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Elsabbagh S, Landau M, Gross H, Schultz A, Schultz JE. Heme b inhibits class III adenylyl cyclases. Cell Signal 2023; 103:110568. [PMID: 36565898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acidic lipid extracts from mouse liver, kidney, heart, brain, and lung inhibited human pseudoheterodimeric adenylyl cyclases (hACs) expressed in HEK293 cells. Using an acidic lipid extract from bovine lung, a combined MS- and bioassay-guided fractionation identified heme b as inhibitor of membrane-bound ACs. IC50 concentrations were 8-12 μM for the hAC isoforms. Hemopexin and bacterial hemophore attenuated heme b inhibition of hAC5. Structurally related compounds, such as hematin, protoporphyrin IX, and biliverdin, were significantly less effective. Monomeric bacterial class III ACs (mycobacterial ACs Rv1625c; Rv3645; Rv1264; cyanobacterial AC CyaG) were inhibited by heme b with similar efficiency. Surprisingly, structurally related chlorophyll a similarly inhibited hAC5. Heme b inhibited isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP accumulation in HEK293 cells. Using cortical membranes from mouse brain hemin efficiently and reversibly inhibited basal and Gsα-stimulated AC activity. The physiological relevance of heme b inhibition of the cAMP generating system in certain pathologies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Elsabbagh
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Landau
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Gross
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anita Schultz
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joachim E Schultz
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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2
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Shi H, Zhang Y, Zhu F, Zhou X, Cheng W, Yang F, Kang W, Zhang X. Portable electrochemical carbon cloth analysis device for differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry determination of Pb 2. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:613. [PMID: 33068167 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical carbon cloth (CC) analysis device (eCAD) is proposed for the determination of Pb2+ in environmental water samples, which was assembled using a single-step functional CC as both the sensing and the substrate material. The modified CC was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectra, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The increase in electrochemical activity is due to the increased defective extent and excellent electrochemical activity of CC. Under optimum conditions (viz. a pH value of 4.5, deposition time of 160 s), the sensor is capable of determining Pb2+ by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) at a typical working potential of - 1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Response is linear from 5.0 × 10-9 to 3.0 × 10-6 M Pb2+, and the detection limit is 4.8 nM (at S/N = 3). The sensor was successfully applied to the determination of Pb2+ in real samples, with apparent recoveries from 96.0 to 102.0% and a relative standard deviation of less than 3.4%. In addition, the integration of the sensor with signal collection components has enabled us to realize on-site analysis of Pb2+, which is highlighted as a new generation of electrode platform for the development of a portable analysis device.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.,Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- The Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
| | - Fudan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Wenjing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Fengchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
| | - Weidong Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
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3
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Isaji Y, Ogawa NO, Takano Y, Ohkouchi N. Quantification and Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Measurements of Heme B in Environmental Samples. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11213-11222. [PMID: 32691593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heme B is an iron-coordinated tetrapyrrole molecule that acts as a cofactor in hemoproteins. It is expected to be ubiquitous in the environment, as b-type hemoproteins catalyze a variety of essential biochemical reactions. In this study, we developed an analytical method to quantify heme B in biological and environmental samples using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a photodiode array detector. The applicability of our method was further extended by the use of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS; detection limit: ∼1 fmol), which enabled the quantification of a trace amount of dissolved heme B in filtered seawater and sedimentary heme B coexisting with an abundant interfering organic matrix. For compound-specific carbon and nitrogen isotopic measurements, heme B was successfully isolated and purified from biological and environmental samples by a combination of anion-exchange column chromatography, methyl esterification, and dual-step HPLC. While carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of heme B in phototrophs were mostly comparable to those of chlorophyll a, heme B in suspended particulate materials in coastal water and an intertidal sediment was 13C-depleted and 15N-enriched relative to chlorophyll a, suggesting that nonphototrophic microorganisms are also a significant source of heme B in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Isaji
- Biogeochemistry Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Nanako O Ogawa
- Biogeochemistry Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takano
- Biogeochemistry Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Naohiko Ohkouchi
- Biogeochemistry Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
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4
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Louropoulou E, Gledhill M, Achterberg EP, Browning TJ, Honey DJ, Schmitz RA, Tagliabue A. Heme b distributions through the Atlantic Ocean: evidence for "anemic" phytoplankton populations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4551. [PMID: 32165723 PMCID: PMC7067765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme b is an iron-containing cofactor in hemoproteins that participates in the fundamental processes of photosynthesis and respiration in phytoplankton. Heme b concentrations typically decline in waters with low iron concentrations but due to lack of field data, the distribution of heme b in particulate material in the ocean is poorly constrained. Here we report particulate heme b distributions across the Atlantic Ocean (59.9°N to 34.6°S). Heme b concentrations in surface waters ranged from 0.10 to 33.7 pmol L-1 (median = 1.47 pmol L-1, n = 974) and were highest in regions with a high biomass. The ratio of heme b to particulate organic carbon (POC) exhibited a mean value of 0.44 μmol heme b mol-1 POC. We identified the ratio of 0.10 µmol heme b mol-1 POC as the cut-off between heme b replete and heme b deficient (anemic) phytoplankton. By this definition, we observed anemic phytoplankton populations in the Subtropical South Atlantic and Irminger Basin. Comparison of observed and modelled heme b suggested that heme b could account for between 0.17-9.1% of biogenic iron. Our large scale observations of heme b relative to organic matter provide further evidence of the impact of changes in iron supply on phytoplankton iron status across the Atlantic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Louropoulou
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany. .,Institute for General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Martha Gledhill
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - David J Honey
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ruth A Schmitz
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
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5
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Louropoulou E, Gledhill M, Browning TJ, Desai DK, Barraqueta JLM, Tonnard M, Sarthou G, Planquette H, Bowie AR, Schmitz RA, LaRoche J, Achterberg EP. Regulation of the Phytoplankton Heme b Iron Pool During the North Atlantic Spring Bloom. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1566. [PMID: 31354666 PMCID: PMC6637849 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme b is an iron-containing co-factor in hemoproteins. Heme b concentrations are low (<1 pmol L-1) in iron limited phytoplankton in cultures and in the field. Here, we determined heme b in marine particulate material (>0.7 μm) from the North Atlantic Ocean (GEOVIDE cruise - GEOTRACES section GA01), which spanned several biogeochemical regimes. We examined the relationship between heme b abundance and the microbial community composition, and its utility for mapping iron limited phytoplankton. Heme b concentrations ranged from 0.16 to 5.1 pmol L-1 (median = 2.0 pmol L-1, n = 62) in the surface mixed layer (SML) along the cruise track, driven mainly by variability in biomass. However, in the Irminger Basin, the lowest heme b levels (SML: median = 0.53 pmol L-1, n = 12) were observed, whilst the biomass was highest (particulate organic carbon, median = 14.2 μmol L-1, n = 25; chlorophyll a: median = 2.0 nmol L-1, n = 23) pointing to regulatory mechanisms of the heme b pool for growth conservation. Dissolved iron (DFe) was not depleted (SML: median = 0.38 nmol L-1, n = 11) in the Irminger Basin, but large diatoms (Rhizosolenia sp.) dominated. Hence, heme b depletion and regulation is likely to occur during bloom progression when phytoplankton class-dependent absolute iron requirements exceed the available ambient concentration of DFe. Furthermore, high heme b concentrations found in the Iceland Basin and Labrador Sea (median = 3.4 pmol L-1, n = 20), despite having similar DFe concentrations to the Irminger Basin, were attributed to an earlier growth phase of the extant phytoplankton populations. Thus, heme b provides a snapshot of the cellular activity in situ and could both be used as indicator of iron limitation and contribute to understanding phytoplankton adaptation mechanisms to changing iron supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Louropoulou
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Institute for General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martha Gledhill
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Dhwani K Desai
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jan-Lukas Menzel Barraqueta
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Earth Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Manon Tonnard
- UMR 6539/LEMAR/IUEM, CNRS, UBO, IRD, Ifremer, Brest, France.,Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | | | - Andrew R Bowie
- Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Ruth A Schmitz
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julie LaRoche
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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6
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Fyrestam J, Östman C. Determination of heme in microorganisms using HPLC-MS/MS and cobalt(III) protoporphyrin IX inhibition of heme acquisition in Escherichia coli. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6999-7010. [PMID: 29043383 PMCID: PMC5717118 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the main threats to the achievements in modern medicine is antimicrobial resistance. Molecular targeting of bacterial acquisition mechanisms of heme has been suggested to be an alternative to antibiotics. In the present study, HPLC-MS/MS combined with a simple clean-up based on liquid-liquid extraction has been developed and evaluated for simultaneous determination of heme and porphyrin heme precursors in microorganisms. Experimental design was used to optimize the extraction parameters, to obtain a method with high recovery, low matrix effects, and high precision. The effects of additives in the culture medium on the biosynthesis of heme were studied using Escherichia coli as a model microorganism. 5-Aminolaevulinic acid and hemin increased the heme concentration in E. coli by a factor of 1.5 and 4.5, respectively. Addition of 5-aminolaevulinic acid bypassed the E. coli negative feedback control of heme biosynthesis, which led to high amounts of intracellular porphyrins. The high heme concentration obtained when hemin was used as a culture additive shows that E. coli has an uptake of heme from its surroundings. In contrast, addition of cobalt protoporphyrin IX to the growth medium reduced the amount of heme in E. coli, demonstrating this compound's ability to mimic real heme and inhibit the heme acquisition mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Fyrestam
- Division of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante arrheniusväg 16C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Conny Östman
- Division of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante arrheniusväg 16C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Bellworthy J, Gledhill M, Esposito M, Achterberg EP. Abundance of the iron containing biomolecule, heme b, during the progression of a spring phytoplankton bloom in a mesocosm experiment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176268. [PMID: 28426768 PMCID: PMC5398680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Concentrations of heme b were determined in a mesocosm experiment situated in Gullmar Fjord off Sweden. The mesocosm experiment lasted for ca. one hundred days and was characterised by the growth of a primary nutrient replete and a secondary nutrient deplete phytoplankton bloom. Heme b varied between 40 ± 10 pmol L-1 in the prebloom period up to a maximum of 700 ± 400 pmol L-1 just prior to the time of the primary chlorophyll a maximum. Thereafter, heme b concentrations decreased again to an average of 120 ± 60 pmol L-1. When normalised to total particulate carbon, heme b was most abundant during the initiation of the nutrient replete spring bloom, when ratios reached 52 ± 24 μmol mol-1; ten times higher than values observed both pre and post the primary bloom. Concentrations of heme b correlated with those of chlorophyll a. Nevertheless, differences were observed in the relative concentrations of the two parameters, with heme b concentrations increasing relative to chlorophyll a during the growth of the primary bloom, decreasing over the period of the secondary bloom and increasing again through the latter period of the experiment. Heme b abundance was therefore influenced by nutrient concentrations and also likely by changing community composition. In half of the mesocosms, pCO2 was elevated and maintained at ca.1000 μatm, however we observed no significant differences between heme b in plus or ambient pCO2 mesocosms, either in absolute terms, or relative to total particulate carbon and chlorophyll a. The results obtained in this study contribute to our understanding of the distribution of this significant component of the biogenic iron pool, and provide an iron replete coastal water end member that aids the interpretation of the distributions of heme b in more iron deplete open ocean waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bellworthy
- Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Martha Gledhill
- Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Geomar Helmholtz Institute for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Mario Esposito
- Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Eric P. Achterberg
- Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Geomar Helmholtz Institute for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
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Boiteau RM, Repeta DJ. An extended siderophore suite from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 revealed by LC-ICPMS-ESIMS. Metallomics 2015; 7:877-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00005j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
New members of the synechobactin siderophore suite with variable hydroxamate chain length were discovered using an LCMS based pipeline for the sensitive characterization of iron complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene M. Boiteau
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
- Woods Hole, USA
- Department of Earth
- Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences
| | - Daniel J. Repeta
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
- Woods Hole, USA
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