. In both FT-IR and UV/Vis spectra, signals corresponding to sunitinib functional groups have been identified. Since sunitinib is an anticancer drug characterized by low bioavailability and low permeability, the bioconjugation aimed at their enhancement. In vitro studies demonstrated that bioavailability has been increased to almost 74%, compared with commercial formulation. Also cell membrane permeability has been augmented in in vitro tests, in which membrane models have been used to determine the lipid membrane/physiological fluid partition coefficient (Kp). The log(Kp) value of the bioconjugate was increased to over 4. This effect resulted in a three-fold decrease of IC50 value against MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Scrivano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Carmela Saturnino
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy, and
| | - Pasquale Longo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Ortensia Ilaria Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Francesco Puoci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
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Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of 5-Bromo-7-azaindolin-2-one Derivatives Containing a 2,4-Dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide Moiety. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121674. [PMID: 27929442 PMCID: PMC6274105 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report herein the design and synthesis of a series of novel 5-bromo-7-azaindolin-2-one derivatives containing a 2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide moiety. These newly synthesized derivatives were evaluated for in vitro activity against selected cancer cell lines by MTT assay. Results revealed that some compounds exhibit broad-spectrum antitumor potency, and the most active compound 23p (IC50: 2.357-3.012 μM) was found more potent than Sunitinib (IC50: 31.594-49.036 μM) against HepG2, A549 and Skov-3, respectively.
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Korashy HM, Ansari MA, Maayah ZH, Imam F, Raish M, Attafi IM, Alharbi NO, Moraished BA. Differential Effects of Sunitinib on the Expression Profiles of Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters in Rat Liver and Kidneys. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119:173-83. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hesham M. Korashy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A. Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaid H. Maayah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Imam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibraheem M. Attafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif O. Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader A. Moraished
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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Korashy HM, Al-Suwayeh HA, Maayah ZH, Ansari MA, Ahmad SF, Bakheet SA. Mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways mediate the sunitinib-induced hypertrophy in rat cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2015; 15:41-51. [PMID: 24984876 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-014-9266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sunitinib (SUN) is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors and renal cell carcinoma. Cardiotoxicity has been reported as a significant side effect associated with the SUN treatment, yet the mechanism is poorly understood. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the potential effects of SUN on cardiac hypertrophic genes and the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway in rat cardiomyocyte H9c2 cell line. In the present study, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that the treatment of H9c2 cells with increasing concentrations of SUN (0, 1, 2.5, and 5 µM) significantly induced hypertrophic gene markers, such as brain natriuretic peptides (BNP) and myosin heavy chain (β-MHC and α-MHC) in concentration- and time-dependent manners. The onset of mRNA induction was observed as early as 9 h and remained elevated for at least 18 h after treatment with SUN 5 µM. At the protein level, Western blot analysis showed that SUN increased BNP and β-MHC, while it inhibited α-MHC protein levels in a concentration-dependent manner. These SUN-mediated effects were associated with increase in cell size and hypertrophy by approximately 70 % at the highest concentration, 5 µM. Importantly, inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway using SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), U0126 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor), and SP600125 (c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase inhibitor) significantly potentiated the SUN-induced BNP and β-MHC mRNA levels, but did alter the α-MHC level. Whereas at the protein level, MAPK inhibitors generally decreased the SUN-induced BNP, whereas only SB and U0 increased β-MHC protein levels with no effect on α-MHC, which were associated with a significant decrease in cell size. Together, these results indicate that SUN induced hypertrophic gene expression through MAPK-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Mohamed Korashy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,
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Development of cardiac hypertrophy by sunitinib in vivo and in vitro rat cardiomyocytes is influenced by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway. Arch Toxicol 2013; 88:725-38. [PMID: 24247421 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sunitinib (SUN) is a new tyrosine kinase inhibitor that possesses both anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities. Although SUN has improved survival rate in cancer patients, cardiotoxicity has been reported as a significant side effect. Several studies suggested a role for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and its regulated genes such as cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) in the pathogenesis of heart failure and cardiac hypertrophy. To test the hypothesis that SUN induces cardiac hypertrophy through the modulation of AhR, Wistar albino rats were treated for 15 and 30 days with increasing doses of SUN (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg), whereas at the in vitro level, rat cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells were incubated with SUN (1, 2.5, and 5 μM). Thereafter, cardiac hypertrophy parameters were determined at the biochemical, histopathology, and gene expression levels. SUN treatment causes increase in cardiac enzymes, changes in histopathology, and induction in several hypertrophic markers. This was associated with proportional increase in the CYP1A1 gene in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The direct involvement of AhR in the SUN-induced cardiac hypertrophy in H9c2 cells was supported by the ability of resveratrol, an AhR antagonist, to block the SUN-induced hypertrophy and the ability of SB203580, a novel AhR agonist, to potentiate SUN-induced hypertrophic genes. This is the first demonstration that SUN induces hypertrophic genes in vivo and in vitro rat cardiomyocyte through AhR/CYP1A1-mediated mechanism.
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Maayah ZH, El Gendy MAM, El-Kadi AO, Korashy HM. Sunitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, induces cytochrome P450 1A1 gene in human breast cancer MCF7 cells through ligand-independent aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:847-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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