Ahirwar R, Bhattacharya A, Kumar S. Unveiling the underpinnings of various non-conventional ELISA variants: a review article.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022;
22:761-774. [PMID:
36004453 DOI:
10.1080/14737159.2022.2117615]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a key bio-analytical technique used for the detection of a large array of antigenic substances of scientific, clinical, food safety, and environmental importance. The assay primarily involves capturing and detecting target analytes using specific antigen-antibody interactions. The wide usage of ELISA shoulders on its high specificity and reproducibility. Notwithstanding, the conventional microwell plate-based format of ELISA has some major drawbacks, such as long assay time (4 - 18 h), large sample volumes requirement (100 - 200 μL), lack of multiplicity, and burdensome procedures that limit its utility in rapid and affordable diagnostics.
AREAS COVERED
Here, we reviewed microfluidic-ELISA, paper-ELISA, aptamer-ELISA, and those based on novel incubation such as heat-ELISA, pressure-ELISA, microwave-ELISA, and sound-ELISA. Further, the current trends and future prospects of these ELISA protocols in clinical diagnostics are discussed.
EXPERT OPINION
The reviewed non-conventional ELISA formats are relatively rapid, require low reagent volumes, are multiplexable, and could be performed in a low-cost setup. In our opinion, these non-conventional variants of ELISA are on a par with the conventional format for clinical diagnostics and fundamental biological research and hold added clinical translational potential for quick, inexpensive, and convenient measurements.
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