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Naylor CN, Clowers BH, Schlottmann F, Solle N, Zimmermann S. Implementation of an Open-Source Multiplexing Ion Gate Control for High Kinetic Energy Ion Mobility Spectrometry (HiKE-IMS). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023. [PMID: 37276587 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With ion mobility spectrometry increasingly used in mass spectrometry to enhance separation by increasing orthogonality, low ion throughput is a challenge for the drift-tube ion mobility experiment. The High Kinetic Energy Ion Mobility Spectrometer (HiKE-IMS) is no exception and routinely uses duty cycles of less than 0.1%. Multiplexing techniques such as Fourier transform and Hadamard transform represent two of the most common approaches used in the literature to improve ion throughput for the IMS experiment; these techniques promise increased duty cycles of up to 50% and an increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). With no instrument modifications required, we present the implementation of Hadamard Transform on the HiKE-IMS using a low cost, high-speed (600 MHz), open source microcontroller, a Teensy 4.1. Compared to signal average mode, 7- to 10-bit pseudorandom binary sequences resulted in increased analyte signal by over a factor of 3. However, the maximum SNR gain of 10 did not approach the theoretical 2n-1 gain largely due to capacitive coupling of the ion gate modulation with the Faraday plate used as a detector. Even when utilizing an inverse Hadamard technique, capacitive coupling was not completely eliminated. Regardless, the benefits of multiplexing IMS coupled to mass spectrometers are well documented throughout literature, and this first effort serves as a proof of concept for multiplexing HiKE-IMS. Finally, the highly flexible Teensy used in this effort can be used to multiplex other devices or can be used for Fourier transform instead of Hadamard transform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron N Naylor
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover Germany
| | - Brian H Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Florian Schlottmann
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover Germany
| | - Nic Solle
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover Germany
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover Germany
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2
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Braathen MR, Rimstad I, Dybvik T, Nygård S, Ræder J. Online exhaled propofol monitoring in normal-weight and obese surgical patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2022; 66:598-605. [PMID: 35138633 PMCID: PMC9305953 DOI: 10.1111/aas.14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) allows for online quantification of exhaled propofol concentrations. We aimed to validate a bedside online IMS device, the Edmon®, for predicting plasma concentrations of propofol in normal‐weight and obese patients. Methods Patients with body mass index (BMI) >20 kg/m2 scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy or bariatric surgery were recruited. Exhaled propofol concentrations (CA), arterial plasma propofol concentrations (CP) and bispectral index (BIS) values were collected during target‐controlled infusion (TCI) anaesthesia. Generalised estimation equation (GEE) was applied to all samples and stable‐phase samples at different delays for best fit between CP and CA. BMI was evaluated as covariate. BIS and exhaled propofol correlations were also assessed with GEE. Results A total of 29 patients (BMI 20.3–53.7) were included. A maximal R2 of 0.58 was found during stable concentrations with 5 min delay of CA to CP; the intercept a = −0.69 (95% CI −1.7, 0.3) and slope b = 0.87 (95% CI 0.7, 1.1). BMI was found to be a non‐significant covariate. The median absolute performance error predicting plasma propofol concentrations was 13.4%. At a CA of 5 ppb, the model predicts a CP of 3.6 μg/ml (95% CI ±1.4). There was a maximal negative correlation of R2 = 0.44 at 2‐min delay from CA to BIS. Conclusions Online monitoring of exhaled propofol concentrations is clinically feasible in normal‐weight and obese patients. With a 5‐min delay, our model outperforms the Marsh plasma TCI model in a post hoc analysis. Modest correlation with plasma concentrations makes the clinical usefulness questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R. Braathen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Anaesthesiology Division of Critical Care Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Ivan Rimstad
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Anaesthesiology Division of Critical Care Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Terje Dybvik
- Department of Anaesthesiology Division of Critical Care Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Ståle Nygård
- Department of Informatics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Biostatistics Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Johan Ræder
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Anaesthesiology Division of Critical Care Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
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Brendel R, Rohn S, Weller P. Nitrogen monoxide as dopant for enhanced selectivity of isomeric monoterpenes in drift tube ion mobility spectrometry with 3H ionization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3551-3560. [PMID: 33839916 PMCID: PMC8105222 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ion mobility spectra of the isomeric monoterpenes α-pinene, β-pinene, myrcene, and limonene in drift tube ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) with 3H radioactive ionization are highly similar and difficult to distinguish. The aim of this work was to enhance the selectivity of IMS by the addition of nitrogen monoxide (NO) as dopant and to investigate the underlying changes in ion formation responsible for the modified ion signals observed in the ion mobility spectra. Even though 3H-based-IMS systems have been used in hyphenation with gas chromatography (GC) for profiling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the investigation of ion formation still remains challenging and was exemplified by the investigated monoterpenes. Nonetheless, the formation of monomeric, dimeric, and trimeric ion clusters could be tentatively confirmed by a mass-to-mobility correlation and the highly similar pattern of ion signals in the monomer region was attributed to isomerization mechanisms potentially occurring after proton transfer reactions. The addition of NO as dopant could finally lead to the formation of additional product ions and increased the selectivity of IMS for the investigated monoterpenes as confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA). The discrimination of monoterpenes in the volatile profile is highly relevant in the quality control of hops and was given as the example for application. The results indicate that additional product ions were obtained by the formation of NO+ adduct ions, next to hydride abstraction, charge transfer, or fragmentation reactions. This approach can potentially leverage selectivity issues in VOC profiling of complex matrices, such as food matrices or raw materials in combination with chemometric pattern recognition techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Brendel
- Institute for Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalytics, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Strasse 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany.,Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, TIB 4/3-1, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Weller
- Institute for Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalytics, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Strasse 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany.
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Alikord M, Mohammadi A, Kamankesh M, Shariatifar N. Food safety and quality assessment: comprehensive review and recent trends in the applications of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4833-4866. [PMID: 33554631 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1879003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is an analytical separation and diagnostic technique that is simple and sensitive and a rapid response and low-priced technique for detecting trace levels of chemical compounds in different matrices. Chemical agents and environmental contaminants are successfully detected by IMS and have been recently considered to employ in food safety. In addition, IMS uses stand-alone or coupled analytical diagnostic tools with chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Scientific publications show that IMS has been applied 21% in the pharmaceutical industry, 9% in environmental studies and 13% in quality control and food safety. Nevertheless, applications of IMS in food safety and quality analysis have not been adequately explored. This review presents the IMS-related analysis and focuses on the application of IMS in food safety and quality. This review presents the important topics including detection of traces of chemicals, rate of food spoilage and freshness, food adulteration and authenticity as well as natural toxins, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, veterinary, and growth promoter drug residues. Further, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), acrylamide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), biogenic amines, nitrosamine, furfural, phenolic compounds, heavy metals, food packaging materials, melamine, and food additives were also examined for the first time. Therefore, it is logical to predict that the application of the IMS technique in food safety, food quality, and contaminant analysis will be impressively increased in the future. HighlightsCurrent status of IMS for residues and contaminant detection in food safety.To assess all the detected contaminants in food safety, for the first time.Identified IMS-related parameters and chemical compounds in food safety control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Alikord
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Mohammadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Kamankesh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Halal Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Jiang D, Chen C, Wang W, Wang W, Li M, Wang X, Liu Y, Li E, Li H. Breath-by-breath measurement of intraoperative propofol by unidirectional anisole-assisted photoionization ion mobility spectrometry via real-time correction of humidity. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1150:338223. [PMID: 33583551 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Humidity as a major issue affects the quantitative performance of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) in field applications. According to the kinetic equations of ion-molecular reaction, the intensity ratio of the product ion peak (PIP) over the reactant ion peak (RIP) is proposed as a quantitative factor to correct real-time humidity variation. By coupling this method with a unidirectional anisole-assisted photoionization IMS, direct breath-by-breath measurement of intraoperative propofol was achieved for the first time, which provided more clinical information for studying the anesthetics pharmacokinetics. Although the signal intensities of the RIP and the propofol PIP both declined along with the increase of humidity, the intensity ratio of Propofol/(RIP + Propofol) kept almost constant in a wide relative humidity range of 0%-98%, enabling direct quantitation of exhaled propofol with varying humidity. Furthermore, interfering ion peaks resulted from the high concentration humidity and anesthetics in single exhalation were eliminated during the balanced anesthesia as the exhaled sample was diluted by the unidirectional gas flow scheme. As a demonstration, breath-by-breath variation profiles of propofol were obtained via monitoring end-tidal propofol concentration of intraoperative anesthetized patients (n = 7). The analyses were quantitative, corrected for humidity in real-time, without measuring the humidity content of each breath sample during operation, which show potential for the quantitative analysis of other high humidity samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Enyou Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China.
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Wu C, Wen Y, Hua L, Jiang J, Xie Y, Cao Y, Chai S, Hou K, Li H. Rapid and highly sensitive measurement of trimethylamine in seawater using dynamic purge-release and dopant-assisted atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1137:56-63. [PMID: 33153609 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Trimethylamine (TMA) is ubiquitous in the marine systems and may affect atmospheric chemistry as a precursor and strong stabilizer of atmospheric secondary aerosol, influencing cloud formation. Rapid and accurate measurement of the concentration of TMA in seawater is challenging due to their polarity, aqueous solubility, volatility and existence at low concentrations in marine environments. In this study, a dopant-assisted atmospheric pressure photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DA-APPI-TOFMS) coupled with a dynamic purge-release method was developed for rapid and sensitive analysis of TMA in seawater. A novel three-zones ionization source has been developed for improving the ionization efficiency of analyte molecules and minimizing the influence of high-humidity of the sample gas, which allowed direct analysis of high-humidity (RH> 90%) gas samples from microbubble purging process by the mass spectrometer. At atmospheric pressure, the three-zones ionization source allows the use of high-speed purge gas to quickly purge all organic amines dissolved in the water into the gas phase, ensuring quantitative accuracy. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for TMA down to 0.1 μg L-1 was obtained in less than 2 min by consuming only 2 mL seawater sample. This method was applied for the determination of the concentrations of TMA in the coastal seawater to validate its practicability and reliability for analysis of trace amines in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hua
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Chai
- College of Physics Department, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Keyong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.
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Xie Y, Li Q, Hua L, Chen P, Hu F, Wan N, Li H. Highly selective and sensitive online measurement of trace exhaled HCN by acetone-assisted negative photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry with in-source CID. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1111:31-39. [PMID: 32312394 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exhaled hydrogen cyanide (HCN) has been extensively investigated as a promising biomarker of the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) disease. Its concentration profile for exhalation can provide useful information for medical disease diagnosis and therapeutic procedures. However, the complexity of breath gas, like high humidity, carbon dioxide (CO2) and trace organic compounds, usually leads to quantitative error, poor selectivity and sensitivity for HCN with some of existing analytical techniques. In this work, acetone-assisted negative photoionization (AANP) based on a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lamp with a time-of- flight mass spectrometer (AANP-TOFMS) was firstly proposed for online measurement of trace HCN in human breath. In-source collision-induced dissociation (CID) was adopted for sensitivity improvement and the signal response of the characteristic ion CN- (m/z 26) was improved by about 24-fold. For accurate and reliable analysis of the exhaled HCN, matrix influences in the human breath including humidity and CO2 were investigated, respectively. A Nafion tube was used for online dehumidification of breath samples. Matrix-adapted calibration in the concentration range of 0.5-50 ppbv with satisfactory dynamic linearity and repeatability was obtained. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for HCN at 0.5 ppbv was achieved in the presence of 100% relative humidity and 4% CO2. Finally, the method was successfully applied for online determination of human mouth- and nose-exhaled HCN, and the nose-exhaled HCN were proved to be reliable for assessing systemic HCN levels for individuals. The results are encouraging and highlight the potential of AANP-TOFMS with in-source CID as a selective, accurate, sensitive and noninvasive technique for determination of the exhaled HCN for CF clinical diagnosis and HCN poisoning assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hua
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Hu
- Henan Province Medical Instrument Testing Institute, 79 Xiongerhe Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningbo Wan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China.
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Izadi Z, Tabrizchi M, Borsdorf H, Farrokhpour H. Humidity Effect on the Drift Times of the Reactant Ions in Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15932-15940. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Izadi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Tabrizchi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Helko Borsdorf
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hossein Farrokhpour
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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Chen C, Jiang D, Li H. UV photoionization ion mobility spectrometry: Fundamentals and applications. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1077:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Time-integrated thermal desorption for quantitative SIFT-MS analyses of atmospheric monoterpenes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2997-3007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01782-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Vautz W, Franzke J, Zampolli S, Elmi I, Liedtke S. On the potential of ion mobility spectrometry coupled to GC pre-separation – A tutorial. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1024:52-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Laser desorption-ion mobility spectrometry as a useful tool for imaging of thin layer chromatography surface. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1459:145-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Ilbeigi
- Department
of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Younes Valadbeigi
- Department
of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Tabrizchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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Dopant-assisted negative photoionization Ion mobility spectrometry coupled with on-line cooling inlet for real-time monitoring H2S concentration in sewer gas. Talanta 2016; 153:295-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Online Measurement of Exhaled NO Concentration and Its Production Sites by Fast Non-equilibrium Dilution Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23095. [PMID: 26975333 PMCID: PMC4791560 DOI: 10.1038/srep23095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most promising breath markers for respiratory diseases. Its profile for exhalation and the respiratory NO production sites can provide useful information for medical disease diagnosis and therapeutic procedures. However, the high-level moisture in exhaled gas always leads to the poor selectivity and sensitivity for ion spectrometric techniques. Herein, a method based on fast non-equilibrium dilution ion mobility spectrometry (NED-IMS) was firstly proposed to directly monitor the exhaled NO profile on line. The moisture interference was eliminated by turbulently diluting the original moisture to 21% of the original with the drift gas and dilution gas. Weak enhancement was observed for humid NO response and its limit of detection at 100% relative humidity was down to 0.58 ppb. The NO concentrations at multiple exhalation flow rates were measured, while its respiratory production sites were determined by using two-compartment model (2CM) and Högman and Meriläinen algorithm (HMA). Last but not the least, the NO production sites were analyzed hourly to tentatively investigate the daily physiological process of NO. The results demonstrated the capacity of NED-IMS in the real-time analysis of exhaled NO and its production sites for clinical diagnosis and assessment.
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Arnanthigo Y, Anttalainen O, Safaei Z, Sillanpää M. Sniff-testing for indoor air contaminants from new buildings environment detecting by aspiration-type ion mobility spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-016-0189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Criado-García L, Arce L, Valcárcel M. Membrane set up combined with photoionization-ion mobility spectrometer to improve analytical performance and avoid humidity interference on the determination of aromatics in gaseous samples. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1431:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sen Majumder S, Bhadra A. When Love Is in the Air: Understanding Why Dogs Tend to Mate when It Rains. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143501. [PMID: 26629906 PMCID: PMC4668084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonality of reproduction is observed in many species of organisms, across taxa, and is influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors. While such seasonality is easy to understand in temperate species exposed to extreme climates, it is more difficult to explain in the tropics. In many tropical species offspring are born during the season of high precipitation, which also coincides with high resource availability. Interestingly, in India, free-ranging dogs seem to mate, and not whelp, when it rains—an observation that cannot be explained by the resource abundance hypothesis. We carried out an extensive study to identify the mating seasons of free-ranging dogs, and observed a strong correlation between both the incidence and frequency of mating related behaviours of dogs, and precipitation levels. There are two clear mating seasons, of which the primary mating season coincides with the monsoon (rainy season) and the secondary mating season coincides with the nor’westerlies in this part of India. We speculate that this strong correlation is an effect of chemistry, rather than biology. While male dogs can mate round the year, females come into estrous seasonally. In the urban environment, dogs are exposed to a lot of olfactory noise, which can dilute the signal present in sex pheromones of the females in heat. A shower leads to increased humidity and reduced temperature of the air, leading to intensification of pheromone signals that trigger a sexual response in the dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejani Sen Majumder
- Behaviour and Ecology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research–Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Anindita Bhadra
- Behaviour and Ecology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research–Kolkata, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail:
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Mochalski P, Unterkofler K, Teschl G, Amann A. Potential of volatile organic compounds as markers of entrapped humans for use in urban search-and-rescue operations. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Cumeras R, Figueras E, Davis CE, Baumbach JI, Gràcia I. Review on ion mobility spectrometry. Part 2: hyphenated methods and effects of experimental parameters. Analyst 2015; 140:1391-410. [PMID: 25465248 PMCID: PMC4331244 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01101e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) is a widely used and 'well-known' technique of ion separation in the gaseous phase based on the differences of ion mobilities under an electric field. This technique has received increased interest over the last several decades as evidenced by the pace and advances of new IMS devices available. In this review we explore the hyphenated techniques that are used with IMS, specifically mass spectrometry as an identification approach and a multi-capillary column as a pre-separation approach. Also, we will pay special attention to the key figures of merit of the ion mobility spectrum and how data sets are treated, and the influences of the experimental parameters on both conventional drift time IMS (DTIMS) and miniaturized IMS also known as high Field Asymmetric IMS (FAIMS) in the planar configuration. The present review article is preceded by a companion review article which details the current instrumentation and contains the sections that configure both conventional DTIMS and FAIMS devices. These reviews will give the reader an insightful view of the main characteristics and aspects of the IMS technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cumeras
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Campus UAB s/n, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Peng L, Hua L, Li E, Wang W, Zhou Q, Wang X, Wang C, Li J, Li H. Dopant titrating ion mobility spectrometry for trace exhaled nitric oxide detection. J Breath Res 2015; 9:016003. [PMID: 25557839 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/9/1/016003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a promising non-invasive tool for the analysis of exhaled gas and exhaled nitric oxide (NO), a biomarker for diagnosis of respiratory diseases. However, the high moisture in exhaled gas always brings about extra overlapping ion peaks and results in poor identification ability. In this paper, p-benzoquinone (PBQ) was introduced into IMS to eliminate the interference of overlapping ion peaks and realize the selective identification of NO. The overlapping ions caused by moisture were titrated by PBQ and then converted to hydrated PBQ anions (C6H4[Formula: see text](H2O)n). The NO concentration could be determined by quantifying gas phase hydrated nitrite anions (N[Formula: see text](H2O)n), product ions of NO. Under optimized conditions, a limit of detection (LOD) of about 1.4 ppbv and a linear range of 10-200 ppbv were obtained for NO even in 100% relative humidity (RH) purified air. Furthermore, this established method was applied to measure hourly the exhaled NO of eight healthy volunteers, and real-time monitoring the exhaled NO of an esophageal carcinoma patient during radical surgery. These results revealed the potential of the current dopant titrating IMS method in the measurement of exhaled NO for medical disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Peng
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
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Gao H, Niu W, Hong Y, Xu B, Shen C, Huang C, Jiang H, Chu Y. Negative photoionization chloride ion attachment ion mobility spectrometry for the detection of organic acids. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10763b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Maurer F, Wolf A, Fink T, Rittershofer B, Heim N, Volk T, Baumbach JI, Kreuer S. Wash-out of ambient air contaminations for breath measurements. J Breath Res 2014; 8:027107. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/8/2/027107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mayer T, Borsdorf H. Accuracy of Ion Mobility Measurements Dependent on the Influence of Humidity. Anal Chem 2014; 86:5069-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5007393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mayer
- UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Department Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Permoserstraße 15, D-4318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Helko Borsdorf
- UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Department Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Permoserstraße 15, D-4318 Leipzig, Germany
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A comparative study between different alternatives to prepare gaseous standards for calibrating UV-Ion Mobility Spectrometers. Talanta 2013; 111:111-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pomareda V, Lopez-Vidal S, Calvo D, Pardo A, Marco S. A novel differential mobility analyzer as a VOC detector and multivariate techniques for identification and quantification. Analyst 2013; 138:3512-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00078h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Vautz W, Baumbach JI, Jung J. Beer Fermentation Control Using Ion Mobility Spectrometry - Results of a Pilot Study. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2006.tb00245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bahrami H, Tabrizchi M. Combined corona discharge and UV photoionization source for ion mobility spectrometry. Talanta 2012; 97:400-5. [PMID: 22841099 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An ion mobility spectrometer is described which is equipped with two non-radioactive ion sources, namely an atmospheric pressure photoionization and a corona discharge ionization source. The two sources cannot only run individually but are additionally capable of operating simultaneously. For photoionization, a UV lamp was mounted parallel to the axis of the ion mobility cell. The corona discharge electrode was mounted perpendicular to the UV radiation. The total ion current from the photoionization source was verified as a function of lamp current, sample flow rate, and drift field. Simultaneous operation of the two ionization sources was investigated by recording ion mobility spectra of selected samples. The design allows one to observe peaks from either the corona discharge or photoionization individually or simultaneously. This makes it possible to accurately compare peaks in the ion mobility spectra from each individual source. Finally, the instrument's capability for discriminating two peaks appearing in approximately identical drift times using each individual ionization source is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Bahrami
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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Tabrizchi M, Bahrami H. Improved Design for the Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization Source. Anal Chem 2011; 83:9017-23. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201635d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Tabrizchi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Hamed Bahrami
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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Mäkinen M, Sillanpää M, Viitanen AK, Knap A, Mäkelä J, Puton J. The effect of humidity on sensitivity of amine detection in ion mobility spectrometry. Talanta 2011; 84:116-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Viitanen AK, Saukko E, Virtanen A, Yli-Pirilää P, Smith JN, Joutsensaari J, Mäkelä JM. Ion mobility distributions during the initial stages of new particle formation by the ozonolysis of α-pinene. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:8917-8923. [PMID: 21062070 DOI: 10.1021/es101572u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) was used to study gas phase compounds during nucleation and growth of secondary organic aerosols (SOA). In this study SOA particles were generated by oxidizing α-pinene with O(3) and OH in a 6 m(3) reaction chamber. Positive ion peaks with reduced mobilities of 1.59 cm(2)(Vs)(-1) and 1.05 cm(2)(Vs)(-1) were observed 7 min after α-pinene and ozone were added to the chamber. The detected compounds can be associated with low volatility oxidation products of α-pinene, which have been suggested to participate in new particle formation. This is the first time that IMS has been applied to laboratory studies of SOA formation. IMS was found suitable for continuous online monitoring of the SOA formation process, allowing for highly sensitive detection of gas phase species that are thought to initiate new particle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Kaisa Viitanen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland.
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Alignment of retention time obtained from multicapillary column gas chromatography used for VOC analysis with ion mobility spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:2385-94. [PMID: 20512565 PMCID: PMC2895891 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multicapillary column (MCC) ion mobility spectrometers (IMS) are increasingly in demand for medical diagnosis, biological applications and process control. In a MCC-IMS, volatile compounds are differentiated by specific retention time and ion mobility when rapid preseparation techniques are applied, e.g. for the analysis of complex and humid samples. Therefore, high accuracy in the determination of both parameters is required for reliable identification of the signals. The retention time in the MCC is the subject of the present investigation because, for such columns, small deviations in temperature and flow velocity may cause significant changes in retention time. Therefore, a universal correction procedure would be a helpful tool to increase the accuracy of the data obtained from a gas-chromatographic preseparation. Although the effect of the carrier gas flow velocity and temperature on retention time is not linear, it could be demonstrated that a linear alignment can compensate for the changes in retention time due to common minor deviations of both the carrier gas flow velocity and the column temperature around the MCC-IMS standard operation conditions. Therefore, an effective linear alignment procedure for the correction of those deviations has been developed from the analyses of defined gas mixtures under various experimental conditions. This procedure was then applied to data sets generated from real breath analyses obtained in clinical studies using different instruments at different measuring sites for validation. The variation in the retention time of known signals, especially for compounds with higher retention times, was significantly improved. The alignment of the retention time—an indispensable procedure to achieve a more precise identification of analytes—using the proposed method reduces the random error caused by small accidental deviations in column temperature and flow velocity significantly.
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Hariharan CB, Baumbach JI, Vautz W. Linearized equations for the reduced ion mobilities of polar aliphatic organic compounds. Anal Chem 2010; 82:427-31. [PMID: 19961221 DOI: 10.1021/ac902459m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, ion mobility spectrometry has evolved into a powerful technique for rapid identification of analytes in very complex sample matrixes such as human breath. Every analyte detected has a characteristic ion mobility value (and a retention time when additional preseparation techniques are employed) which is used to identify the peaks in a spectrum either by comparison with reference analytes or by simultaneous mass spectrometric measurements. In this study, the mass-mobility correlations between compounds in three different homologous series are used to predict the mobilities of the other substances in the same series in a medium of synthetic air. The results show a very high accuracy (>99.5%) of the prognosis. The linear trend equations of ion mobilities, as a function of the number of carbon atoms, obtained from the different series were then generalized into one linear equation for the reduced ion mobility for the polar aliphatic compounds and is validated by comparing it with the traditional Mason-Schamp equation. To compare the empirical equation obtained from the prognosis and the Mason-Schamp equation, the collision integral term in the latter was split into two terms to linearize it. The resulting novel ion mobility equation could be the starting step to completely describe the relationship between ion collision integral and the ion mobility for polar aliphatic compounds. The splitting of the collision integral into two terms will also give new inputs to describe the various ion models and the different forces that act on the ions and the neutral gas molecules upon which the collision integral is dependent on. This prognosis method could, furthermore, be extended to all other classes of organic compounds and could serve as a useful tool for identification of unknowns in ion mobility spectra, thereby considerably reducing the time-consuming and costly reference measurements and other coupling techniques that are currently employed.
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Vautz W, Nolte J, Bufe A, Baumbach JI, Peters M. Analyses of mouse breath with ion mobility spectrometry: a feasibility study. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 108:697-704. [PMID: 20075263 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00658.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaled breath can provide comprehensive information about the metabolic state of the subject. Breath analysis carried out during animal experiments promises to increase the information obtained from a particular experiment significantly. This feasibility study should demonstrate the potential of ion mobility spectrometry for animal breath analysis, even for mice. In the framework of the feasibility study, an ion mobility spectrometer coupled with a multicapillary column for rapid preseparation was used to analyze the breath of orotracheally intubated spontaneously breathing mice during anesthesia for the very first time. The sampling procedure was validated successfully. Furthermore, the breath of four mice (2 healthy control mice, 2 with allergic airway inflammation) was analyzed. Twelve peaks were identified directly by comparison with a database. Additional mass spectrometric analyses were carried out for validation and for identification of unknown signals. Significantly different patterns of metabolites were detected in healthy mice compared with asthmatic mice, thus demonstrating the feasibility of analyzing mouse breath with ion mobility spectrometry. However, further investigations including a higher animal number for validation and identification of unknown signals are needed. Nevertheless, the results of the study demonstrate that the method is capable of rapid analyses of the breath of mice, thus significantly increasing the information obtained from each particular animal experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Vautz
- ISAS-Institute for Analytical Sciences, Department of Metabolomics, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Strasse 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany.
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Vautz W, Nolte J, Fobbe R, Baumbach JI. Breath analysis—performance and potential of ion mobility spectrometry. J Breath Res 2009; 3:036004. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/3/3/036004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Baumbach JI. Ion mobility spectrometry coupled with multi-capillary columns for metabolic profiling of human breath. J Breath Res 2009; 3:034001. [PMID: 21383463 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/3/3/034001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) started to be used for direct breath analysis with respect to metabolic profiling, biomarker finding and gas trace analysis. The present review describes the basic operation of an ion mobility spectrometer including the ionization process, humidity effects and sampling procedures. To enhance the resolution, pre-separation by multi-capillary columns (MCCs) is discussed and examples for IMS chromatograms are presented. The focus is to review the analytical method IMS with respect to potential use for direct investigations of humid air in direct breath analysis but not on detailed discussion of results of specific medical application of MCC/IMS or on specific analytes found in exhaled air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Ingo Baumbach
- ISAS-Institute for Analytical Sciences, Department of Metabolomics, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
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Hariharan C, Ingo Baumbach J, Vautz W. Empirical prediction of reduced ion mobilities of secondary alcohols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-009-0017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vautz W, Bödeker B, Baumbach JI, Bader S, Westhoff M, Perl T. An implementable approach to obtain reproducible reduced ion mobility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-009-0018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Vautz W, Mauntz W, Engell S, Baumbach JI. Monitoring of Emulsion Polymerisation Processes using Ion Mobility Spectrometry-A Pilot Study. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.200800043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Aguilera-Herrador E, Cárdenas S, Ruzsanyi V, Sielemann S, Valcárcel M. Evaluation of a new miniaturized ion mobility spectrometer and its coupling to fast gas chromatography multicapillary columns. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1214:143-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bödeker B, Vautz W, Baumbach JI. Peak comparison in MCC/IMS-data—searching for potential biomarkers in human breath data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-008-0013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vautz W, Baumbach JI. Exemplar application of multi-capillary column ion mobility spectrometry for biological and medical purpose. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-008-0007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Vautz W, Michels A, Franzke J. Micro-plasma: a novel ionisation source for ion mobility spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:2609-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Vautz W, Zimmermann D, Hartmann M, Baumbach JI, Nolte J, Jung J. Ion mobility spectrometry for food quality and safety. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 23:1064-73. [PMID: 17071508 DOI: 10.1080/02652030600889590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry is known to be a fast and sensitive technique for the detection of trace substances, and it is increasingly in demand not only for protection against explosives and chemical warfare agents, but also for new applications in medical diagnosis or process control. Generally, a gas phase sample is ionized by help of ultraviolet light, ss-radiation or partial discharges. The ions move in a weak electrical field towards a detector. During their drift they collide with a drift gas flowing in the opposite direction and, therefore, are slowed down depending on their size, shape and charge. As a result, different ions reach the detector at different drift times, which are characteristic for the ions considered. The number of ions reaching the detector are a measure of the concentration of the analyte. The method enables the identification and quantification of analytes with high sensitivity (ng l(-1) range). The selectivity can even be increased - as necessary for the analyses of complex mixtures - using pre-separation techniques such as gas chromatography or multi-capillary columns. No pre-concentration of the sample is necessary. Those characteristics of the method are preserved even in air with up to a 100% relative humidity rate. The suitability of the method for application in the field of food quality and safety - including storage, process and quality control as well as the characterization of food stuffs - was investigated in recent years for a number of representative examples, which are summarized in the following, including new studies as well: (1) the detection of metabolites from bacteria for the identification and control of their growth; (2) process control in food production - beer fermentation being an example; (3) the detection of the metabolites of mould for process control during cheese production, for quality control of raw materials or for the control of storage conditions; (4) the quality control of packaging materials during the production of polymeric materials; and (5) the characterization of products - wine being an example. The challenges of such applications were operation in humid air, fast on-line analyses of complex mixtures, high sensitivity - detection limits have to be, for example, in the range of the odour limits - and, in some cases, the necessity of mobile instrumentation. It can be shown that ion mobility spectrometry is optimally capable of fulfilling those challenges for many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Vautz
- Department of Metabolomics, ISAS - Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany.
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Vautz W, Baumbach JI, Uhde E. Detection of emissions from surfaces using ion mobility spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 384:980-6. [PMID: 16402176 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2005] [Revised: 11/15/2005] [Accepted: 11/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Emissions from surfaces (from furniture, wall paintings or floor coverings for instance) significantly influence indoor air quality and therefore the wellbeing or even the health of the occupants. Together with metabolites from mold they are responsible for the well-known "sick building syndrome". Therefore, it is in the interest of the manufacturer as well as of the occupants to have a fast and accurate method for the detection of substances relevant to this syndrome in order to be able to monitor and control product quality and indoor air quality. The use of small and easy-to-transport ion mobility spectrometers that use UV light as the ionization source enables rapid in situ detection of such substances with high selectivity and sensitivity (detection limits in the lower ppb range). If a multicapillary column is used for preseparation as well, the selectivity is increased and the unwanted influence of humidity on the spectra can be eliminated, thus enabling the use of the instruments under normal ambient conditions. Furthermore, the use of air as carrier gas avoids the need for other sources of high-purity gas. An emission cell with a homogeneous and constant air flow over the surface to be investigated was developed in order to ensure reproducible results. Investigations of emissions from wooden surfaces with and without additional contamination as well as from complex mixtures are presented. The results demonstrate that relevant emissions can be identified and quantified with high sensitivity and selectivity in under five minutes. Therefore, the method is useful for indoor air quality monitoring, especially when miniaturized instruments are applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Vautz
- Institute for Analytical Sciences (ISAS), Bunsen-Kirchhoff Str. 11, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
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Current awareness in phytochemical analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2005; 16:231-8. [PMID: 15997858 DOI: 10.1002/pca.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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