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Lin HC, Wu YH, Huang CW, Ker MD. Verification of the beta oscillations in the subthalamic nucleus of the MPTP-induced parkinsonian minipig model. Brain Res 2022; 1798:148165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Steinmüller JB, Binda KH, Lillethorup TP, Søgaard B, Orlowski D, Landau AM, Bjarkam CR, Sørensen JCH, Glud AN. Quantitative assessment of motor function in minipig models of neurological disorders using a pressure-sensitive gait mat. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 380:109678. [PMID: 35872152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bech Steinmüller
- CENSE, Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, Entrance J, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Neurosurgery, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Hobrovej 18-22, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Karina Henrique Binda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-Center, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, Entrance J, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 13, 2B, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thea Pinholt Lillethorup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-Center, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, Entrance J, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 13, 2B, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjarke Søgaard
- CENSE, Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, Entrance J, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Dariusz Orlowski
- CENSE, Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, Entrance J, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Anne M Landau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-Center, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, Entrance J, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 13, 2B, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carsten Reidies Bjarkam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Hobrovej 18-22, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens Christian Hedemann Sørensen
- CENSE, Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, Entrance J, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Andreas Nørgaard Glud
- CENSE, Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, Entrance J, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Steinmüller JB, Bjarkam CR, Orlowski D, Sørensen JCH, Glud AN. Anterograde Tracing From the Göttingen Minipig Motor and Prefrontal Cortex Displays a Topographic Subthalamic and Striatal Axonal Termination Pattern Comparable to Previous Findings in Primates. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:716145. [PMID: 34899195 PMCID: PMC8661455 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.716145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the dorsal subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a validated neurosurgical treatment of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). To investigate the mechanism of action, including potential DBS induced neuroplasticity, we have previously used a minipig model of Parkinson’s Disease, although the basal ganglia circuitry was not elucidated in detail. Aim: To describe the cortical projections from the primary motor cortex (M1) to the basal ganglia and confirm the presence of a cortico-striatal pathway and a hyperdirect pathway to the subthalamic nucleus, respectively, which is known to exist in primates. Materials and Methods: Five female Göttingen minipigs were injected into the primary motor cortex (n = 4) and adjacent prefrontal cortex (n = 1) with the anterograde neuronal tracer, Biotinylated Dextran Amine (BDA). 4 weeks later the animals were sacrificed and the brains cryosectioned into 30 μm thick coronal sections for subsequent microscopic analysis. Results: The hyperdirect axonal connections from the primary motor cortex were seen to terminate in the dorsolateral STN, whereas the axonal projections from the prefrontal cortex terminated medially in the STN. Furthermore, striatal tracing from the motor cortex was especially prominent in the dorsolateral putamen and less so in the dorsolateral caudate nucleus. The prefrontal efferents were concentrated mainly in the caudate nucleus and to a smaller degree in the juxtacapsular dorsal putamen, but they were also found in the nucleus accumbens and ventral prefrontal cortex. Discussion: The organization of the Göttingen minipig basal ganglia circuitry is in accordance with previous descriptions in primates. The existence of a cortico-striatal and hyperdirect basal ganglia pathway in this non-primate, large animal model may accordingly permit further translational studies on STN-DBS induced neuroplasticity of major relevance for future DBS treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bech Steinmüller
- CENSE, Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Neurosurgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Dariusz Orlowski
- CENSE, Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Christian Hedemann Sørensen
- CENSE, Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Nørgaard Glud
- CENSE, Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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4
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Zaer H, Deshmukh A, Orlowski D, Fan W, Prouvot PH, Glud AN, Jensen MB, Worm ES, Lukacova S, Mikkelsen TW, Fitting LM, Adler JR, Schneider MB, Jensen MS, Fu Q, Go V, Morizio J, Sørensen JCH, Stroh A. An Intracortical Implantable Brain-Computer Interface for Telemetric Real-Time Recording and Manipulation of Neuronal Circuits for Closed-Loop Intervention. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:618626. [PMID: 33613212 PMCID: PMC7887289 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.618626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recording and manipulating neuronal ensemble activity is a key requirement in advanced neuromodulatory and behavior studies. Devices capable of both recording and manipulating neuronal activity brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) should ideally operate un-tethered and allow chronic longitudinal manipulations in the freely moving animal. In this study, we designed a new intracortical BCI feasible of telemetric recording and stimulating local gray and white matter of visual neural circuit after irradiation exposure. To increase the translational reliance, we put forward a Göttingen minipig model. The animal was stereotactically irradiated at the level of the visual cortex upon defining the target by a fused cerebral MRI and CT scan. A fully implantable neural telemetry system consisting of a 64 channel intracortical multielectrode array, a telemetry capsule, and an inductive rechargeable battery was then implanted into the visual cortex to record and manipulate local field potentials, and multi-unit activity. We achieved a 3-month stability of the functionality of the un-tethered BCI in terms of telemetric radio-communication, inductive battery charging, and device biocompatibility for 3 months. Finally, we could reliably record the local signature of sub- and suprathreshold neuronal activity in the visual cortex with high bandwidth without complications. The ability to wireless induction charging combined with the entirely implantable design, the rather high recording bandwidth, and the ability to record and stimulate simultaneously put forward a wireless BCI capable of long-term un-tethered real-time communication for causal preclinical circuit-based closed-loop interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Zaer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Experimental Neuroscience (CENSE), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ashlesha Deshmukh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Dariusz Orlowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Experimental Neuroscience (CENSE), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Wei Fan
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Nørgaard Glud
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Experimental Neuroscience (CENSE), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Bjørn Jensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Therapy, and Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Schjødt Worm
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Therapy, and Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Slávka Lukacova
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Therapy, and Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine Werenberg Mikkelsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Experimental Neuroscience (CENSE), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lise Moberg Fitting
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Experimental Neuroscience (CENSE), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - John R. Adler
- Zap Surgical Systems, Inc., San Carlos, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - M. Bret Schneider
- Zap Surgical Systems, Inc., San Carlos, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Martin Snejbjerg Jensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Quanhai Fu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Vinson Go
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - James Morizio
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jens Christian Hedemann Sørensen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Experimental Neuroscience (CENSE), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Albrecht Stroh
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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5
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Thomsen MB, Schacht AC, Alstrup AKO, Jacobsen J, Lillethorup TP, Bærentzen SL, Noer O, Orlowski D, Elfving B, Müller HK, Brooks DJ, Landau AM. Preclinical PET Studies of [ 11C]UCB-J Binding in Minipig Brain. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 22:1290-1300. [PMID: 32514885 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Loss of neuronal synapse function is associated with a number of brain disorders. The [11C]UCB-J positron emission tomography (PET) tracer allows for in vivo examination of synaptic density, as it binds to synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) expressed in presynaptic terminals. Here, we characterise [11C]UCB-J imaging in Göttingen minipigs. PROCEDURES Using PET imaging, we examined tracer specificity and compared kinetic models. We explored the use of a standard blood curve and centrum semiovale white matter as a reference region. We compared in vivo [11C]UCB-J PET imaging to in vitro autoradiography, Western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The uptake kinetics of [11C]UCB-J could be described using a 1-tissue compartment model and blocking of SV2A availability with levetiracetam showed dose-dependent specific binding. Population-based blood curves resulted in reliable [11C]UCB-J binding estimates, while it was not possible to use centrum semiovale white matter as a non-specific reference region. Brain [11C]UCB-J PET signals correlated well with [3H]UCB-J autoradiography and SV2A protein levels. CONCLUSIONS [11C]UCB-J PET is a valid in vivo marker of synaptic density in the minipig brain, with binding values close to those reported for humans. Minipig models of disease could be valuable for investigating the efficacy of putative neuroprotective agents for preserving synaptic function in future non-invasive, longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majken Borup Thomsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, J, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Anna Christina Schacht
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, J, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Aage Kristian Olsen Alstrup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, J, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jan Jacobsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, J, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thea Pinholt Lillethorup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, J, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Simone Larsen Bærentzen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, J, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ove Noer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, J, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Dariusz Orlowski
- Center for Experimental Neuroscience (CENSE), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Heidi Kaastrup Müller
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David J Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, J, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Institute of Translational and Clinical Research, Faculty of Medical Science, Newcastle upon Tyne University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anne M Landau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, J, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark. .,Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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6
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Ex vivo diffusion-weighted MRI tractography of the Göttingen minipig limbic system. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1055-1071. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Orlowski D, Glud AN, Palomero-Gallagher N, Sørensen JCH, Bjarkam CR. Online histological atlas of the Göttingen minipig brain. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01363. [PMID: 30949607 PMCID: PMC6429808 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cytoarchitecture of the Göttingen minipig telencephalon has recently been elucidated in the published article (Bjarkam et al., 2017). The aim of the current paper is to describe how such data can be presented in an online histological atlas of the Gottingen minipig brain and how this atlas was constructed. Methods Two sets of histological sections were used. One set was photographed in high resolution and labelled, the other set in low resolution (resized first set) was used for reference on the computer screen. The two sets of microphotographs enable, using the freely available JQuery Image Zoom Plugin, the subsequent construction of a simple HTML-based atlas web page with a “virtual microscope like” style, which allowed magnifying of the base image (low-resolution image) up to the maximum resolution of the high-resolution image. In addition, we describe how the established histological atlas can be accompanied by a set of similar T1-weighted MRI pictures. Results and conclusion Histological and MRI pictures are presented in atlas form on www.cense.dk/minipig_atlas/index.html. The described pipeline represent a cheap and freely available way to present histological images, in online virtual microscopic atlas form, and may thus be of general interest to anyone who would like to present histological data accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Orlowski
- Center for Experimental Neuroscience (Cense), Institute of Clinical Medicine - The Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University, Aarhus Universitetshospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, Indgang J, Plan 1, J118-125, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Andreas N Glud
- Center for Experimental Neuroscience (Cense), Institute of Clinical Medicine - The Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University, Aarhus Universitetshospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, Indgang J, Plan 1, J118-125, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens Christian H Sørensen
- Center for Experimental Neuroscience (Cense), Institute of Clinical Medicine - The Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University, Aarhus Universitetshospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, Indgang J, Plan 1, J118-125, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Universitetshospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, Indgang J, Plan 6, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Carsten R Bjarkam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aalborg University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Hobrovej 18-22, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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Ulyanova AV, Koch PF, Cottone C, Grovola MR, Adam CD, Browne KD, Weber MT, Russo RJ, Gagnon KG, Smith DH, Isaac Chen H, Johnson VE, Kacy Cullen D, Wolf JA. Electrophysiological Signature Reveals Laminar Structure of the Porcine Hippocampus. eNeuro 2018; 5:ENEURO.0102-18.2018. [PMID: 30229132 PMCID: PMC6142048 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0102-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is integral to working and episodic memory and is a central region of interest in diseases affecting these processes. Pig models are widely used in translational research and may provide an excellent bridge between rodents and nonhuman primates for CNS disease models because of their gyrencephalic neuroanatomy and significant white matter composition. However, the laminar structure of the pig hippocampus has not been well characterized. Therefore, we histologically characterized the dorsal hippocampus of Yucatan miniature pigs and quantified the cytoarchitecture of the hippocampal layers. We then utilized stereotaxis combined with single-unit electrophysiological mapping to precisely place multichannel laminar silicon probes into the dorsal hippocampus without the need for image guidance. We used in vivo electrophysiological recordings of simultaneous laminar field potentials and single-unit activity in multiple layers of the dorsal hippocampus to physiologically identify and quantify these layers under anesthesia. Consistent with previous reports, we found the porcine hippocampus to have the expected archicortical laminar structure, with some anatomical and histological features comparable to the rodent and others to the primate hippocampus. Importantly, we found these distinct features to be reflected in the laminar electrophysiology. This characterization, as well as our electrophysiology-based methodology targeting the porcine hippocampal lamina combined with high-channel-count silicon probes, will allow for analysis of spike-field interactions during normal and disease states in both anesthetized and future awake behaving neurophysiology in this large animal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul F. Koch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Carlo Cottone
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michael R. Grovola
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Christopher D. Adam
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kevin D. Browne
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Maura T. Weber
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Robin J. Russo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kimberly G. Gagnon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Douglas H. Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - H. Isaac Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Victoria E. Johnson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - D. Kacy Cullen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - John A. Wolf
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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9
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Meier K, Qerama E, Ettrup KS, Glud AN, Alstrup AKO, Sørensen JCH. Segmental innervation of the Göttingen minipig hind body. An electrophysiological study. J Anat 2018; 233:411-420. [PMID: 30040118 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Göttingen minipig is being used increasingly in biomedical research. The anatomical structure of the porcine peripheral nervous system has been extensively characterized, but no equivalent to the dermatome map, which is so valuable in human neurophysiological research, has been created. We characterized the medullar segmental skin and muscle innervations of the minipig hind body, using neurophysiological methodology. Six adult minipigs underwent unilateral laminectomy from L2 to S3, exposing the nerve roots. The skin of the hind part of the body was divided into 36 predefined fields, based on anatomical landmarks for consistent reproducibility. We recorded the evoked potential in each exposed nerve root L2-S3 for cutaneous stimulation of each skin field, mapping the sensory innervation of the entire hind body. We subsequently recorded the motor response in seven predefined muscles during sequential stimulation of the L2-S3 nerve roots. We obtained a clear sensory evoked potential in the nerve roots during stimulation of the skin fields, allowing us to map the sensory innervation of the minipig hind body. Neurophysiological data from skin stimulation and muscle recordings enabled us to map the sensory innervation of the Göttingen minipig hind body and provide information about muscular innervation. The skin fields were sensory innervated by more than one root. The muscles each had one dominant root with minor contribution from neighboring roots. This is consistent with experimental data from human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaare Meier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Anesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Experimental Neuroscience (CENSE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erisela Qerama
- Department of Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kåre Schmidt Ettrup
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Experimental Neuroscience (CENSE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Nørgaard Glud
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Experimental Neuroscience (CENSE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Christian Hedemann Sørensen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Experimental Neuroscience (CENSE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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10
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Glud AN, Bech J, Tvilling L, Zaer H, Orlowski D, Fitting LM, Ziedler D, Geneser M, Sangill R, Alstrup AKO, Bjarkam CR, Sørensen JCH. A fiducial skull marker for precise MRI-based stereotaxic surgery in large animal models. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 285:45-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Bjarkam CR, Orlowski D, Tvilling L, Bech J, Glud AN, Sørensen JCH. Exposure of the Pig CNS for Histological Analysis: A Manual for Decapitation, Skull Opening, and Brain Removal. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28447999 DOI: 10.3791/55511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs have become increasingly popular in large-animal translational neuroscience research as an economically and ethically feasible substitute to non-human primates. The large brain size of the pig allows the use of conventional clinical brain imagers and the direct use and testing of neurosurgical procedures and equipment from the human clinic. Further macroscopic and histological analysis, however, requires postmortem exposure of the pig central nervous system (CNS) and subsequent brain removal. This is not an easy task, as the pig CNS is encapsulated by a thick, bony skull and spinal column. The goal of this paper and instructional video is to describe how to expose and remove the postmortem pig brain and the pituitary gland in an intact state, suitable for subsequent macroscopic and histological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten R Bjarkam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Institute of Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital;
| | - Dariusz Orlowski
- Center of Experimental Neuroscience (Cense), Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - Laura Tvilling
- Center of Experimental Neuroscience (Cense), Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - Johannes Bech
- Center of Experimental Neuroscience (Cense), Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - Andreas N Glud
- Center of Experimental Neuroscience (Cense), Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - Jens-Christian H Sørensen
- Center of Experimental Neuroscience (Cense), Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital
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Orlowski D, Michalis A, Glud AN, Korshøj AR, Fitting LM, Mikkelsen TW, Mercanzini A, Jordan A, Dransart A, Sørensen JCH. Brain Tissue Reaction to Deep Brain Stimulation-A Longitudinal Study of DBS in the Goettingen Minipig. Neuromodulation 2017; 20:417-423. [PMID: 28220987 DOI: 10.1111/ner.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The use of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in treatment of various brain disorders is constantly growing; however, the number of studies of the reaction of the brain tissue toward implanted leads is still limited. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the impact of DBS leads on brain tissue in a large animal model using minipigs. METHODS Twelve female animals, one control and eleven with bilaterally implanted DBS electrodes were used in our experiment. 3, 6, and 12 months after implantation the animals were sacrificed, perfused and the brains were removed. Tissue blocks containing the lead tracks were dissected, frozen, sectioned into 40 µm sections and stained using Nissl and Eosin, anti-GFAPab or Isolectin. The tissue reaction was analyzed at five levels, following from the distal lead tip, to compare tissue response in stimulated and nonstimulated areas: four segments along each level of electrodes, and the fifth level lying outside the electrode area (control area). The sections were described both qualitatively and quantitatively. Quantitative assessment of the reaction to the implanted electrode was based on the measurement of the area covered by the staining and the thickness of the glial scar. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Tissue reaction was, on average, limited to distance of 500 μm from the lead track. The tissue response after 12 months was weaker than after 6 months confirming that it stabilizes over a time. There was no histological evidence that the stimulated part of the electrode triggered different tissue response than its nonstimulated part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Orlowski
- CENSE group, Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Andreas N Glud
- CENSE group, Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders R Korshøj
- CENSE group, Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lise M Fitting
- CENSE group, Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine W Mikkelsen
- CENSE group, Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Alain Jordan
- Aleva Neurotherapeutics SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Jens C H Sørensen
- CENSE group, Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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13
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Tsintou M, Dalamagkas K, Makris N. Advancing research in regeneration and repair of the motor circuitry: non-human primate models and imaging scales as the missing links for successfully translating injectable therapeutics to the clinic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 3. [PMID: 29600289 DOI: 10.23937/2469-570x/1410042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration and repair is the ultimate goal of therapeutics in trauma of the central nervous system (CNS). Stroke and spinal cord injury (SCI) are two highly prevalent CNS disorders that remain incurable, despite numerous research studies and the clinical need for effective treatments. Neural engineering is a diverse biomedical field, that addresses these diseases using new approaches. Research in the field involves principally rodent models and biologically active, biodegradable hydrogels. Promising results have been reported in preclinical studies of CNS repair, demonstrating the great potential for the development of new treatments for the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerve injury. Several obstacles stand in the way of clinical translation of neuroregeneration research. There seems to be a key gap in the translation of research from rodent models to human applications, namely non-human primate models, which constitute a critical bridging step. Applying injectable therapeutics and multimodal neuroimaging in stroke lesions using experimental rhesus monkey models is an avenue that a few research groups have begun to embark on. Understanding and assessing the changes that the injured brain or spinal cord undergoes after an intervention with biodegradable hydrogels in non-human primates seem to represent critical preclinical research steps. Existing innovative models in non-human primates allow us to evaluate the potential of neural engineering and injectable hydrogels. The results of these preliminary studies will pave the way for translating this research into much needed clinical therapeutic approaches. Cutting edge imaging technology using Connectome scanners represents a tremendous advancement, enabling the in vivo, detailed, high-resolution evaluation of these therapeutic interventions in experimental animals. Most importantly, they also allow quantifiable and clinically meaningful correlations with humans, increasing the translatability of these innovations to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalini Tsintou
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.,Center for Neural Systems Investigations, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129
| | - Kyriakos Dalamagkas
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Nikos Makris
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.,Center for Neural Systems Investigations, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129.,Center for Morphometric Analysis, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129
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14
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The telencephalon of the Göttingen minipig, cytoarchitecture and cortical surface anatomy. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:2093-2114. [PMID: 27778106 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During the last 20 years pigs have become increasingly popular in large animal translational neuroscience research as an economical and ethical feasible substitute to non-human primates. The anatomy of the pig telencephalon is, however, not well known. We present, accordingly, a detailed description of the surface anatomy and cytoarchitecture of the Göttingen minipig telencephalon based on macrophotos and consecutive high-power microphotographs of 15 μm thick paraffin embedded Nissl-stained coronal sections. In 1-year-old specimens the formalin perfused brain measures approximately 55 × 47 × 36 mm (length, width, height) and weighs around 69 g. The telencephalic part of the Göttingen minipig cerebrum covers a large surface area, which can be divided into a neocortical gyrencephalic part located dorsal to the rhinal fissure, and a ventral subrhinal part dominated by olfactory, amygdaloid, septal, and hippocampal structures. This part of the telencephalon is named the subrhinal lobe, and based on cytoarchitectural and sulcal anatomy, can be discerned from the remaining dorsally located neocortical perirhinal/insular, pericallosal, frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. The inner subcortical structure of the minipig telencephalon is dominated by a prominent ventricular system and large basal ganglia, wherein the putamen and the caudate nucleus posterior and dorsally are separated into two entities by the internal capsule, whereas both structures ventrally fuse into a large accumbens nucleus. The presented anatomical data is accompanied by surface renderings and high-power macrophotographs illustrating the telencephalic sulcal pattern, and the localization of the identified lobes and cytoarchitectonic areas. Additionally, 24 representative Nissl-stained telencephalic coronal sections are presented as supplementary material in atlas form on http://www.cense.dk/minipig_atlas/index.html and referred to as S1-S24 throughout the manuscript.
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Glud AN, Bjarkam CR, Azimi N, Johe K, Sorensen JC, Cunningham M. Feasibility of Three-Dimensional Placement of Human Therapeutic Stem Cells Using the Intracerebral Microinjection Instrument. Neuromodulation 2016; 19:708-716. [PMID: 27593216 DOI: 10.1111/ner.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The ability to safely place viable intracerebral grafts of human-derived therapeutic stem cells in three-dimensional (3D) space was assessed in a porcine model of human stereotactic surgery using the Intracerebral Microinjection Instrument (IMI) compared to a conventional straight cannula. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two groups of healthy minipigs received injections of the human stem cell line, NSI-566, into the right hemisphere and cell suspension carrier media into the left hemisphere. Group A received all injections using a straight, 21-gauge stainless steel cannula. Group B received all injections using the IMI, whereby radial distribution of injections was achieved via angular extension of a 196-micron diameter cannula from a single overlying penetration of the guide cannula. Each animal received six 20 µL intracerebral-injections within each hemisphere: three in a radial distribution, covering a 180° arc with each injection separated by a 60° arc distance, within both frontal cortex and basal ganglia. H&E and immunocytochemistry (HuNu and GFAP) were used to identify implanted cells and to assess tissue response. RESULTS The presence of surviving cells in appropriate brain regions demonstrated that the IMI is capable of accurately delivering viable human-derived stem cells safely in a 3D array at predetermined sites within the pig brain. In addition, qualitative evaluation of the target tissue suggests efficient delivery with decreased surgical trauma. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to traditional straight cannulas, the IMI enables the delivery of multiple precise cellular injection volumes in accurate 3D arrays. In this porcine large animal model of human neurosurgery, the IMI reduced surgical time and appeared to reduce neural trauma associated with multiple penetrations that would otherwise be required using a conventional straight delivery cannula.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carsten Reidies Bjarkam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Nima Azimi
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory for Neural Reconstruction, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Miles Cunningham
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory for Neural Reconstruction, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Abstract
The present review examines the pig as a model for physiological studies in human subjects related to nutrient sensing, appetite regulation, gut barrier function, intestinal microbiota and nutritional neuroscience. The nutrient-sensing mechanisms regarding acids (sour), carbohydrates (sweet), glutamic acid (umami) and fatty acids are conserved between humans and pigs. In contrast, pigs show limited perception of high-intensity sweeteners and NaCl and sense a wider array of amino acids than humans. Differences on bitter taste may reflect the adaptation to ecosystems. In relation to appetite regulation, plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide-1 are similar in pigs and humans, while peptide YY in pigs is ten to twenty times higher and ghrelin two to five times lower than in humans. Pigs are an excellent model for human studies for vagal nerve function related to the hormonal regulation of food intake. Similarly, the study of gut barrier functions reveals conserved defence mechanisms between the two species particularly in functional permeability. However, human data are scant for some of the defence systems and nutritional programming. The pig model has been valuable for studying the changes in human microbiota following nutritional interventions. In particular, the use of human flora-associated pigs is a useful model for infants, but the long-term stability of the implanted human microbiota in pigs remains to be investigated. The similarity of the pig and human brain anatomy and development is paradigmatic. Brain explorations and therapies described in pig, when compared with available human data, highlight their value in nutritional neuroscience, particularly regarding functional neuroimaging techniques.
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