1
|
Rosic N, Climstein M, Boyle GM, Thanh Nguyen D, Feng Y. Exploring Mycosporine-like Amino Acid UV-Absorbing Natural Products for a New Generation of Environmentally Friendly Sunscreens. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21040253. [PMID: 37103392 PMCID: PMC10142268 DOI: 10.3390/md21040253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin needs additional protection from damaging ultraviolet radiation (UVR: 280-400 nm). Harmful UVR exposure leads to DNA damage and the development of skin cancer. Available sunscreens offer chemical protection from detrimental sun radiation to a certain extent. However, many synthetic sunscreens do not provide sufficient UVR protection due to the lack of photostability of their UV-absorbing active ingredients and/or the lack of ability to prevent the formation of free radicals, inevitably leading to skin damage. In addition, synthetic sunscreens may negatively affect human skin, causing irritation, accelerating skin aging and even resulting in allergic reactions. Beyond the potential negative effect on human health, some synthetic sunscreens have been shown to have a harmful impact on the environment. Consequently, identifying photostable, biodegradable, non-toxic, and renewable natural UV filters is imperative to address human health needs and provide a sustainable environmental solution. In nature, marine, freshwater, and terrestrial organisms are protected from harmful UVR through several important photoprotective mechanisms, including the synthesis of UV-absorbing compounds such as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). Beyond MAAs, several other promising, natural UV-absorbing products could be considered for the future development of natural sunscreens. This review investigates the damaging impact of UVR on human health and the necessity of using sunscreens for UV protection, specifically UV-absorbing natural products that are more environmentally friendly than synthetic UV filters. Critical challenges and limitations related to using MAAs in sunscreen formulations are also evaluated. Furthermore, we explain how the genetic diversity of MAA biosynthetic pathways may be linked to their bioactivities and assess MAAs' potential for applications in human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nedeljka Rosic
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, QLD 4225, Australia
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Research (PASER) Theme, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, QLD 4225, Australia
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing, Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Glen M Boyle
- Cancer Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Duy Thanh Nguyen
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Yunjiang Feng
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hahn EG. Integrative medicine and health in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. GMS JOURNAL FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 38:Doc46. [PMID: 33763531 PMCID: PMC7958908 DOI: 10.3205/zma001442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Background and objective: Integrative Medicine and Health (IMH) is a theory-based paradigm shift for health, disease and health care, which can probably only be achieved by supplementing medical roles and competences. Definition of IMH: The definitions of the Academic Consortium for Integrative Medicineand Health 2015 and the so-called Berlin Agreement: Self-Responsibility and Social Action in Practicing and Fostering Integrative Medicine and Health Globally are used. The basic features of evidence-based Integrative Medicine and Health (EB-IMH) are based on the recommendations on EBM by David L. Sackett. Global State of Undergraduate and Postgraduate Medical Education (UG-PGME) for IMH: The USA and Canada are most advanced in the development of IMH regarding practice, teaching and research worldwide. Despite socio-cultural peculiarities, they can provide guidance for Europe and especially for Germany. Of interest here are competences for UG-PGME in IMH in primary care and in some specialist disciplines (e.g. internal medicine, gynecology, pediatrics, geriatrics, oncology, palliative care). For these specialties, the need for an interprofessional UG-PGME for IMH was shown in the early stages of development. UG-PGME for IMH in Germany: In the course of the development of the new Medical Licensure Act in Germany (ÄApprO), based on a revision of the National Competence-based Catalogue of Learning Objectives for Medicine (NKLM 2.0) and new regulations for Postgraduate Medical Education in Germany, suggestions for an extension of UG-PGME are particularly topical. To some extent there are already approaches to IMH. Old and new regulations are set out and are partly compared. As a result, some essential elements of IMH are mapped in the new ÄApprO. The new regulations for Postgraduate Medical Education do not mention IMH. Conclusion: The development of medical competences for IMH in the continuum of the UG-PGME could be supported by the coordinated introduction of appropriate entrustable professional activities (EPA) and IMH sub-competences combined with appropriate assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eckhart Georg Hahn
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Medicine 1, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Naiman R. Dreamless: the silent epidemic of REM sleep loss. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1406:77-85. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubin Naiman
- The University of Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine; Tucson Arizona
| |
Collapse
|