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Steffen A, Xiong Y, Georgieva R, Kalus U, Bäumler H. Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:114-126. [PMID: 35145832 PMCID: PMC8805039 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobin microparticles (HbMP) produced with a three-step procedure, including coprecipitation of hemoglobin with manganese carbonate, protein cross-linking, and dissolution of the carbonate template were shown to be suitable for application as artificial oxygen carriers. First preclinical safety investigations delivered promising results. Bacterial safety plays a decisive role during the production of HbMP. Therefore, the bioburden and endotoxin content of the starting materials (especially hemoglobin) and the final particle suspension are intensively tested. However, some bacteria may not be detected by standard tests due to low concentration. The aim of this study was to investigate how these bacteria would behave in the fabrication process. Biocidal effects are known for glutaraldehyde and for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, chemicals that are used in the fabrication process of HbMP. It was shown that both chemicals prevent bacterial growth at the concentrations used during HbMP fabrication. In addition, the particle production was carried out with hemoglobin solutions spiked with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus epidermidis. No living bacteria could be detected in the final particle suspensions. Therefore, we conclude that the HbMP fabrication procedure is safe in respect of bacterial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Steffen
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yu Xiong
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Radostina Georgieva
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medical Physics, Biophysics and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Ulrich Kalus
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Bäumler
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Drews SJ, Van Caeseele P, Bullard J, Lindsay LR, Gaziano T, Zeller MP, Lane D, Ndao M, Allen VG, Boggild AK, O'Brien SF, Marko D, Musuka C, Almiski M, Bigham M. Babesia microti in a Canadian blood donor and lookback in a red blood cell recipient. Vox Sang 2021; 117:438-441. [PMID: 34462920 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We describe the third documented case of autochthonous human babesiosis in Canada and the second in a Canadian blood donor. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multiple laboratory investigations were carried out on the donor and the immunocompromised recipient of an associated, potentially infectious red blood cell product. RESULTS The donor had not travelled except for outdoor exposure in south-eastern Manitoba, followed by illness and hospital admission. The donor had a notable parasitaemia, positive for Babesia microti using whole blood nucleic acid testing (NAT). The recipient was negative for B. microti by both serology and NAT. CONCLUSION There was no evidence of transfusion-transmitted babesiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Drews
- Microbiology, Donation Policy and Studies, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Jared Bullard
- Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - L Robbin Lindsay
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Teresa Gaziano
- Medical Laboratory and Stem Cell Services, Canadian Blood Services, Brampton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle P Zeller
- Medical Laboratory and Stem Cell Services, Canadian Blood Services, Ancaster, Ontario, Canada.,McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Debra Lane
- Medical Laboratory and Stem Cell Services, Canadian Blood Services, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Momar Ndao
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vanessa G Allen
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea K Boggild
- Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheila F O'Brien
- Epidemiology and Surveillance, Donation Policy and Studies, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Marko
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Shared Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Charles Musuka
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Shared Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Muhamad Almiski
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Shared Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mark Bigham
- Medical Laboratory and Stem Cell Services, Canadian Blood Services, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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