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Wang Y, Lyu N, Wu C, Du Z, Deng M, Wu H. Investigating the impact of HMI on drivers' merging performance in intelligent connected vehicle environment. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2024; 198:107448. [PMID: 38340472 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Intelligent Connected Vehicle (ICV) is considered one of the most promising active safety technologies to address current transportation challenges. Human-Machine Interface (HMI) plays a vital role in enhancing user driving experience with ICV technology. However, in an ICV environment, drivers may exhibit excessive reliance on HMI, resulting in diminished proactive observation and analysis of the road environment, and subsequently leading to a potential decrease in drivers' situational awareness. This reduced situational awareness may consequently lead to a decline in their overall engagement in driving tasks. Therefore, to comprehensively investigate the impact of HMI on driver performance in various ICV environments, this study incorporates three distinct HMI systems: Control group, Warning group, and Guidance group. The Control group provides basic information, the Warning group adds front vehicle icon and real-time headway information, while the Guidance group further includes speed and voice guidance features. Additionally, the study considers three types of mainline vehicle gaps, namely, 30 m, 20 m, and 15 m. Through our self-developed ICV testing platform, we conducted driving simulation experiments on 43 participants in a freeway interchange merging area. The findings reveal that, drivers in the Guidance group exhibited explicit acceleration while driving on the ramp. Drivers in the Guidance and Warning groups demonstrated smoother speed change trends and lower mean longitudinal acceleration upon entering the acceleration lane compared to the Control group, indicating a preference for more cautious driving strategies. During the pre-merging section, drivers in the Warning group demonstrated a more cautious and smooth longitudinal acceleration. The Guidance group's HMI system assisted drivers in better speed control during the post-merging section. Differences in mainline vehicle gaps did not significantly impact the merging positions of participants across the three HMI groups. Drivers in the Guidance group merged closest to the left side of the taper section, while the Control group merged farthest. The research findings offer valuable insights for developing dynamic human-machine interfaces tailored to specific driving scenarios in the environment of ICVs. Future research should investigate the effects of various HMIs on driver safety, workload, energy efficiency, and overall driving experience. Conducting real-world tests will further validate the findings obtained from driving simulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Wang
- Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
| | - Nengchao Lyu
- Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China.
| | - Chaozhong Wu
- Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China; National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
| | - Zijun Du
- Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
| | - Min Deng
- Wuhan Zhongjiao Traffic Engineering CO.,Ltd, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Haoran Wu
- College of Automotive Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan 442002, Hubei, China
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Zhang Y, Li X, Yu Q, Yan X. Developing a two-stage auditory warning system for safe driving and eco-driving at signalized intersections: A driving simulation study. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2022; 175:106777. [PMID: 35901607 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In-vehicle intersection warning systems represent a promising approach for informing drivers of potential danger to reduce crashes and improve intersection safety. However, there is limited research on drivers' eco-driving performances, such as fuel consumption and emission, when drivers adapt their behaviors to the systems. In this study, an innovative two-stage in-vehicle intersection warning system was proposed to reduce red-light running (RLR) violations. Forty-five drivers participated in a simulated driving experiment and their driving performances at the intersections were evaluated to examine the effectiveness of the warning system. The measures included stop/go decision, RLR rate, average speed and deceleration, brake transition time, brake level, fuel consumption, and emission of CO and NOx. The results indicated that the warning system had a positive effect on drivers' safe driving and eco-driving performances, such as reducing the RLR rate, advancing and smoothing the deceleration and reducing fuel consumption and emission. Moreover, the impact of warning on drivers' performances varied with the time to the onset of yellow light. The research has practical implications for the automobile industry to use vehicle-to-infrastructure technology in the design of in-vehicle warning systems to improve driver behaviors at intersections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- College of Transportation Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland (CARRS-Q), Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.
| | - Qian Yu
- College of Transportation Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, PR China
| | - Xuedong Yan
- MOT Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport, School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
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Orsini F, Zarantonello L, Costa R, Rossi R, Montagnese S. Driving simulator performance worsens after the Spring transition to Daylight Saving Time. iScience 2022; 25:104666. [PMID: 35811844 PMCID: PMC9263509 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian desynchrony and sleep deprivation related to the Spring transition to Daylight Saving Time (DST) have been associated with several unfavorable outcomes, including an increase in road traffic accidents. As previous work has mainly focused on analyzing historical crash/hospitalization data, there is virtually no literature investigating the effects of DST on specific driving performance indicators. Here, the effect of the Spring transition to DST on driving performance was investigated by means of a driving simulator experiment, in which participants completed two trials (one week distance, same time and day of the week) on exactly the same simulated route, the second trial taking place in the week after the transition to DST. Results were compared to those of a control group (who also underwent two trials, both before the DST transition), and documented significant worsening of driving performance after DST, as measured by a comprehensive set of simulator-derived indices. A simulator was used to study the effects of DST transition on driving behavior Several driving variables were negatively affected by DST transition These included reaction times, situation awareness and risk behavior DST-related circadian desynchrony is likely to result in driving impairment
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An Analysis of Driving Behavior of Educated Youth in Bangladesh Considering Physiological, Cultural and Socioeconomic Variables. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
One of the alarming aspects of Bangladesh’s traffic safety is the massive growth in the number of drivers without previous driving instruction or licenses. Proper traffic safety is defined as systems and techniques used to safeguard road users against dying or being severely injured. A driving simulator policy and an environmental model are validated in this research. It aims to create a safe mass transit system with a minimal number of fatalities and injuries. The study focuses on current road and transportation strategies. Educated and internet-using Bangladeshi drivers took part in a questionnaire about their emotional stability on an online platform with more than 100 questions comprising two parts. While one of the part outlines the physiological, cultural, and socioeconomic factors and driver education, in another part, an 18-point Driver’s Behavior Questionnaire was introduced to the responders. About 40% of the surveyed drivers in the poll were inexperienced. However, 49% of people prefer to ride two-wheelers. Moreover, 70% of surveyed drivers hold valid driver’s licenses. At the same time, 35.2% of those were college graduates. Even 34.8% of accidents were caused by excessive speed and non-aggressive driving. In addition, age and degree of education were significant indicators of distracted driving violations. The study’s findings will raise awareness about the country’s undesirable driving patterns, resulting in a safer transit system with fewer accidents and deaths. In addition, the findings may be utilized to improve present road and transit policies and lead to the development of a driving simulator program for Bangladeshis.
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Highway Deceleration Lane Safety: Effects of Real-Time Coaching Programs on Driving Behavior. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13169089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Real-time coaching programs are designed to give feedback on driving behavior to usage-based motor insurance users; they are often general purpose programs that aim to promote smooth driving. Here, we investigated the effect of different on-board real-time coaching programs on the driving behavior on highway deceleration lanes with a driving simulator experiment. The experiment was organized into two trials. The first was a baseline trial, in which participants drove without receiving any feedback; a cluster analysis was then performed to divide participants into two groups, based on their observed driving style. One month later, a second trial was carried out, with participants driving on the same path as the first trial, this time receiving contingent feedback related to their braking/acceleration behavior. Four feedback systems were tested; overall, there were eight experimental groups, depending on the clustered driving style (aggressive and defensive), feedback modality (visual and auditory), and feedback valence (positive and negative). Speed, deceleration, trajectory, and lateral control variables, collected before and onto the deceleration lane, were investigated with mixed ANOVAs, which showed that the real-time coaching programs significantly reduced speeds and maximum deceleration values, while improving lateral control. A change toward a safer exit strategy (i.e., entering the lane before starting to decelerate) was also observed in defensive drivers.
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Economou A, Pavlou D, Beratis I, Andronas N, Papadimitriou E, Papageorgiou SG, Yannis G. Predictors of accidents in people with mild cognitive impairment, mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls in simulated driving. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:859-869. [PMID: 32249449 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the driving variables that predict accident probability in mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy older control drivers in simulated driving. To compare the three groups in mean performance and in frequency of scores exceeding 1.5 SD from the mean. METHODS/DESIGN Participants were 37 drivers with MCI, 16 drivers with AD, and 21 control drivers over the age of 52. Driving measures were derived from four rural driving conditions: moderate traffic without and with distraction and high traffic without and with distraction. The measures were z-transformed based on the performance of 90 control drivers of different ages. Two unexpected incidents occurred per condition, requiring the sudden breaking to avoid an accident. RESULTS Drivers with AD showed significantly lower average speed, speed variability, greater headway distance, headway variability and average reaction time (RT) than control drivers. Drivers with MCI showed significantly lower average speed, greater headway distance and average RT than control drivers in the two conditions of distraction. No differences were found in accident probability. Drivers with AD had more deviant scores than both control drivers and drivers with MCI in most comparisons. Predictors of accident probability were average RT, speed variability and lateral position variability but MCI and AD status were not significant predictors in any of the regression models. CONCLUSIONS Despite significant differences in performance, drivers with MCI and AD did not differ in accident probability from control drivers. An individualized approach of examining individual driving performance is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Economou
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Pavlou
- School of Civil Engineering, Transportation Planning and Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ion Beratis
- 1st University Department of Neurology, Eginiteion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Andronas
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd University Department of Neurology, ATTIKON University General Hospital at Haidari, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleonora Papadimitriou
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sokratis G Papageorgiou
- 1st University Department of Neurology, Eginiteion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Yannis
- School of Civil Engineering, Transportation Planning and Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Lyu N, Cao Y, Wu C, Thomas AF, Wang X. Driving behavior and safety analysis at OSMS section for merged, one-way freeway based on simulated driving safety analysis of driving behaviour. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228238. [PMID: 32053620 PMCID: PMC7018042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to study driving performance at the opening section of median strip (hereafter OSMS) on the freeway capacity expansion project, this study separately controlled 9 different simulated experimental scenarios of OSMS length and freeway traffic flow. 25 participants were recruited to perform 225 simulated driving tests using the driving simulator, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the driving characteristics which can represent the safety context. The results show that the safety parameters of driving are different when the length of OSMS and the traffic flow are different. When the traffic flow is low or moderate, the OSMS length can significantly affect the speed of the vehicle and the maximum values of time to collision. The higher the traffic flow, the smaller the minimum values of time headway. As the length of the OSMS decreases, the vehicles are more generally concentrated at the end of the opening area with the minimum values of time headway. The study also found that when the traffic volume is high, the impact of the OSMS length on driving performance will be weakened. In addition, the OSMS length and the traffic flow have little impact on driving comfort. Additionally, when the traffic flow is low or moderate, the opening length can significantly affect the driving behavior and safety of the vehicle. However, when the traffic volume is high, the impact of the opening length on them will be relatively weakened to some extent. Therefore, it is advised that in the case of freeways with large traffic volume, merely extending the length of the opening section does not necessarily optimize safety. Rather, the actual traffic density of the road should be carefully considered before a design length is adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengchao Lyu
- Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yue Cao
- Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaozhong Wu
- Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Alieu Freddie Thomas
- Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Ma Y, Zhang W, Gu X, Zhao J. Impacts of experimental advisory exit speed sign on traffic speeds for freeway exit ramp. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225203. [PMID: 31747442 PMCID: PMC6867653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many crashes occur around freeway exit ramp areas in China due to excessive speeds and large speed variances. Traditionally, a single posted ramp speed limit sign is installed around the physical gore area to manage the speed. To address this issue, the study presented in this paper proposes the use of an advisory exit speed sign (AESS), which is an additional exit speed limit sign positioned along the deceleration lane to accommodate the speed changes ahead of the physical gore. The study selected three sites with similar exit ramp configurations and two scenarios (with AESS/without AESS) to quantify the influences of the AESS on the speed of exiting vehicles. The speed profiles of 480 vehicles were obtained based on 12 hours of data collection. A t-test was applied to verify the reduction in mean speed between the two scenarios. The results show that the AESS in this study was effective in reducing the mean speed and 85th percentile speed, especially in the taper and deceleration lane. It was clearly seen that drivers began to decelerate in advance when the AESS was installed, which led to a smooth deceleration process, especially on the segment between the theoretical gore and the physical gore. The AESS was also helpful in reducing speeding to some extent. Although the effects of the AESS on speed reduction at curved ramps were not ideal, the speed fluctuation range tended to be more contracted when the AESS was installed. This paper provides useful information for researchers, managers, and engineers when considering the implementation of AESS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Ma
- School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban ITS, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Urban Traffic Technologies, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban ITS, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Urban Traffic Technologies, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Gu
- School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban ITS, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Urban Traffic Technologies, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiguang Zhao
- HNTB Corporation, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
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Lyu N, Cao Y, Wu C, Xu J, Xie L. The effect of gender, occupation and experience on behavior while driving on a freeway deceleration lane based on field operational test data. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018; 121:82-93. [PMID: 30237046 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Deceleration lanes improve traffic flow by reducing interference, increasing capacity and enhancing safety. However, accident rates are higher on these interchange segments than on other freeway segments. It is important to attempt to reduce traffic accidents on these interchange segments by further exploring the behavior of different types of drivers on a highway deceleration lane. In this study, with field operational test (FOT) data from 89 driving instances (derived from 46 participants driving the test road twice) on a typical freeway deceleration lane, section speed profiles, vehicle trajectories, lane position and other key parameters were obtained. The lane-change characteristics and speed profiles of drivers with different genders, occupations and experiences were analyzed. The significant disparities between them reflects the risk associated with different groups of drivers. The study shows that male drivers changed to the outside lane earlier; professional drivers and experienced drivers made the last lane change as early as possible to enter the deceleration lane; and the speed of the vehicles entering the exit ramp was significantly higher than the speed limit. This research work provides ground truth data for deceleration lane design, driver ability training and off-ramp traffic safety management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengchao Lyu
- Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China; Key Laboratory for Automotive Transportation Safety Enhancement Technology of the Ministry of Communication, Xi'an 710064, China.
| | - Yue Cao
- Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China; Key Laboratory for Automotive Transportation Safety Enhancement Technology of the Ministry of Communication, Xi'an 710064, China.
| | - Chaozhong Wu
- Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China.
| | - Jin Xu
- College of traffic and transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China.
| | - Lian Xie
- Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China; Key Laboratory for Automotive Transportation Safety Enhancement Technology of the Ministry of Communication, Xi'an 710064, China; School Architecture and Transportation Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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Ariën C, Brijs K, Vanroelen G, Ceulemans W, Jongen EMM, Daniels S, Brijs T, Wets G. The effect of pavement markings on driving behaviour in curves: a simulator study. ERGONOMICS 2017; 60:701-713. [PMID: 27376174 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2016.1200749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of two pavement markings (transverse rumble strips (TRS) and a backward pointing herringbone pattern (HP)) on speed and lateral control in and nearby curves. Two real-world curves with strong indications of a safety problem were replicated as realistic as possible in the simulator. Results show that both speed and lateral control differ between the curves. These behavioural differences are probably due to curve-related dissimilarities with respect to geometric alignment, cross-sectional design and speed limit. TRS and HP both influenced mean speed and mean acceleration/deceleration but not lateral control. TRS generated an earlier and more stable speed reduction than HP which induced significant speed reductions along the curve. The TRS gives drivers more time to generate the right expectations about the upcoming curve. When accidents occur primarily near the curve entry, TRS is recommended. The HP has the potential to reduce accidents at the curve end. Practitioner Summary: Two pavement markings (transversal rumble strips and HP) nearby dangerous curves were investigated in the driving simulator. TRS generated an earlier and more stable speed reduction than HP which induced speed reductions along the curve. The TRS gives drivers more time to generate right expectations about the upcoming curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ariën
- a Transportation Research Institute, Hasselt University , Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - Kris Brijs
- a Transportation Research Institute, Hasselt University , Diepenbeek , Belgium
- b Faculty of Applied Engineering Sciences , Hasselt University , Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - Giovanni Vanroelen
- b Faculty of Applied Engineering Sciences , Hasselt University , Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - Wesley Ceulemans
- b Faculty of Applied Engineering Sciences , Hasselt University , Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - Ellen M M Jongen
- a Transportation Research Institute, Hasselt University , Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - Stijn Daniels
- a Transportation Research Institute, Hasselt University , Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - Tom Brijs
- a Transportation Research Institute, Hasselt University , Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - Geert Wets
- a Transportation Research Institute, Hasselt University , Diepenbeek , Belgium
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Wu Y, Zhao X, Chen C, He J, Rong J, Ma J. Modeling the influence of Chevron alignment sign on young male driver performance: A driving simulator study. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2016; 95:479-486. [PMID: 27161563 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In China, the Chevron alignment sign on highways is a vertical rectangle with a white arrow and border on a blue background, which differs from its counterpart in other countries. Moreover, little research has been devoted to the effectiveness of China's Chevron signs; there is still no practical method to quantitatively describe the impact of Chevron signs on driver performance in roadway curves. In this paper, a driving simulator experiment collected data on the driving performance of 30 young male drivers as they navigated on 29 different horizontal curves under different conditions (presence of Chevron signs, curve radius and curve direction). To address the heterogeneity issue in the data, three models were estimated and tested: a pooled data linear regression model, a fixed effects model, and a random effects model. According to the Hausman Test and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), the random effects model offers the best fit. The current study explores the relationship between driver performance (i.e., vehicle speed and lane position) and horizontal curves with respect to the horizontal curvature, presence of Chevron signs, and curve direction. This study lays a foundation for developing procedures and guidelines that would allow more uniform and efficient deployment of Chevron signs on China's highways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jiayuan He
- Transport Planning and Research Institute, Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100028,China
| | - Jian Rong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jianming Ma
- Texas Department of Transportation, 10016 Liriope Cove, Austin, TX 78750-2636, USA
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Zhao X, Wu Y, Rong J, Ma J. The effect of chevron alignment signs on driver performance on horizontal curves with different roadway geometries. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2015; 75:226-235. [PMID: 25525973 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To develop a practicable and clear guideline for implementing Chevrons on China's highways, it is necessary to understand the effect of Chevrons on driving performance in different roadway geometries. Using a driving simulator, this study tests the effect of China's Chevrons on vehicle speed and lane position on two-lane rural highway horizontal curves with different roadway geometries. The results showed a significant effect of Chevrons on speed reduction, and this function was not significantly affected by curve radius but was statistically affected by curve direction. The speed reduction caused by Chevrons was also significant at the approach of curve, middle of curve and point of tangent. The 85th percentile speed was also markedly lower when Chevrons were present. We also found a significant effect of Chevrons in encouraging participants to drive the vehicle with a more proper lane position at the first half of curves; and this function was slightly affected by curve radius. Meanwhile, the effect of Chevrons on keeping drivers staying in a more stable lane position was also statistically significant at the second half of curves. In sharp curves, the function of Chevrons to make drivers keep a stable lane position was lost. Besides, the impact of curve direction on the function of Chevrons on lane position was always present, and drivers would drive slightly away from Chevrons. Regardless of the curve radius, China's Chevrons at horizontal curves provide an advance warning, speed control and lane position guide for traffic on the nearside of Chevrons. Besides, combing with the function of Chevrons on preventing excessive speed and the benefit to make drivers keep a more proper lane position, China's Chevrons appear to be of great benefit to reduce crashes (e.g., run-off-road) in curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhao
- Beijing University of Technology, College of Metropolitan Transportation, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- Beijing University of Technology, College of Metropolitan Transportation, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jian Rong
- Beijing University of Technology, College of Metropolitan Transportation, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jianming Ma
- Texas Department of Transportation, 10016 Liriope Cove, Austin, TX 78750-2636, USA
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Bella F, Calvi A, D'Amico F. Analysis of driver speeds under night driving conditions using a driving simulator. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2014; 49:45-52. [PMID: 24913485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Accident statistics demonstrate that there should be a greater focus on nighttime driving to improve our knowledge of driver behavior under poor lighting conditions. However, the current geometric design criteria do not take into account driving at night. Moreover, studies that propose predictive models of operating speed only consider daytime driving conditions. METHOD This study compares driver speed behavior during daytime and nighttime driving and models operating speeds and speed differentials, identifying significant factors that influence speed behavior under different lighting conditions. The research was carried out using a driving simulator for a section of an existing two-lane rural road composed of 39 tangent-curve configurations. Speed profiles were recorded for 40 drivers under simulated daytime and nighttime driving conditions. RESULTS New predictive speed models, differentiated for daytime and nighttime driving, are proposed that highlight the effects of different geometric predictors under different visibility conditions. Specifically, predictive models for operating speed on curves identified the inverse of the radius and the deflection angle of the curve as predictors under both driving conditions. For speed differentials based on the 85th percentile for maximum speed reduction (85 MSR), we found that the inverse of the approaching tangent length and of the curve radius significantly explained the dependent variable in both cases, with a higher dependence of nighttime 85 MSR on the curve geometry than on the tangent length. Tangent length had a significant effect on operating speed for independent tangents only for the daytime model, whereas the inverse of the previous radius was confirmed as a predictor for both visibility conditions. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This research may influence design considerations for nighttime driving by providing evidence of the effects of nighttime conditions on driver speed choices and road safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bella
- Roma Tre University, Department of Engineering, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Calvi
- Roma Tre University, Department of Engineering, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio D'Amico
- Roma Tre University, Department of Engineering, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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Calvi A, Bella F. Modeling Speed Differential Parameters in Day and Night Environments Using Driving Simulator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.10.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ariën C, Jongen EMM, Brijs K, Brijs T, Daniels S, Wets G. A simulator study on the impact of traffic calming measures in urban areas on driving behavior and workload. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2013; 61:43-53. [PMID: 23477414 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the impact of traffic calming measures (TCM) on major roads in rural and urban areas. More specifically we investigated the effect of gate constructions located at the entrance of the urban area and horizontal curves within the urban area on driving behavior and workload. Forty-six participants completed a 34km test-drive on a driving simulator with eight thoroughfare configurations, i.e., 2 (curves: present, absent)×2 (gates: present, absent)×2 (peripheral detection task (PDT): present, absent) in a within-subject design. PDT performance (mean response time (RT) and hit rate) indicated that drivers experienced the road outside the urban area as cognitively less demanding relative to the more complex road environment inside the urban area. Whereas curves induced a speed reduction that was sustained throughout the entire urban area, variability of acceleration/deceleration and lateral position were increased. In addition, PDT performance indicated higher workload when curves were present (versus absent). Gate constructions locally reduced speed (i.e., shortly before and after the entrance) and slightly increased variability of acceleration/deceleration and lateral position nearby the entrance. However, the effects on SDL-A/D and SDLP are too small to expect traffic safety problems. It can be concluded that both curves and gate constructions can improve traffic safety. Notwithstanding, the decision to implement these measures will depend on contextual factors such as whether the road serves a traffic-, rather than a residential function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ariën
- Transportation Research Institute, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 5 (bus 6), BE-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Guo Z, Wan H, Zhao Y, Wang H, Li Z. Driving Simulation Study on Speed-change Lanes of the Multi-lane Freeway Interchange. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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