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Yan C, Hu W, Tu J, Li J, Liang Q, Han S. Pathogenic mechanisms and regulatory factors involved in alcoholic liver disease. J Transl Med 2023; 21:300. [PMID: 37143126 PMCID: PMC10158301 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholism is a widespread and damaging behaviour of people throughout the world. Long-term alcohol consumption has resulted in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) being the leading cause of chronic liver disease. Many metabolic enzymes, including alcohol dehydrogenases such as ADH, CYP2E1, and CATacetaldehyde dehydrogenases ALDHsand nonoxidative metabolizing enzymes such as SULT, UGT, and FAEES, are involved in the metabolism of ethanol, the main component in alcoholic beverages. Ethanol consumption changes the functional or expression profiles of various regulatory factors, such as kinases, transcription factors, and microRNAs. Therefore, the underlying mechanisms of ALD are complex, involving inflammation, mitochondrial damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, nitrification, and oxidative stress. Moreover, recent evidence has demonstrated that the gut-liver axis plays a critical role in ALD pathogenesis. For example, ethanol damages the intestinal barrier, resulting in the release of endotoxins and alterations in intestinal flora content and bile acid metabolism. However, ALD therapies show low effectiveness. Therefore, this review summarizes ethanol metabolism pathways and highly influential pathogenic mechanisms and regulatory factors involved in ALD pathology with the aim of new therapeutic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyun Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Wanting Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinqi Tu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College of Wuhu, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Qionglin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuxin Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
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Martínez-Peña AA, Lee K, Pereira M, Ayyash A, Petrik JJ, Hardy DB, Holloway AC. Prenatal Exposure to Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Alters the Expression of miR-122-5p and Its Target Igf1r in the Adult Rat Ovary. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148000. [PMID: 35887347 PMCID: PMC9323798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As cannabis use during pregnancy increases, it is important to understand its effects on the developing fetus. Particularly, the long-term effects of its psychoactive component, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), on the offspring’s reproductive health are not fully understood. This study examined the impact of gestational THC exposure on the miRNA profile in adult rat ovaries and the possible consequences on ovarian health. Prenatal THC exposure resulted in the differential expression of 12 out of 420 evaluated miRNAs. From the differentially expressed miRNAs, miR-122-5p, which is highly conserved among species, was the only upregulated target and had the greatest fold change. The upregulation of miR-122-5p and the downregulation of its target insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (Igf1r) were confirmed by RT-qPCR. Prenatally THC-exposed ovaries had decreased IGF-1R-positive follicular cells and increased follicular apoptosis. Furthermore, THC decreased Igf1r expression in ovarian explants and granulosa cells after 48 h. As decreased IGF-1R has been associated with diminished ovarian health and fertility, we propose that these THC-induced changes may partially explain the altered ovarian follicle dynamics observed in THC-exposed offspring. Taken together, our data suggests that prenatal THC exposure may impact key pathways in the developing ovary, which could lead to subfertility or premature reproductive senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annia A. Martínez-Peña
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (A.A.M.-P.); (A.A.)
| | - Kendrick Lee
- The Children’s Health Research Institute, The Lawson Health Research Institute, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (K.L.); (D.B.H.)
| | - Madison Pereira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.P.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Ahmed Ayyash
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (A.A.M.-P.); (A.A.)
| | - James J. Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.P.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Daniel B. Hardy
- The Children’s Health Research Institute, The Lawson Health Research Institute, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (K.L.); (D.B.H.)
| | - Alison C. Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (A.A.M.-P.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(905)-525-9140 (ext. 22130)
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Zhang G, Cui Z, Li J, Zhang D, Li Z, Lin Z, Yin H, Ran J, Wang Y, Liu Y. miR-122-5p regulates proliferation and apoptosis of chicken granulosa cells of hierarchal follicles by targeting MAPK3. Gene X 2022; 824:146397. [PMID: 35276240 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken follicles plays a crucial role in the reproductive performance, especially in laying period. Recently, miR-122-5p has been found to be differentially expressed in the ovaries of rats with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal rats, indicating the potential role of miR-122-5p in the development of granulosa cells (GCs). In present study, we found that miR-122-5p was highly expressed in chicken atrophic ovaries. Herein, we investigated its function on GC proliferation and apoptosis of chicken in vitro. We found that overexpression of miR-122-5p significantly inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of GCs, whereas the opposite effects were detected in miR-122-5p knockdown GCs. Meanwhile, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) was confirmed as a new target gene of miR-122-5p by bioinformatics software prediction and the dual-luciferase reporter assay verification. Furthermore, after knockdown of MAPK3, the function of MAPK3 for GC proliferation and apoptosis was opposite to that of miR-122-5p. Collectively, our results indicated that miR-122-5p impeded chicken GC proliferation and promoted apoptosis through the post-transcriptional downregulation of MAPK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfa Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhifu Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Donghao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhongzhen Lin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jinshan Ran
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan province, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Hassan A, Khalaily N, Kilav-Levin R, Nechama M, Volovelsky O, Silver J, Naveh-Many T. Molecular Mechanisms of Parathyroid Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020111. [PMID: 35208186 PMCID: PMC8878033 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHP) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that induces morbidity and mortality in patients. How CKD stimulates the parathyroid to increase parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, gene expression and cell proliferation remains an open question. In experimental SHP, the increased PTH gene expression is post-transcriptional and mediated by PTH mRNA–protein interactions that promote PTH mRNA stability. These interactions are orchestrated by the isomerase Pin1. Pin1 participates in conformational change-based regulation of target proteins, including mRNA-binding proteins. In SHP, Pin1 isomerase activity is decreased, and thus, the Pin1 target and PTH mRNA destabilizing protein KSRP fails to bind PTH mRNA, increasing PTH mRNA stability and levels. An additional level of post-transcriptional regulation is mediated by microRNA (miRNA). Mice with parathyroid-specific knockout of Dicer, which facilitates the final step in miRNA maturation, lack parathyroid miRNAs but have normal PTH and calcium levels. Surprisingly, these mice fail to increase serum PTH in response to hypocalcemia or uremia, indicating a role for miRNAs in parathyroid stimulation. SHP often leads to parathyroid hyperplasia. Reduced expressions of parathyroid regulating receptors, activation of transforming growth factor α-epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclooxygenase 2-prostaglandin E2 and mTOR signaling all contribute to the enhanced parathyroid cell proliferation. Inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin prevents and corrects the increased parathyroid cell proliferation of SHP. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanisms that stimulate the parathyroid cell at multiple levels in SHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Hassan
- Minerva Center for Bone and Mineral Research, Nephrology Services, Hadassah—Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (A.H.); (N.K.); (R.K.-L.); (J.S.)
| | - Nareman Khalaily
- Minerva Center for Bone and Mineral Research, Nephrology Services, Hadassah—Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (A.H.); (N.K.); (R.K.-L.); (J.S.)
| | - Rachel Kilav-Levin
- Minerva Center for Bone and Mineral Research, Nephrology Services, Hadassah—Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (A.H.); (N.K.); (R.K.-L.); (J.S.)
- Nursing, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem 91160, Israel
| | - Morris Nechama
- Pediatric Nephrology, Hadassah—Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (M.N.); (O.V.)
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah—Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Oded Volovelsky
- Pediatric Nephrology, Hadassah—Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (M.N.); (O.V.)
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah—Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Justin Silver
- Minerva Center for Bone and Mineral Research, Nephrology Services, Hadassah—Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (A.H.); (N.K.); (R.K.-L.); (J.S.)
| | - Tally Naveh-Many
- Minerva Center for Bone and Mineral Research, Nephrology Services, Hadassah—Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (A.H.); (N.K.); (R.K.-L.); (J.S.)
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah—Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Correspondence:
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Kilav-Levin R, Hassan A, Nechama M, Shilo V, Silver J, Ben-Dov IZ, Naveh-Many T. Post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating parathyroid hormone gene expression in secondary hyperparathyroidism. FEBS J 2020; 287:2903-2913. [PMID: 32191397 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates serum calcium levels and bone strength. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHP) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that correlates with morbidity and mortality. In experimental SHP, the increased PTH gene expression is due to increased PTH mRNA stability and is mediated by protein-PTH mRNA interactions. Adenosine-uridine-rich binding factor 1 (AUF1) stabilizes and K-homology splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) destabilizes PTH mRNA. The peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 acts on target proteins, including mRNA-binding proteins. Pin1 leads to KSRP dephosphorylation, but in SHP, parathyroid Pin1 activity is decreased and phosphorylated KSRP fails to bind PTH mRNA, leading to increased PTH mRNA stability and levels. A further level of post-transcriptional regulation occurs through microRNA (miRNA). Dicer mediates the final step of miRNA maturation. Parathyroid-specific Dicer knockout mice that lack miRNAs in the parathyroid develop normally. Surprisingly, these mice fail to increase serum PTH in response to both hypocalcemia and CKD, indicating that parathyroid Dicer and miRNAs are essential for stimulation of the parathyroid. Human and rodent parathyroids share similar miRNA profiles that are altered in hyperparathyroidism. The evolutionary conservation of abundant miRNAs and their regulation in hyperparathyroidism indicate their significance in parathyroid physiology and pathophysiology. let-7 and miR-148 antagonism modifies PTH secretion in vivo and in vitro, suggesting roles for specific miRNAs in parathyroid function. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the post-transcriptional mechanisms of PTH gene expression in SHP and the central contribution of miRNAs to the high serum PTH levels of both primary hyperparathyroidism and SHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kilav-Levin
- Minerva Center for Bone and Mineral Research, Nephrology Services, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Nursing, Jerusalem College of Technology, Israel
| | - Alia Hassan
- Minerva Center for Bone and Mineral Research, Nephrology Services, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Morris Nechama
- Minerva Center for Bone and Mineral Research, Nephrology Services, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Pediatric Nephrology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vitali Shilo
- Minerva Center for Bone and Mineral Research, Nephrology Services, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Justin Silver
- Minerva Center for Bone and Mineral Research, Nephrology Services, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Iddo Z Ben-Dov
- Laboratory of Medical Transcriptomics, Nephrology Services, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tally Naveh-Many
- Minerva Center for Bone and Mineral Research, Nephrology Services, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Azhar S, Dong D, Shen WJ, Hu Z, Kraemer FB. The role of miRNAs in regulating adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis. J Mol Endocrinol 2020; 64:R21-R43. [PMID: 31671401 PMCID: PMC7202133 DOI: 10.1530/jme-19-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are endogenous noncoding single-stranded small RNAs of ~22 nucleotides in length that post-transcriptionally repress the expression of their various target genes. They contribute to the regulation of a variety of physiologic processes including embryonic development, differentiation and proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, hemostasis and inflammation. In addition, aberrant miRNA expression is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases including cancer, hepatitis, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic diseases. Steroid hormones regulate virtually every aspect of metabolism, and acute and chronic steroid hormone biosynthesis is primarily regulated by tissue-specific trophic hormones involving transcriptional and translational events. In addition, it is becoming increasingly clear that steroidogenic pathways are also subject to post-transcriptional and post-translational regulations including processes such as phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, protein‒protein interactions and regulation by specific miRNAs, although the latter is in its infancy state. Here, we summarize the recent advances in miRNA-mediated regulation of steroidogenesis with emphasis on adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Azhar
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Dachuan Dong
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Wen-Jun Shen
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, California, USA
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Guo X, Puttabyatappa M, Thompson RC, Padmanabhan V. Developmental Programming: Contribution of Epigenetic Enzymes to Antral Follicular Defects in the Sheep Model of PCOS. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2471-2484. [PMID: 31398247 PMCID: PMC6760338 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal testosterone (T)-treated sheep, similar to women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), manifest oligo-/anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polyfollicular ovary. The polyfollicular ovarian morphology, a result of persistence of antral follicles, arises, in part, by transcriptional changes in key mediators of follicular development that, in turn, are driven by epigenetic mechanisms. We hypothesized that prenatal T excess induces, in a cell-specific manner, transcriptional changes in key mediators of follicular development associated with relevant changes in epigenetic machinery. Expression levels of key mediators of follicular development, DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and histone de-/methylases and de-/acetylases were determined in laser-capture microdissection-isolated antral follicular granulosa and theca and ovarian stromal cells from 21 months of age control and prenatal T-treated sheep (100 mg IM twice weekly from gestational day 30 to 90; term: 147 days). Changes in histone methylation were determined by immunofluorescence. Prenatal T treatment induced the following: (i) cell-specific changes in gene expression of key mediators of follicular development and steroidogenesis; (ii) granulosa, theca, and stromal cell-specific changes in DNMTs and histone de-/methylases and deacetylases, and (iii) increases in histone 3 trimethylation at lysine 9 in granulosa and histone 3 dimethylation at lysine 4 in theca cells. The pattern of histone methylation was consistent with the expression profile of histone de-/methylases in the respective cells. These findings suggest that changes in expression of key genes involved in the development of the polyfollicular phenotype in prenatal T-treated sheep are mediated, at least in part, by cell-specific changes in epigenetic-modifying enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzi Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Robert C Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Correspondence: Vasantha Padmanabhan, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 7510 MSRB 1, 1500 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. E-mail:
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Li YX, Guo X, Gulappa T, Menon B, Menon KMJ. SREBP Plays a Regulatory Role in LH/hCG Receptor mRNA Expression in Human Granulosa-Lutein Cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4783-4792. [PMID: 31150065 PMCID: PMC6736214 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT LH receptor (LHR) expression has been shown to be regulated posttranscriptionally by LHR mRNA binding protein (LRBP) in rodent and human ovaries. LRBP was characterized as mevalonate kinase. The gene that encodes mevalonate kinase is a member of a family of genes that encode enzymes involved in lipid synthesis and are regulated by the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). OBJECTIVE The current study examined the regulation of LHR mRNA expression in human granulosa-lutein cells in response to alterations in cholesterol metabolism. DESIGN Using atorvastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, we examined its effect on LHR mRNA expression. The effect of atorvastatin on SREBP and mRNA expression as well as LHR mRNA binding protein expression was examined. Finally, the effect of atorvastatin on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated progesterone production and the expression of key steroidogenic enzymes was also examined. RESULTS Statin treatment reduced LHR mRNA expression by increasing the levels of SREBP1a and SREBP2, leading to an increase in LRBP. RNA gel shift assay showed that increased binding of LHR mRNA to LRBP occurred in response to atorvastatin, leading to LHR mRNA degradation. The granulosa-lutein cells pretreated with atorvastatin also showed decreased responsiveness to hCG by decreasing the mRNA and protein expression of steroidogenic enzymes. Atorvastatin also attenuated LH/hCG-induced progesterone production. CONCLUSION These results imply that LHR mRNA expression by the human granulosa-lutein cells is regulated by cholesterol, through a mechanism involving SREBP and SREBP cleavage activating protein serving as the cholesterol sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Xia Li
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xingzi Guo
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Thippeswamy Gulappa
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bindu Menon
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - K M J Menon
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: K. M. J. Menon, PhD, Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, 6428 Medical Sciences Building I, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. E-mail:
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Matvere A, Teino I, Varik I, Kuuse S, Tiido T, Kristjuhan A, Maimets T. FSH/LH-Dependent Upregulation of Ahr in Murine Granulosa Cells Is Controlled by PKA Signaling and Involves Epigenetic Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123068. [PMID: 31234584 PMCID: PMC6627912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) is a ligand-activated transcription factor primarily known for its toxicological functions. Recent studies have established its importance in many physiological processes including female reproduction, although there is limited data about the precise mechanisms how Ahr itself is regulated during ovarian follicle maturation. This study describes the expression of Ahr in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) of immature mice in a gonadotropin-dependent manner. We show that Ahr upregulation in vivo requires both follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) activities. FSH alone increased Ahr mRNA, but had no effect on Ahr protein level, implicating a possible LH-dependent post-transcriptional regulation. Also, the increase in Ahr protein is specific to large antral follicles in induced follicle maturation. We show that Ahr expression in GCs of mid-phase follicular maturation is downregulated by protein kinase A (PKA) signaling and activation of Ahr promoter is regulated by chromatin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Matvere
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Indrek Teino
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Inge Varik
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Sulev Kuuse
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Tarmo Tiido
- Clinical Research Centre, National Centre of Translational and Clinical Research, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Arnold Kristjuhan
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Toivo Maimets
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.
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