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Ojo OO, Leake DS. Vitamins E and C do not effectively inhibit low density lipoprotein oxidation by ferritin at lysosomal pH. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:525-534. [PMID: 34396869 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1964494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Low density lipoprotein (LDL) might be oxidized by iron in the lysosomes of macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. We have shown previously that the iron-storage proteinferritin can oxidize LDL at lysosomal pH. We have now investigated the roles of the most important antioxidant contained in LDL, α-tocopherol (the main form of vitamin E) and of ascorbate (vitamin C), a major water-soluble antioxidant, on LDL oxidation by ferritin at lysosomal pH (pH 4.5). We incubated LDL with ferritin at pH 4.5 and 37 °C and measured its oxidation by monitoring the formation of conjugated dienes at 234 n min a spectrophotometer. α-Tocopherol is well known to inhibit LDL oxidation at pH 7.4, but enrichment of LDL with α-tocopherol was unable to inhibit LDL oxidation by ferritin at pH 4.5. Ascorbate had a complex effect on LDL oxidation by ferritin at lysosomal pH and exhibited both antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects. It had no antioxidant effect on partially oxidized LDL, only a pro-oxidant effect. Ascorbate completely inhibited LDL oxidation by copper at pH 7.4 for a long period, but in marked contrast did not inhibit LDL oxidation by copper at lysosomal pH. Dehydroascorbate, the oxidation product of ascorbate, had a pronounced pro-oxidant effect on LDL incubated with ferritin at pH 4.5. The inability of α-tocopherol and ascorbate to effectively inhibit LDL oxidation by ferritin at lysosomal pH might help to explain why the large clinical trials with these vitamins failed to show protection against cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin O Ojo
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - David S Leake
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, UK
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The Bioactive Compound Contents and Potential Protective Effects of Royal Jelly Protein Hydrolysates against DNA Oxidative Damage and LDL Oxidation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040580. [PMID: 33918639 PMCID: PMC8069633 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the inhibition of DNA oxidative damage and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation of royal jelly protein (RJP) hydrolysates obtained from two commercial proteases were investigated. The results showed that the inhibition of DNA oxidative damage induced by the Fenton reaction, RJP, RJPs hydrolyzed by alcalase (RJP-A), RJPs hydrolyzed by flavourzyme (RPJ-F) and RJP two-stage hydrolysates (RPJ-AF) all had the effect of inhibiting deoxyribose oxidative damage. The inhibition effect of RJP, RJP-A, RJP-F and RJP-AF (1.0 mg/mL) were 47.06%, 33.70%, 24.19% and 43.09%, respectively. In addition, studies have also found that both RJP and RJP hydrolysates can reduce the production of 8-OH-2'-dG and the order of its inhibitory ability is RJP-AF ≒ RJP-A > RJP-F > RJP. The inhibition of DNA damage induced by bleomycin-Fe3+/ascorbic acid (Asc) with the addition of RJP, RJP-A, RPJ-F and RPJ-AF were 17.16%, 30.88%, 25.00% and 37.25%, respectively. The results of LDL oxidation inhibition showed that RJP-AF (1 mg/mL) not only had the most effective inhibitory Cu2+-induced LDL oxidation to produce a thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) but also extended the lag time of conjugated diene formation to 300 min, which was 3.3 times that of the control group.
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Božić B, Korać J, Stanković DM, Stanić M, Popović-Bijelić A, Bogdanović Pristov J, Spasojević I, Bajčetić M. Mechanisms of redox interactions of bilirubin with copper and the effects of penicillamine. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 278:129-134. [PMID: 29079291 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Toxic effects of unconjugated bilirubin (BR) in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia have been related to redox and/or coordinate interactions with Cu2+. However, the development and mechanisms of such interactions at physiological pH have not been resolved. This study shows that BR reduces Cu2+ to Cu1+ in 1:1 stoichiometry. Apparently, BR undergoes degradation, i.e. BR and Cu2+ do not form stable complexes. The binding of Cu2+ to inorganic phosphates, liposomal phosphate groups, or to chelating drug penicillamine, impedes redox interactions with BR. Cu1+ undergoes spontaneous oxidation by O2 resulting in hydrogen peroxide accumulation and hydroxyl radical production. In relation to this, copper and BR induced synergistic oxidative/damaging effects on erythrocytes membrane, which were alleviated by penicillamine. The production of reactive oxygen species by BR and copper represents a plausible cause of BR toxic effects and cell damage in hyperbilirubinemia. Further examination of therapeutic potentials of copper chelators in the treatment of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Božić
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 38, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Korać
- Life Sciences Department, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dalibor M Stanković
- The Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, POB 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Innovation Center of the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Marina Stanić
- Life Sciences Department, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Popović-Bijelić
- EPR Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Bogdanović Pristov
- Life Sciences Department, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Spasojević
- Life Sciences Department, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milica Bajčetić
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 38, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University Children's Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Is GERD a Factor in Osteonecrosis of the Jaw? Evidence of Pathology Linked to G6PD Deficiency and Sulfomucins. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:8376979. [PMID: 27773962 PMCID: PMC5059643 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8376979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), a rare side effect of bisphosphonate therapy, is a debilitating disorder with a poorly understood etiology. FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) provides the opportunity to investigate this disease. Our goals were to analyze FAERS data to discover possible relationships between ONJ and specific conditions and drugs and then to consult the scientific literature to deduce biological explanations. Our methodology revealed a very strong association between gastroesophageal reflux and bisphosphonate-induced ONJ, suggesting acidosis as a key factor. Overgrowth of acidophilic species, particularly Streptococcus mutans, in the oral microbiome in the context of insufficient acid buffering due to impaired salivary glands maintains the low pH that sustains damage to the mucosa. Significant associations between ONJ and adrenal insufficiency, vitamin C deficiency, and Sjögren's syndrome were found. Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency can explain much of the pathology. An inability to maintain vitamin C and other antioxidants in the reduced form leads to vascular oxidative damage and impaired adrenal function. Thus, pathogen-induced acidosis, hypoxia, and insufficient antioxidant defenses together induce ONJ. G6PD deficiency and adrenal insufficiency are underlying factors. Impaired supply of adrenal-derived sulfated sterols such as DHEA sulfate may drive the disease process.
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Kinetic modeling of low density lipoprotein oxidation in arterial wall and its application in atherosclerotic lesions prediction. Chem Phys Lipids 2013; 175-176:1-8. [PMID: 23920081 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is one of the major factors in atherogenic process. Trapped oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) in the subendothelial matrix is taken up by macrophage and leads to foam cell generation creating the first step in atherosclerosis development. Many researchers have studied LDL oxidation using in vitro cell-induced LDL oxidation model. The present study provides a kinetic model for LDL oxidation in intima layer that can be used in modeling of atherosclerotic lesions development. This is accomplished by considering lipid peroxidation kinetic in LDL through a system of elementary reactions. In comparison, characteristics of our proposed kinetic model are consistent with the results of previous experimental models from other researches. Furthermore, our proposed LDL oxidation model is added to the mass transfer equation in order to predict the LDL concentration distribution in intima layer which is usually difficult to measure experimentally. According to the results, LDL oxidation kinetic constant is an important parameter that affects LDL concentration in intima layer so that existence of antioxidants that is responsible for the reduction of initiating rates and prevention of radical formations, have increased the concentration of LDL in intima by reducing the LDL oxidation rate.
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Macrophages actively accumulate malonyldialdehyde-modified but not enzymatically oxidized low density lipoprotein. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 365:93-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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GHAFFARI MOHAMMADALI, GHIASVAND TAIBEH. THE STUDY OF KINETIC INHIBITION OF COPPER (II)-INDUCED OXIDATION OF LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN BY LYCOPENE. J Food Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Leonarduzzi G, Sottero B, Poli G. Targeting tissue oxidative damage by means of cell signaling modulators: The antioxidant concept revisited. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 128:336-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Protective role of arzanol against lipid peroxidation in biological systems. Chem Phys Lipids 2010; 164:24-32. [PMID: 20932961 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the protective effect of arzanol, a pyrone-phloroglucinol etherodimer from Helichrysum italicum subsp. microphyllum, against the oxidative modification of lipid components induced by Cu(2+) ions in human low density lipoprotein (LDL) and by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBH) in cell membranes. LDL pre-treatment with arzanol significantly preserved lipoproteins from oxidative damage at 2h of oxidation, and showed a remarkable protective effect on the reduction of polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol levels, inhibiting the increase of oxidative products (conjugated dienes fatty acids hydroperoxides, 7β-hydroxycholesterol, and 7-ketocholesterol). Arzanol, at non-cytotoxic concentrations, exerted a noteworthy protection on TBH-induced oxidative damage in a line of fibroblasts derived from monkey kidney (Vero cells) and in human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2), decreasing, in both cell lines, the formation of oxidative products (hydroperoxides and 7-ketocholesterol) from the degradation of unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. The cellular uptake and transepithelial transport of the compound were also investigated in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Arzanol appeared to accumulate in Caco-2 epithelial cells. This phenol was able to pass through the intestinal Caco-2 monolayers, the apparent permeability coefficients (P(app)) in the apical-to-basolateral and basolateral-to-apical direction at 2h were 1.93±0.36×10(-5) and 2.20±0.004×10(-5)cm/s, respectively, suggesting a passive diffusion pathway. The results of the work qualify arzanol as a potent natural antioxidant with a protective effect against lipid oxidation in biological systems.
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Clausen MR, Connolly C, Skibsted LH, Stagsted J. Oxidative stability of bovine milk determined by individual variability in herd irrespective of selenium status. Int Dairy J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Schinella G, Mosca S, Cienfuegos-Jovellanos E, Pasamar MÁ, Muguerza B, Ramón D, Ríos JL. Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-rich cocoa products industrially processed. Food Res Int 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kim JI, Lee JH, Choi DS, Won BM, Jung MY, Park J. Kinetic Study of the Quenching Reaction of Singlet Oxygen by Common Synthetic Antioxidants (tert-Butylhydroxyanisol,tert-di-Butylhydroxytoluene, andtert-Butylhydroquinone) as Compared with α-Tocopherol. J Food Sci 2009; 74:C362-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Nutrition and metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2009; 20:63-72. [PMID: 19106709 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e32832402a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Methodological aspects about in vitro evaluation of antioxidant properties. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 613:1-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2007] [Revised: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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