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Schirmer TM, Scherf KA. Influence of baking conditions on the extractability and immunochemical detection of wheat gluten proteins. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 6:100431. [PMID: 36636725 PMCID: PMC9829696 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Food processing conditions affect the accurate detection of gluten by ELISA, which is of importance for proper gluten-free labelling. We prepared different wheat flour-based and incurred baked goods (bread, crispbread, pretzel) to investigate the influence of baking conditions and alkali treatment on gluten quantitation by ELISA using different extraction solvents. Protein composition and extractability were determined (SDS-PAGE, RP-HPLC, GP-HPLC). The extraction solvents showed different performances; none of them could compensate the effect of baking on the detection. Dough preparation, baking and additional alkali treatment decreased protein extractability under reducing and non-reducing conditions. High temperature combined with alkali treatment resulted in the lowest protein extractabilities (<77% for bread crust, <61% for pretzel crust) due to the formation of disulfide and non-disulfide gluten crosslinks. There was no clear correlation between the protein composition and the extractability of alcohol- and SDS-soluble proteins of the baked goods. Thus, this research shows that gluten extractability rather than gluten composition is crucial for detection by ELISA in baked goods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Miriam Schirmer
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Katharina Anne Scherf
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany,Department of Bioactive and Functional Food Chemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20 a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany,Corresponding author. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20 a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany. https://bioactivefc.iab.kit.edu
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Zhang Y, Dong L, Zhang J, Shi J, Wang Y, Wang S. Adverse Effects of Thermal Food Processing on the Structural, Nutritional, and Biological Properties of Proteins. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2021; 12:259-286. [PMID: 33770470 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-062320-012215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Thermal processing is one of the most important processing methods in the food industry. However, many studies have revealed that thermal processing can have detrimental effects on the nutritional and functional properties of foods because of the complex interactions among food components. Proteins are essential nutrients for humans, and changes in the structure and nutritional properties of proteins can substantially impact the biological effects of foods. This review focuses on the interactions among proteins, sugars, and lipids during thermal food processing and the effects of these interactions on the structure, nutritional value, and biological effects of proteins. In particular, the negative effects of modified proteins on human health and strategies for mitigating these detrimental effects from two perspectives, namely, reducing the formation of modified proteins during thermal processing and dietary intervention in vivo, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
| | - Lu Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
| | - Jinhui Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
| | - Yaya Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
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Abstract
The Maillard reaction is of great significance in food, herb medicines, and life processes. It is usually occurring during the process of food and herb medicines processing and storage. The formed Maillard reaction productions (MRPs) in food and herb medicines not only generate a large number of efficacy components but also generate a small amount of harmful substance that cannot be ignored. Some of the MRPs, especially the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are concerning humans, based on the possibility to induce cancer and mutations in laboratory animals. Numerous studies have been reported on the formation, analysis, and control of the potentially harmful MRPs (PHMRPs). Therefore, the investigation into the formation, analysis, and control of PHMRPs in food and herb medicines is very important for improving the quality and safety of food and herb medicines. This article provides a brief review of the formation, analysis (major content), and control of PHMRPs in food and herb medicines, which will provide a base and reference for safe processing and storage of food and herb medicines. Practical Applications. The formed Maillard reaction productions in food and herb medicines not only generate a large number of functional components but also generate a small amount of harmful substance that cannot be ignored. This contribution provides a brief review on the formation (including the correlative studies between MRs and the PHMRPs, mechanisms, and the main pathways); analysis (major content, pretreatment for analysis, qualitative and quantitative analysis, and structural identification analysis); and control (strategies and mechanisms) of PHMRPs in food and herb medicines, which will provide a solid theoretical foundation and a valuable reference for safe processing and storage for food and herb medicines.
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Gaar J, Naffa R, Brimble M. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic crosslinks found in collagen and elastin and their chemical synthesis. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00624f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This review summarized the enzymatic and non-enzymatic crosslinks found in collagen and elastin and their organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Gaar
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland Central 1010
- New Zealand
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery
| | - Rafea Naffa
- New Zealand Leather and Shoe Research Association
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
| | - Margaret Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland Central 1010
- New Zealand
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery
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Pestov AV, Mehaev AV, Kodess MI, Ezhikova MA, Azarova YA, Bratskaya SY. Imidazolyl derivative of chitosan with high substitution degree: Synthesis, characterization and sorption properties. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 138:252-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Monnier VM, Sun W, Sell DR, Fan X, Nemet I, Genuth S. Glucosepane: a poorly understood advanced glycation end product of growing importance for diabetes and its complications. Clin Chem Lab Med 2014; 52:21-32. [PMID: 23787467 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2013-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) represent a family of protein, peptide, amino acid, nucleic acid and lipid adducts formed by the reaction of carbonyl compounds derived directly or indirectly from glucose, ascorbic acid and other metabolites such as methylglyoxal. AGE formation in diabetes is of growing importance for their role as markers and potential culprits of diabetic complications, in particular retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Development of sensitive and specific assays utilizing liquid chromatography mass spectrometry with isotope dilution method has made it possible to detect and quantitate non-UV active AGEs such as carboxymethyl-lysine and glucosepane, the most prevalent AGE and protein crosslink of the extracellular matrix. Below we review studies on AGE formation in two skin biopsies obtained near the closeout of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), one of which was processed in 2011 for assay of novel AGEs. The results of these analyses show that while several AGEs are associated and predict complication progression, the glucose/fructose-lysine/glucosepane AGE axis is one of the most robust markers for microvascular disease, especially retinopathy, in spite of adjustment for past or future average glycemia. Yet overall little biological and clinical information is available on glucosepane, making this review a call for data in a field of growing importance for diabetes and chronic metabolic diseases of aging.
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Arena S, Salzano AM, Renzone G, D'Ambrosio C, Scaloni A. Non-enzymatic glycation and glycoxidation protein products in foods and diseases: an interconnected, complex scenario fully open to innovative proteomic studies. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2014; 33:49-77. [PMID: 24114996 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Maillard reaction includes a complex network of processes affecting food and biopharmaceutical products; it also occurs in living organisms and has been strictly related to cell aging, to the pathogenesis of several (chronic) diseases, such as diabetes, uremia, cataract, liver cirrhosis and various neurodegenerative pathologies, as well as to peritoneal dialysis treatment. Dozens of compounds are involved in this process, among which a number of protein-adducted derivatives that have been simplistically defined as early, intermediate and advanced glycation end-products. In the last decade, various bottom-up proteomic approaches have been successfully used for the identification of glycation/glycoxidation protein targets as well as for the characterization of the corresponding adducts, including assignment of the modified amino acids. This article provides an updated overview of the mass spectrometry-based procedures developed to this purpose, emphasizing their partial limits with respect to current proteomic approaches for the analysis of other post-translational modifications. These limitations are mainly related to the concomitant sheer diversity, chemical complexity, and variable abundance of the various derivatives to be characterized. Some challenges to scientists are finally proposed for future proteomic investigations to solve main drawbacks in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Arena
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147, Naples, Italy
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Bachi A, Dalle-Donne I, Scaloni A. Redox Proteomics: Chemical Principles, Methodological Approaches and Biological/Biomedical Promises. Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300073p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bachi
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy
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Rombouts I, Lagrain B, Brijs K, Delcour JA. Polymerization Reactions of Wheat Gluten: The Pretzel Case. CEREAL FOOD WORLD 2012. [DOI: 10.1094/cfw-57-5-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Rombouts
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - B. Lagrain
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K. Brijs
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. A. Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Rombouts I, Lagrain B, Brijs K, Delcour JA. Cross-linking of wheat gluten proteins during production of hard pretzels. Amino Acids 2011; 42:2429-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nemet I, Strauch CM, Monnier VM. Favored and disfavored pathways of protein crosslinking by glucose: glucose lysine dimer (GLUCOLD) and crossline versus glucosepane. Amino Acids 2010; 40:167-81. [PMID: 20607325 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe the isolation and molecular characterization of a novel glucose-lysine dimer crosslink 1,3-bis-(5-amino-5-carboxypentyl)-4-(1',2',3',4'-tetrahydroxybutyl)-3H-imidazolium salt, named GLUCOLD. GLUCOLD was easily formed from the Amadori product (fructose-lysine). However, when BSA was incubated with 100 mM glucose for 25 days, the levels of the lysine-lysine glucose crosslinks GLUCOLD and CROSSLINE were only 21 and <1 pmol/mg, respectively, compared to 611 pmol/mg protein for the lysine-arginine GLUCOSEPANE crosslink, in spite of more than 20 potential lysine-lysine crosslinking sites in the protein. Mechanistic investigation revealed that metal-free phosphate ions catalyzed formation of fructose-lysine and all three crosslinks from amino acids, while cationic MOPS buffer had an opposite effect. This together with the rapid formation of N (6)-1,4-dideoxy-5,6-dioxoglucosone derivatives by dicarbonyl trapping agents, such as 1,2-diaminobenzene or γ-guanidinobutyric acid, strongly suggests that enolization of the Amadori product and trapping of the 5,6-dioxo derivative by arginine residues constitutes the major pathway for glucose-mediated crosslinking in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Nemet
- Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Research Bldg., 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106-7288, USA
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Identification of damaged proteins in human serum using modified Ehrlich's reagent to target protein-bound pyrroles. Anal Biochem 2009; 398:76-82. [PMID: 19932075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein-bound pyrroles are a sign of oxidative damage. Here we report a specific method for detecting pyrrole-containing proteins using biotin-labeled Ehrlich's reagent (ER-B). After treatment of either human serum or isolated human serum proteins with various oxidizing agents, damaged, biotin-labeled components could be detected by blotting. Combining the use of ER-B with proteomic techniques allowed human serum proteins susceptible to oxidative damage to be detected and then identified by LC/MS/MS. Identification of such proteins in different human conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease should lead to the discovery of new biomarkers and the development of specific assays to monitor health status.
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Monajjemzadeh F, Hassanzadeh D, Valizadeh H, Siahi-Shadbad MR, Mojarrad JS, Robertson T, Roberts MS. Assessment of feasibility of maillard reaction between baclofen and lactose by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, application to pre formulation studies. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:649-59. [PMID: 19455427 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine any possible, baclofen-lactose Maillard reaction products. Granules and tablets of baclofen and lactose were prepared and maintained in heat ovens for a certain time period. The effects of lactose type, addition of magnesium stearate, and water were monitored. Heated lactose and baclofen were analyzed using reverse-phase HPLC. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy revealed nominal mass values consistent with baclofen-lactose, early-stage Maillard reaction condensation products (ESMRP). Multiple reaction monitoring confirmed the presence of ESMRP as well. FTIR analysis proved the formation of imine bond. The results indicated that baclofen undergoes a Maillard-type reaction with lactose.
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