1
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Wesdemiotis C, Williams-Pavlantos KN, Keating AR, McGee AS, Bochenek C. Mass spectrometry of polymers: A tutorial review. Mass Spectrometry Reviews 2024; 43:427-476. [PMID: 37070280 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ever since the inception of synthetic polymeric materials in the late 19th century, the number of studies on polymers as well as the complexity of their structures have only increased. The development and commercialization of new polymers with properties fine-tuned for specific technological, environmental, consumer, or biomedical applications requires powerful analytical techniques that permit the in-depth characterization of these materials. One such method with the ability to provide chemical composition and structure information with high sensitivity, selectivity, specificity, and speed is mass spectrometry (MS). This tutorial review presents and exemplifies the various MS techniques available for the elucidation of specific structural features in a synthetic polymer, including compositional complexity, primary structure, architecture, topology, and surface properties. Key to every MS analysis is sample conversion to gas-phase ions. This review describes the fundamentals of the most suitable ionization methods for synthetic materials and provides relevant sample preparation protocols. Most importantly, structural characterizations via one-step as well as hyphenated or multidimensional approaches are introduced and demonstrated with specific applications, including surface sensitive and imaging techniques. The aim of this tutorial review is to illustrate the capabilities of MS for the characterization of large, complex polymers and emphasize its potential as a powerful compositional and structural elucidation tool in polymer chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Addie R Keating
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew S McGee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Calum Bochenek
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
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2
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Wu YC, Zhang XW, Huang YC, Lu IC. Advancing carbohydrate quantification in MALDI mass spectrometry by the rapidly freeze-drying droplet (RFDD) method. Analyst 2024; 149:1766-1773. [PMID: 38372348 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02201c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Quantitative carbohydrate analysis faces challenges in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), including insufficient sensitivity and inconsistent spatial distribution of ion intensity. This study introduces an innovative sample preparation approach, the Rapidly Freeze-Drying Droplet (RFDD) method, aimed at overcoming these challenges by enhancing the homogeneity of the sample morphology and signal intensity in MALDI. Compared to conventional preparation methods, the RFDD method reduces the laser energy threshold and demonstrates a remarkable increase in signal intensity for carbohydrates, facilitating the detection of high-molecular-weight polysaccharides (>10 kDa). The RFDD-prepared samples exhibit a uniformly distributed signal intensity that overcomes the 'sweet spot' issue in MALDI. The enhanced signal intensity and reproducibility lead to reliable quantitative analysis of carbohydrates, eliminating the need for expensive isotopic standards in each sample. A straightforward and accessible approach is presented for general laboratories, revolutionizing carbohydrate analysis in MALDI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Xin-Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ching Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
| | - I-Chung Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
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3
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Su H, Song Y, Yang S, Zhang Z, Shen Y, Yu L, Chen S, Gao L, Chen C, Hou D, Wei X, Ma X, Huang P, Sun D, Zhou J, Qian K. Plasmonic Alloys Enhanced Metabolic Fingerprints for the Diagnosis of COPD and Exacerbations. ACS Cent Sci 2024; 10:331-343. [PMID: 38435520 PMCID: PMC10906255 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and exacerbations by metabolic biomarkers enables individualized treatment. Advanced metabolic detection platforms rely on designed materials. Here, we design mesoporous PdPt alloys to characterize metabolic fingerprints for diagnosing COPD and exacerbations. As a result, the optimized PdPt alloys enable the acquisition of metabolic fingerprints within seconds, requiring only 0.5 μL of native plasma by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry owing to the enhanced electric field, photothermal conversion, and photocurrent response. Machine learning decodes metabolic profiles acquired from 431 individuals, achieving a precise diagnosis of COPD with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.904 and an accurate distinction between stable COPD and acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) with an AUC of 0.951. Notably, eight metabolic biomarkers identified accurately discriminate AECOPD from stable COPD while providing valuable information on disease progress. Our platform will offer an advanced nanoplatform for the management of COPD, complementing standard clinical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Su
- State
Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical
Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department
of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research
Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Center
of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Jinshan
Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P. R. China
| | - Shouzhi Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical
Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Ziyue Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical
Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yao Shen
- Department
of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, P. R. China
| | - Lan Yu
- Clinical
Medical Research Center, Inner Mongolia
People’s Hospital, Hohhot 010017, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China
- Inner
Mongolia Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation of The Metabolic Disease, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot 010017, Inner Mongolia, P.
R. China
- Inner
Mongolia Academy of Medical Sciences, Inner
Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot 010017, Inner
Mongolia, P. R. China
| | - Shujing Chen
- Department
of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research
Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department
of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research
Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Cuicui Chen
- Department
of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research
Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Dongni Hou
- Department
of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research
Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xinping Wei
- Shanghai
Minhang District Gumei Community Health Center affiliated with Fudan
University, Shanghai 201102, P. R. China
| | - Xuedong Ma
- Shanghai
Minhang District Gumei Community Health Center affiliated with Fudan
University, Shanghai 201102, P. R. China
| | - Pengyu Huang
- Shanghai
Minhang District Gumei Community Health Center affiliated with Fudan
University, Shanghai 201102, P. R. China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Inner
Mongolia Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation of The Metabolic Disease, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot 010017, Inner Mongolia, P.
R. China
- Department
of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot 010017, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department
of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research
Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Center
of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Jinshan
Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P. R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- State
Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical
Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of
Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
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Li T, Zou Q, Zhang B, Xiao D. A novel biochemistry approach combined with MALDI-TOF MS to discriminate Escherichia coli and Shigella species. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1284:341967. [PMID: 37996154 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. are closely related, making it crucial to accurately identify them for disease control and prevention. In this study, we utilized MALDI-TOF MS to identify characteristic peaks of decarboxylation products of lysine and ornithine to distinguish between E. coli and Shigella spp. Our findings indicate that the peak at m/z 103.12 ± 0.1 of the product cadaverine from lysine decarboxylase is unique to E. coli, while all Shigella species lack the m/z 103.12 ± 0.1 peak. However, S. sonnei and S. boydii serotype C13 exhibit a specific peak at m/z 89.10 ± 0.1, which is the product of putrescine from ornithine decarboxylase. We were able to correctly identify 97.06% (132 of 136) of E. coli and Shigella isolates and 100% (8 of 8) of S. sonnei isolates using this biochemical-based MALDI-TOF MS detection system. This technology is advantageous for its high-throughput, high quality, and ease of operation, and is of significant value for the diagnosis of E. coli and Shigella-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qinghua Zou
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Binghua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Di Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
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5
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Choi YK, Cheon DH, Yang WS, Baek JH. A Graphene-Coated Silicon Wafer Plate Improves the Sensitivity and Reproducibility of MALDI-TOF MS Analysis of Proteins. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2023; 34:2034-2042. [PMID: 37540813 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is widely used to analyze small and large molecules. However, proteins are difficult to analyze with MALDI-TOF MS in clinical applications because of their low ionization efficiency and heterogeneous crystallization with the matrix on the sample spots. Here, we investigate the potential of a customized graphene-coated silicon wafer (G/SiO2) plate for MALDI-TOF MS analysis of a clinically important protein, KPC-2, in comparison with a conventional stainless steel (SUS) plate. Our results demonstrate that the G/SiO2 plate outperforms the SUS plate in terms of sensitivity, reproducibility, and mass accuracy/precision across a wide range of molecular weights, even with highly complex samples. Furthermore, a five-day robustness test confirms the practical applicability of the G/SiO2 plate for the reliable identification of target protein(s) in MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Overall, our findings suggest that the use of the G/SiO2 plate holds great potential for improving the sensitivity and reproducibility of MALDI-TOF MS analysis for the identification of proteins, making it a promising tool for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Kyung Choi
- R&D Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04805, Korea
| | - Dong Huey Cheon
- R&D Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04805, Korea
| | - Won Suk Yang
- R&D Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04805, Korea
| | - Je-Hyun Baek
- R&D Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04805, Korea
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6
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Patil AA, Liu ZX, Chiu YP, Lại TKL, Chou SW, Cheng CY, Su WM, Liao HT, Agcaoili JBA, Peng WP. Development of a linear ion trap mass spectrometer capable of analyzing megadalton MALDI ions. Talanta 2023; 259:124555. [PMID: 37088041 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Detecting megadalton matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) ions in an ion trap mass spectrometer is a technical challenge. In this study, megadalton protein and polymer ions were successfully measured by MALDI linear ion trap mass spectrometer (LIT-MS) for the first time. The LIT-MS is comprised of a Thermo linear ion trap mass analyzer and a highly sensitive charge-sensing particle detector (CSPD). A newly designed radio frequency (rf) scan mode with dipolar resonance ejection techniques is proposed to extend the mass range of LIT-MS up to one million Thomson (Th). We analyze high mass ions with mass-to charge (m/z) ratios ranging from 100 kTh to 1 MTh, including thyroglobulin, alpha-2-macroglobulin, immunoglobulins (e.g., IgG and IgM), and polymer (∼ 940 kTh) ions. Besides, it is also very challenging for ion trap mass spectrometry to detect megadalton ions at low concentrations. By adopting high affinity carboxylated/oxidized detonation nanodiamonds (oxDNDs) to enrich IgM molecules and form antibody-nanodiamond conjugates, we have successfully reached ∼ 5 nM (5 μg/mL) concentration which is better than that by the other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash A Patil
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
| | - Zhe-Xuan Liu
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Pang Chiu
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
| | - Thị Khánh Ly Lại
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Wei Chou
- AcroMass Technologies Inc., Hukou, Hsinchu, 30352, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Cheng
- AcroMass Technologies Inc., Hukou, Hsinchu, 30352, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Min Su
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ting Liao
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen-Ping Peng
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan.
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7
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Bu XM, Zhao WD, Zhang MY, Wu DQ, Wu JY, Xu X, Chen D. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry for high-throughput analysis of androgenic steroid adulteration in traditional Chinese medicine based on d/d-Girard's reagent P labeling. Talanta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Kaygisiz K, Ender AM, Gačanin J, Kaczmarek LA, Koutsouras DA, Nalakath AN, Winterwerber P, Mayer FJ, Räder HJ, Marszalek T, Blom PWM, Synatschke CV, Weil T. Photoinduced Amyloid Fibril Degradation for Controlled Cell Patterning. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200294. [PMID: 36281903 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-like fibrils are a special class of self-assembling peptides that emerge as a promising nanomaterial with rich bioactivity for applications such as cell adhesion and growth. Unlike the extracellular matrix, the intrinsically stable amyloid-like fibrils do not respond nor adapt to stimuli of their natural environment. Here, a self-assembling motif (CKFKFQF), in which a photosensitive o-nitrobenzyl linker (PCL) is inserted, is designed. This peptide (CKFK-PCL-FQF) assembles into amyloid-like fibrils comparable to the unsubstituted CKFKFQF and reveals a strong response to UV-light. After UV irradiation, the secondary structure of the fibrils, fibril morphology, and bioactivity are lost. Thus, coating surfaces with the pre-formed fibrils and exposing them to UV-light through a photomask generate well-defined areas with patterns of intact and destroyed fibrillar morphology. The unexposed, fibril-coated surface areas retain their ability to support cell adhesion in culture, in contrast to the light-exposed regions, where the cell-supportive fibril morphology is destroyed. Consequently, the photoresponsive peptide nanofibrils provide a facile and efficient way of cell patterning, exemplarily demonstrated for A549, Chinese Hamster Ovary, and Raw Dual type cells. This study introduces photoresponsive amyloid-like fibrils as adaptive functional materials to precisely arrange cells on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Kaygisiz
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adriana M Ender
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jasmina Gačanin
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - L Alix Kaczmarek
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dimitrios A Koutsouras
- Department of Molecular Electronics, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Abin N Nalakath
- Department of Molecular Electronics, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pia Winterwerber
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz J Mayer
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Räder
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tomasz Marszalek
- Department of Molecular Electronics, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, Lodz, 90-924, Poland
| | - Paul W M Blom
- Department of Molecular Electronics, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christopher V Synatschke
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Jalaludin I, Nguyen HQ, Jang KS, Lee J, Lubman DM, Kim J. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry analysis of exosomal lipids from human serum. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2023; 37:e9427. [PMID: 36321680 PMCID: PMC9757854 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Exosomes contain biomarkers such as proteins and lipids that help in understanding normal physiology and diseases. Lipids, in particular, are infrequently studied using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) for biomarker discovery. In this study, MALDI was equipped with a high-resolution MS to investigate exosomal lipids from human serum. METHODS Exosomal lipids were profiled using MALDI with Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)-MS. Four matrices (i.e., α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid [CHCA], 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, sinapinic acid, and graphene oxide [GO]) and three sample preparation methods (i.e., dried droplet, thin layer, and two layer) were compared for the number of lipid species detected and the relative abundance of each lipid from human serum and human serum exosomes. RESULTS In sum, 172 and 89 lipid species were identified from human serum and human serum exosomes, respectively, using all the methods. The highest number of exosome lipid species, 69, was detected using the CHCA matrix, whereas only 8 exosome lipid species were identified using the GO matrix. Among the identified lipid species, phosphatidylcholine was identified most frequently, probably due to the use of a positive ion mode. CONCLUSIONS Exosomes and human serum showed comparable lipid profiles as determined using MALDI-FTICR-MS. These findings provide a new perspective on exosomal lipidomics analysis and may serve as a foundation for future lipidomics-based biomarker research using MALDI-FTICR-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Jalaludin
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Huu-Quang Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Biomedical Omics Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebeom Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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10
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. Mass Spectrom Rev 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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11
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Habumugisha T, Zhang Z, Ndayishimiye JC, Nkinahamira F, Kayiranga A, Cyubahiro E, Rehman A, Yan C, Zhang X. Evaluation and optimization of the influence of silver cluster ions on the MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of polystyrene nanoplastic polymers. Anal Methods 2022; 14:763-772. [PMID: 35112122 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay02219a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the analysis of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNs), a nonpolar polymer (NP), using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), silver salts were used as cationization reagents and simultaneously brought the potential problems of silver clusters that interfered with the PSN signal of MS. To detect PSNs, silver trifluoroacetate (AgTFA) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) were mixed with five polar matrices, namely 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo) benzoic acid (HABA), dithranol (DI), sinapic acid (SA), trans-3-indoleacrylic acid (IAA), and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), and three nonpolar matrices, namely pyrene (PRN), anthracene (ATH) and acenaphthene (ACTH). The results showed that silver salt cluster ions were detected in the range of m/z 1000-4000. Five polar matrices with silver salts produced silver clusters, which interfered with the signals in the mass spectrum of PSNs, but the combination of these matrices with copper II chloride (CuCl2) salt did not produce copper-related clusters. However, the use of nonpolar matrices such as PRN, ATH or ACTH significantly decreased the signals of silver salt cluster ions, and this alteration of matrix types is considered a promising optimization approach for silver cluster ions. The nonpolar matrix conditions were optimized without producing silver cluster ions and the optimal detection conditions were found to be under nonpolar matrices (e.g., pyrene) with silver salts (e.g., AgTFA). The results suggest that when polar matrices, such as HABA, DI, SA, IAA, and DHB, are combined with silver salts in MALDI-TOF-MS analysis, silver-related clusters are detected in the range of m/z 1000-4000. Inhibition of the production of silver cluster ions can be achieved by the use of a nonpolar matrix (e.g., PRN) or polar matrix (e.g., DHB) with copper salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théogène Habumugisha
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zixing Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Jean Claude Ndayishimiye
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - François Nkinahamira
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Alexis Kayiranga
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Eric Cyubahiro
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changzhou Yan
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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12
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Yun K, Jalaludin I, Jung S, Jang KS, Kim J. Detection of multiply charged protein ions using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and a force-dried droplet method with a 2-nitrophloroglucinol matrix. Analyst 2022; 147:505-515. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MALDI-MS of myoglobin using 2-NPG with HCl additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangseok Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Iqbal Jalaludin
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinhee Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Biomedical Omics Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
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13
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Kulkarni AS, Huang L, Qian K. Material-assisted mass spectrometric analysis of low molecular weight compounds for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3622-3639. [PMID: 33871513 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00289a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular weight compounds play an important role in encoding the current physiological state of an individual. Laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS) offers high sensitivity with low cost for molecular detection, but it is not able to cover small molecules due to the drawbacks of the conventional matrix. Advanced materials are better alternatives, showing little background interference and high LDI efficiency. Herein, we first classify the current materials with a summary of compositions and structures. Matrix preparation protocols are then reviewed, to enhance the selectivity and reproducibility of MS data better. Finally, we highlight the biomedical applications of material-assisted LDI MS, at the tissue, bio-fluid, and cellular levels. We foresee that the advanced materials will bring far-reaching implications in LDI MS towards real-case applications, especially in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Shreeram Kulkarni
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China and School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Huang
- Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China.
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China and School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China.
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14
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Su H, Li X, Huang L, Cao J, Zhang M, Vedarethinam V, Di W, Hu Z, Qian K. Plasmonic Alloys Reveal a Distinct Metabolic Phenotype of Early Gastric Cancer. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2007978. [PMID: 33742513 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a multifactorial process, accompanied by alterations in metabolic pathways. Non-invasive metabolic profiling facilitates GC diagnosis at early stage leading to an improved prognostic outcome. Herein, mesoporous PdPtAu alloys are designed to characterize the metabolic profiles in human blood. The elemental composition is optimized with heterogeneous surface plasmonic resonance, offering preferred charge transfer for photoinduced desorption/ionization and enhanced photothermal conversion for thermally driven desorption. The surface structure of PdPtAu is further tuned with controlled mesopores, accommodating metabolites only, rather than large interfering compounds. Consequently, the optimized PdPtAu alloy yields direct metabolic fingerprints by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry in seconds, consuming 500 nL of native plasma. A distinct metabolic phenotype is revealed for early GC by sparse learning, resulting in precise GC diagnosis with an area under the curve of 0.942. It is envisioned that the plasmonic alloy will open up a new era of minimally invasive blood analysis to improve the surveillance of cancer patients in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Su
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Xinxing Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Medical College of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Mengji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Vadanasundari Vedarethinam
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Wen Di
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqian Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Medical College of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
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15
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Abstract
Mass spectrometric approaches to polymer analysis become increasingly ineffective as average molecular weight increases. This perspective explains these fundamental limits of MS for determining molecular weight distribution of high polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory T. Russell
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch 8140
- New Zealand
| | - J. Scott McIndoe
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Victoria
- Canada
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences
- University of Canterbury
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16
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Nguyen HQ, Lee D, Kim Y, Kim MS, Jang KS, Kim J. Recrystallization of dried droplets using acetonitrile to improve surface homogeneity in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric analysis with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid matrix. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2019; 33:1481-1484. [PMID: 31152460 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Quang Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dabin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoseon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sun Kim
- Scientific Instruments Reliability Assessment Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Biomedical Omics Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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