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Giménez I, Rotger J, Apellániz E, Bagán H, Tent J, Rigol A, Tarancón A. A new method based on selective fluorescent polymers (PSresin) for the analysis of 90Sr in presence of 210Pb in environmental samples. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 199:110879. [PMID: 37267774 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
90Sr is of major concern in emergency and environmental control plans. It is one of the main fission products in nuclear facilities and is a high-energy beta emitter that presents chemical properties similar to those of calcium. 90Sr is commonly detected using methods based on liquid scintillation counting (LSC) following a chemical separation to remove potential interferences. However, these methods generate mixed wastes (hazardous and radioactive). In recent years, an alternative strategy using PSresins has been developed. For 90Sr analysis with PSresins, 210Pb is the main interferent that should be considered, as it is also strongly retained in the PSresin. In this study, a procedure was developed involving a precipitation with iodates to separate lead from strontium before the PSresin separation. Moreover, the method developed was compared with well-established and routinely used methods based on LSC, revealing that the new method produced equivalent results in less time and with less waste generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Giménez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franqués, 1-11, ES, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Rotger
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franqués, 1-11, ES, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Apellániz
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franqués, 1-11, ES, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Bagán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franqués, 1-11, ES, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Tent
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franqués, 1-11, ES, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Rigol
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franqués, 1-11, ES, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Tarancón
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franqués, 1-11, ES, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Serra-Húnter Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Giménez I, Bagán H, Tarancón A. Fast analysis of gross alpha with a new plastic scintillation resin. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1248:340905. [PMID: 36813463 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclides analysis is a complex task, with high time and economic costs. In decommissioning activities and environmental monitoring, it is very evident, in which, to obtain an appropriate information, it is necessary to perform as many analyses as possible. The number of these analyses can be reduced using screening gross alpha or gross beta parameters. However, the currently used methods cannot give an answer as fast as it would be desired and, moreover, more than 50% of the results reported in the interlaboratory exercises fall outside the acceptance range. This work presents the development of a new material and method to gross alpha activity determination using a plastic scintillation resin (PSresin) in drinking and river water samples. A specific procedure was developed involving a new PSresin (using bis-(3-trimethylsilyl-1-propyl)-methanediphosphonic acid as an extractant) that is selective for all actinides, radium and polonium. Quantitative retention and 100% detection efficiencies were obtained at pH 2 with nitric acid. PSA value of 135 was used for α/β discrimination. Eu was used to determine or estimate retention in sample analyses. The method developed can measure, in less than 5 h from the reception of the sample, the gross alpha parameter with quantification errors comparable or even lower to those obtained with conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Giménez
- Department d'Enginyeria Química i Química Analíitca, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franqués, 1-11, ES-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Bagán
- Department d'Enginyeria Química i Química Analíitca, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franqués, 1-11, ES-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - A Tarancón
- Department d'Enginyeria Química i Química Analíitca, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franqués, 1-11, ES-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Serra-Húnter Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua, Universitat de Barcelona, Montalegre, 6, ES-08001, Barcelona, Spain
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Martínez J, de Los Cobos M, Peñalver A, Tarancón A, Giménez I, Bagán H, Aguilar C, Borrull F. Simultaneous determination of 210Pb and 90Sr and 210Po isolation in sludge samples using a plastic scintillation resin. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 192:110601. [PMID: 36481494 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a new and fast method for separating 210Po from 210Pb and 90Sr, before simultaneously measuring the individual activities of the latter two radionuclides using a plastic scintillation resin (PSresin) in sludge samples taken from a drinking water treatment plant. This method speeds up the analysis process significantly by simultaneously measuring 210Pb and 90Sr in a single step. The method is reproducible and has a relative standard deviation of less than 25% for 210Pb, 210Po and 90Sr. The method was satisfactorily validated with an intercomparison sample and applied to sludge samples from a drinking water treatment plant. The minimum detectable activities for 0.9 g of sludge are 5.5 Bq/kg and 8 Bq/kg for 210Pb and 90Sr respectively when measured for 180 min, and 0.5 Bq/kg for 210Po when measured for 5000 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martínez
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Unitat de Radioquímica Ambiental i Sanitaria, Consorci d'Aigües de Tarragona (CAT), Ctra. Nacional 340, Km. 1094, 43895, L'Ampolla, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M de Los Cobos
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Unitat de Radioquímica Ambiental i Sanitaria, Consorci d'Aigües de Tarragona (CAT), Ctra. Nacional 340, Km. 1094, 43895, L'Ampolla, Tarragona, Spain
| | - A Peñalver
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Unitat de Radioquímica Ambiental i Sanitaria, Consorci d'Aigües de Tarragona (CAT), Ctra. Nacional 340, Km. 1094, 43895, L'Ampolla, Tarragona, Spain
| | - A Tarancón
- Serra Hunter Professor, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Giménez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Bagán
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Aguilar
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Unitat de Radioquímica Ambiental i Sanitaria, Consorci d'Aigües de Tarragona (CAT), Ctra. Nacional 340, Km. 1094, 43895, L'Ampolla, Tarragona, Spain; Serra Hunter Professor, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - F Borrull
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Unitat de Radioquímica Ambiental i Sanitaria, Consorci d'Aigües de Tarragona (CAT), Ctra. Nacional 340, Km. 1094, 43895, L'Ampolla, Tarragona, Spain
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Torres A, Giménez I, Bagán H, Tarancón A. Analysis of isotopes of plutonium in water samples with a PSresin based on aliquat·336. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 187:110333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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A study for the selection of NPE-free cocktails for LSC routine measurements. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Giménez I, Bagán H, Tarancón A, García JF. PSresin for the analysis of alpha-emitting radionuclides: Comparison of diphosphonic acid-based extractants. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 178:109969. [PMID: 34626898 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of radionuclides is complex, with high economic and time costs. For this reason, there is a need to develop new methods and strategies to reduce these costs. One important group in the analysis of radionuclides is the actinides, which are the main constituents assessed in the total gross alpha together with radium and radon test used to measure radioactivity in drinking water. Moreover, in nuclear dismantling processes, the possible spread of the released radionuclides has to be controlled, which is measured by many techniques, depending on the radionuclides, through scintillation. This work presents a new method to analyse actinides using plastic scintillation resins (PSresins) packed in a solid-phase extraction cartridge. The proposed method combines chemical separation and sample measurement into a single step, reducing the effort, time and reagents required for analysis as well as decreasing the amount of waste generated. The PSresins compared in this study contained three selective extractants based on methylenediphosphonic acid with different radicals, which has a high affinity for tri-, tetra-, and hexavalent actinides in dilute acids. These extractants were immobilised on plastic scintillation microspheres at a ratio of 1/1:6, producing a retention and detection efficiency of 100% for 241Am, 230Th, Uranium and 238Pu. The retention and detection efficiency were 20% and 100%, respectively, for 210Po and low for 226Ra.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Giménez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franqués, 1-11, ES, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Bagán
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franqués, 1-11, ES, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Tarancón
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franqués, 1-11, ES, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Serra-Húnter Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua, University of Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J F García
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franqués, 1-11, ES, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Rapid methods for radiostrontium determination in aerosol filters and vegetation in emergency situations using PS resin. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06779-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Coma A, Tarancón A, Bagán H, García JF. Automated separation of 99Tc using plastic scintillation resin PSresin and openview automated modular separation system (OPENVIEW-AMSS). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Villarroya I, Ferradal A, Bagán H, Tarancón A, García JF. Development and evaluation of a plastic scintillating resin for radioactive tin determination. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Hou X. Liquid scintillation counting for determination of radionuclides in environmental and nuclear application. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Rapid method for radiostrontium determination in milk in emergency situations using PS resin. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tarancón A, Bagán H, García JF. Plastic scintillators and related analytical procedures for radionuclide analysis. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Lluch E, Barrera J, Tarancón A, Bagán H, García J. Analysis of 210Pb in water samples with plastic scintillation resins. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 940:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Barrera J, Tarancón A, Bagán H, García JF. A new plastic scintillation resin for single-step separation, concentration and measurement of technetium-99. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 936:259-66. [PMID: 27566363 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Technetium is a synthetic element with no stable isotopes, produced as waste in nuclear power plants and in cyclotrons used for nuclear medicine. The element has high mobility, in the form of TcO4(-); its determination is therefore important for environmental protection. Technetium is found in low concentrations and therefore common methods for its analysis include long treatments in several steps and require large amounts of reagents for its purification and preconcentration. Plastic scintillation resins (PSresin) are novel materials used to separate, preconcentrate and measure radionuclides in a single step. The objective of this study is to prepare and characterise a PSresin for the preconcentration and measurement of (99)Tc. The study first evaluates the reproducibility of the production of PSresins between batches and over time; showing good reproducibility and storage stability. Next, we studied the effect of some common non-radioactive interferences, showing small influences on measurement, and radioactive interferences ((36)Cl and (238)U/(234)U). (36)Cl can be removed by a simple treatment with 0.5 M HCl and (238)U/(234)U can be removed from the column by cleaning with a mixture of 0.1 M HNO3 and 0.1 M HF. In the latter case, a slight change in the morphology of the PSresin caused an increase in detection efficiency. Finally, the PSresin was applied to the measurement of real spiked samples (sea water and urine) with deviations lower than 10% in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barrera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués, 1-11, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Tarancón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués, 1-11, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - H Bagán
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Getingevägen 60, hus II, 22100 SE, Lund, Sweden
| | - J F García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués, 1-11, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Santiago LM, Tarancón A, Bagán H, García JF. Production of polystyrene-based scintillation microspheres for the measurement of radioactivity by spray-drying. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tarancón A, Barrera J, Santiago L, Bagán H, García J. Application of the CIEMAT–NIST method to plastic scintillation microspheres. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 98:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Production of highly-enriched 134Ba for a reference material for isotope dilution mass spectrometry measurements. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Bagán H, Tarancón A, Ye L, García JF. Crosslinked plastic scintillators: a new detection system for radioactivity measurement in organic and aggressive media. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 852:13-9. [PMID: 25441874 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of radioactive solutions containing organic or aggressive media may cause stability problems in liquid and plastic scintillation (PS) techniques. In the case of PS, this can be overcome by adding a crosslinker to the polymer structure. The objectives of this study are to synthesise a suitable crosslinked plastic scintillator (C-PS) for radioactivity determination in organic and aggressive media. The results indicated that an increase in the crosslinker content reduces the detection efficiency and a more flexible crosslinker yields higher detection efficiency. For the polymer composition studied, 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) is the most adequate fluorescent solute and an increase in its concentration causes little change in the detection efficiency. The inclusion of a secondary fluorescent solute 1,4-bis-2-(5-phenyloxazolyl) benzene (POPOP) improves the C-PS radiometrical characteristics. For the final composition chosen, the synthesis of the C-PS exhibits good reproducibility with elevated yield. The obtained C-PS also displays high stability in different organic (toluene, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and methanol) and aggressive media (hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide). Finally, the C-PS exhibits high detection efficiency both in water and in aggressive media and can also be applied in organic media showing similar or even higher detection efficiency values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Bagán
- Departament de Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
| | - Alex Tarancón
- Departament de Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, POB 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - José F García
- Departament de Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
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Alpha/beta indices determination in drinking water using plastic scintillation and evaporation to dryness. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2806-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Radiostrontium separation from sodium molybdate solution and its measurement using LSA: an application to radiopharmaceutical analysis. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2841-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bagán H, Tarancón A, Stavsetra L, Rauret G, García JF. Determination of oil reservoir radiotracer (S14CN-) in a single step using a plastic scintillator extractive resin. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 736:30-5. [PMID: 22769002 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of radiotracers is important in the study of oil reservoir dynamics. One of the most widely used radiotracer is S(14)CN(-). Prior to activity measurements by Liquid Scintillation (LS), routine determinations require the pretreatment steps of purification and concentration of the samples using anion exchange columns. The final elution media produces samples with high salt concentration that may lead to problems with phase separation during the LS measurement. Plastic Scintillation (PS) is an alternative technique that provides a solid surface that can be used as a platform for the immobilisation of selective extractants to obtain a PS resin. The proposed procedure unifies chemical separation and sample measurement preparation in a single step, serving to reduce the number of reagents needed and manpower required for the analysis while also avoiding mixed waste production by LS. The objective of this study is to develop a PS resin for the determination of (14)C-labelled thiocyanate radiotracer in water samples. For this purpose, the immobilisation procedure was optimised, including optimisation of the proportion of PS microspheres:extractant and the use of a control blank to monitor the PS resin immobilisation process. The breakthrough volume was studied and the detection and quantification limits for 100 mL of sample were determined to be 0.08 Bq L(-1) and 0.31 Bq L(-1), respectively. The established procedure was applied to active samples from oil reservoirs and errors lower than 5% in the sample determinations were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bagán
- Departament de Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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