Computer delivered intervention for alcohol and sexual risk reduction among women attending an urban sexually transmitted infection clinic: A randomized controlled trial

Benzodiazepines use and dependence in female patients with overactive bladder symptoms - prevalence and clinical correlations

Introduction

GABAergic sedative-hypnotics, including benzodiazepines (BDZs) and Z-drugs, are some of the most used and misused psychotropic medications in developed countries. Growing evidence points to the role of psychiatric comorbidities in overactive bladder (OAB) and in urge urinary incontinence. The aim of the present study was to evaluate: 1) the prevalence of BDZs and/or Z-drugs use in female OAB patients, 2) the risk of dependence on BDZs and/or Z-drugs in female OAB patients, 3) the relationship between the use of BDZs and/or Z-drugs and the severity of OAB symptoms.

Material and methods

The prevalence of BDZs and/or Z-drugs use, the risk of dependence on BDZs and/or Z-drugs, and the relationship between the use of BDZs and/or Z-drugs and the severity of OAB symptoms was assessed in OAB patients recruited in the urogynecological outpatient clinic.

Results

A higher percentage of OAB patients confirmed the use of GABAergic sedative-hypnotics in the last 12 months as compared to the non-OAB outpatients presenting for routine gynecological prophylaxis. A larger number of OAB patients (5.6%) met the diagnosis of lifetime BDZ (and/or Z-drug) dependence as compared to the controls (0.9%). The use of sedative-hypnotics did not correlate with OAB symptoms.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the use of and dependence on GABAergic sedative-hypnotics may be associated with the OAB diagnosis in female urogynecological patients.

Digital interventions for reducing alcohol use in general populations: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

This article updates a 2017 review on the effectiveness of digital interventions for reducing alcohol use in the general population. An updated systematic search of the MEDLINE database was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from January 2017 to June 2022 that evaluated the effectiveness of digital interventions compared with no interventions, minimal interventions, and face-to-face interventions aimed at reducing alcohol use in the general population and, that also reported changes in alcohol use (quantity, frequency, quantity per drinking day, heavy episodic drinking (HED), or alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) scores). A secondary analysis was performed that analyzed data from RCTs conducted in students. The review was not preregistered. The search produced 2224 articles. A total of 80 studies were included in the review, 35 of which were published after the last systematic review. A total of 66, 20, 18, 26, and 9 studies assessed the impact of digital interventions on alcohol quantity, frequency, quantity per drinking day, HED, and AUDIT scores, respectively. Individuals randomized to the digital interventions drank 4.12 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.88, 5.36) fewer grams of alcohol per day, had 0.17 (95% CI 0.06, 0.29) fewer drinking days per week, drank approximately 3.89 (95% CI: 0.40, 7.38) fewer grams of alcohol per drinking day, had 1.11 (95% CI: 0.32, 1.91) fewer HED occasions per month, and had an AUDIT score 3.04 points lower (95% CI: 2.23, 3.85) than individuals randomized to the control condition. Significant reductions in alcohol quantity, frequency, and HED, but not quantity per drinking day, were observed among students. Digital interventions show potential for reducing alcohol use in general populations and could be used widely at the population level to reduce alcohol-attributable harms.

Digital Help for Substance Users (SU): A Systematic Review

The estimated number of Substance Users (SU) globally has currently reached a very high number and is still increasing. This aspect necessitates appropriate interventions for prevention and specific treatments. The literature shows that digital treatments can be useful in the context of health services and substance abuse. This systematic review focuses mainly on research on the effectiveness of digital treatments for SU. Data sources included studies found on PsycINFO, PubMed, SCOPUS, and WebOfScience (WOS) database searches. The following keywords were used: TITLE (digital OR computer OR software OR tablet OR app OR videogame OR seriousgame OR virtualreality) AND ABSTRACT((mental AND health) AND (addiction OR dependence OR substance OR drug)). We focused on peer-reviewed articles published from 2010 through 2021 using PRISMA guidelines. A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria (i.e., type of intervention, efficacy in terms of misuse of substances and scored outcomes from questionnaire or toxicology tests, study methodology). The studies included investigations of specific digital treatments for SU of various kinds of drugs. The interventions were administered using personal computers, smartphones, or, in a few cases, tablets. Most of the interventions focused on the cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) model and/or on the use strategies, tips, or feedback. A minority provided information or training programs. The current review shows that digital treatments and interventions are effective in reducing the frequency of use, augmenting abstinence, or reducing the gravity of dependence for most of the studies at post-treatment. However, due to the heterogeneity of the variables (i.e., substance type, digital tool used, and treatment administered), there was a reduced generalizability of the results. This review highlights the need to continue the research in this field, and above all, to create effective digital protocols.