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Chen HL, Su YC, Chen HC, Su JH, Wu CY, Wang SW, Lin IP, Chen CY, Lee CH. Heteronemin Suppresses Lymphangiogenesis through ARF-1 and MMP-9/VE-Cadherin/Vimentin. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091109. [PMID: 34572295 PMCID: PMC8471334 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic metastasis is a biological procedure associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases, especially in tumor metastasis. Therefore, regulation of lymphangiogenesis has become a promising strategy for cancer therapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-lymphangiogenic effect of heteronemin (SP-1) isolated from the sponge Hyrtios sp. in vitro and in vivo. Human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) were utilized to evaluate the anti-lymphangiogenic effect of SP-1 in vitro. Molecular docking, western blotting, flow-cytometry, MTT and ELISA were performed to investigate the mechanism of action. For in vivo approaches, the transgenic (fli1:EGFP; gata1:DsRed) zebrafish and mouse ear sponges were used. Molecular docking studies showed that SP-1 is a potent vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3)-binding compound. Treatment of LEC with SP-1 reduced the phosphorylation of VEGFR-3. SP-1 suppressed the development of the thoracic duct in zebrafish and mouse lymphangiogenesis ear sponges in vivo. Mechanistically, SP-1 induced the cell cycle arrest of LECs in the G0/G1 phase and reduced the downstream of VEGFR-3, such as phosphorylated MEK/ERK and NF-κB. In addition, SP-1 inhibited LECs' tubulogenesis and migration through the ARF-1 and MMP-9/VE-cadherin/vimentin. Overall, anti-lymphangiogenic properties of SP-1 occur by downregulating the VEGFR-3 cascade, ARF-1 and MMP-9/VE-cadherin/vimentin. Collectively, these results proposed that SP-1 might be a potential candidate for the treatment of lymphangiogenesis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Lin Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Liuying Chi-Mei Medical, Tainan 73657, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chieh Su
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840203, Taiwan;
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 81267, Taiwan;
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 94401, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252005, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - In-Pin Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Yi Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7312-1101 (ext. 2139); Fax: +886-7323-4686
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Stritt S, Koltowska K, Mäkinen T. Homeostatic maintenance of the lymphatic vasculature. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:955-970. [PMID: 34332911 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature is emerging as a multifaceted regulator of tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Lymphatic vessels drain fluid, macromolecules, and immune cells from peripheral tissues to lymph nodes (LNs) and the systemic circulation. Their recently uncovered functions extend beyond drainage and include direct modulation of adaptive immunity and paracrine regulation of organ growth. The developmental mechanisms controlling lymphatic vessel growth have been described with increasing precision. It is less clear how the essential functional features of lymphatic vessels are established and maintained. We discuss the mechanisms that maintain lymphatic vessel integrity in adult tissues and control vessel repair and regeneration. This knowledge is crucial for understanding the pathological vessel changes that contribute to disease, and provides an opportunity for therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Stritt
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Koltowska
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Taija Mäkinen
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Blei F. Update June 2021. Lymphat Res Biol 2021; 19:295-319. [PMID: 34137649 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2021.29106.fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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