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Fortunati S, Giannetto M, Pedrini F, Nikolaou P, Donofrio G, Bertucci A, Careri M. A novel magnetic ligand-based assay for the electrochemical determination of BRD4. Talanta 2024; 279:126577. [PMID: 39032457 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The first magnetic ligand-based electrochemical assay aimed at the determination of BRD4 was developed and validated. BRD4 is an epigenetic regulator of great interest in oncology in relation to its overexpression observed in the pathogenesis of several cancer diseases. BRD4 also represents a major target for the development of innovative treatments aimed at protein inhibition or degradation. Despite the relevance of BRD4 both for diagnostics and therapeutic purposes, current methodologies for its determination are limited to commercial ELISA kits. We present a novel magnetic ligand-based assay for the electrochemical determination of BRD4. The developed assay is based on the use of a small synthetic fragment of the natural protein ligand for BRD4 as receptor, thus exploiting the intrinsic biological protein-protein recognition mechanism. In addition, the assay features the use of magnetic beads as immobilization platforms and peroxidase-conjugated monoclonal anti-BRD4 antibody for the generation of the electrochemical signal. The ligand-based assay shows outstanding performance in terms of rapidity, with results achievable in less than 20 min, no matrix effect when applied to human plasma or cell lysate samples, and excellent specificity. The proposed method exhibits a limit of detection of 2.66 nM and a response range tunable as a function of the amount of immobilized receptor. The developed ligand-based assay was successfully applied to the accurate determination of BRD4 in untreated cell lysates, as proven by the ELISA reference method. The good performance of the proposed bioassay for determination of BRD4 showed potential application of this strategy in convenient point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fortunati
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy; Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute (I.N.B.B. Consortium), Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Giannetto
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy; Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute (I.N.B.B. Consortium), Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136, Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Pedrini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Pavlos Nikolaou
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertucci
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy; Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute (I.N.B.B. Consortium), Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136, Roma, Italy.
| | - Maria Careri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy; Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute (I.N.B.B. Consortium), Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136, Roma, Italy
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2
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Ehtiati S, Naeeni B, Qeysouri B, Heidarian E, Azmon M, Ahmadzade R, Movahedpour A, Kazemi F, Motamedzadeh A, Khatami SH. Electrochemical biosensors in early leukemia detection. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 562:119871. [PMID: 39009333 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Leukemia, a type of blood cancer marked by an abnormal increase in white blood cells, poses a significant challenge to healthcare. The key to successful treatment lies in early detection. However, traditional methods often fall short. This review investigates the potential of electrochemical biosensors for a more accurate and earlier diagnosis of leukemia. Electrochemical biosensors are compact devices that transform biological interactions into electrical signals. Their small size, ease of use, and minimal sample requirements make them perfectly suited for point-of-care applications. Their remarkable sensitivity and specificity enable the detection of subtle biomolecular changes associated with leukemia, which is crucial for early disease detection. This review delves into studies that have utilized these biosensors to identify various types of leukemia. It examines the roles of electrodes, biorecognition elements, and signal transduction mechanisms. The discussion includes the integration of nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles and nitrogen-doped graphene into biosensor design. These materials boost sensitivity, enhance signal amplification, and facilitate multi-analyte detection, thereby providing a more holistic view of the disease. Beyond technical advancements, the review underscores the practical benefits of these biosensors. Their portability makes them a promising tool for resource-constrained settings, enabling swift diagnosis in remote areas or at a patient's bedside. The potential for monitoring treatment effectiveness and detecting minimal residual disease to prevent relapse is also explored. This review emphasizes the transformative potential of electrochemical biosensors in combating leukemia. By facilitating earlier and more accurate diagnosis, these biosensors stand to revolutionize patient care and enhance treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ehtiati
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Naeeni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Qeysouri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Erfan Heidarian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzyeh Azmon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reyhane Ahmadzade
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Kazemi
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Alireza Motamedzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Povedano E, Ruiz-Valdepeñas Montiel V, Sebuyoya R, Torrente-Rodríguez RM, Garranzo-Asensio M, Montero-Calle A, Pingarrón JM, Barderas R, Bartosik M, Campuzano S. Bringing to Light the Importance of the miRNA Methylome in Colorectal Cancer Prognosis Through Electrochemical Bioplatforms. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4580-4588. [PMID: 38348822 PMCID: PMC10955513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
This work reports the first electrochemical bioplatforms developed for the determination of the total contents of either target miRNA or methylated target miRNA. The bioplatforms are based on the hybridization of the target miRNA with a synthetic biotinylated DNA probe, the capture of the formed DNA/miRNA heterohybrids on the surface of magnetic microcarriers, and their recognition with an antibody selective to these heterohybrids or to the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) epimark. The determination of the total or methylated target miRNA was accomplished by labeling such secondary antibodies with the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme. In both cases, amperometric transduction was performed on the surface of disposable electrodes after capturing the resulting HRP-tagged magnetic bioconjugates. Because of their increasing relevance in colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis and prognosis, miRNA let-7a and m6A methylation were selected. The proposed electrochemical bioplatforms showed attractive analytical and operational characteristics for the determination of the total and m6A-methylated target miRNA in less than 75 min. These bioplatforms, innovative in design and application, were applied to the analysis of total RNA samples extracted from cultured cancer cells with different metastatic profiles and from paired healthy and tumor tissues of patients diagnosed with CRC at different stages. The obtained results demonstrated, for the first time using electrochemical platforms, the potential of interrogating the target miRNA methylation level to discriminate the metastatic capacities of cancer cells and to identify tumor tissues and, in a pioneering way, the potential of the m6A methylation in miRNA let-7a to serve as a prognostic biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Povedano
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pza. de las Ciencias 2, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Víctor Ruiz-Valdepeñas Montiel
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pza. de las Ciencias 2, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ravery Sebuyoya
- Research
Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk
Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, Brno 656
53, Czech Republic
- National
Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Rebeca M. Torrente-Rodríguez
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pza. de las Ciencias 2, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Maria Garranzo-Asensio
- Chronic
Disease Programme, UFIEC, Institute of Health
Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Ana Montero-Calle
- Chronic
Disease Programme, UFIEC, Institute of Health
Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - José M. Pingarrón
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pza. de las Ciencias 2, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Chronic
Disease Programme, UFIEC, Institute of Health
Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Martin Bartosik
- Research
Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk
Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, Brno 656
53, Czech Republic
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pza. de las Ciencias 2, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Oliveira JES, Araújo AP, Alves AS, Silva MWF, Almeida JPBD, Nascimento JAM, Dos Santos VB, Oliveira SCB. Simultaneous voltammetric determination of 7-methyl-guanine and 5-methyl-cytosine using a cathodically pre-treated boron-doped diamond electrode. Anal Biochem 2023; 671:115135. [PMID: 37019253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of identifying the presence of biomarkers of human diseases in DNA samples, the main objective of this work was to investigate, for the first time, the electro-catalytic oxidation of 7-methyl-guanine (7-mGua) and 5-methyl-cytosine (5-mCyt) on a boron doped diamond electrode pre-treated cathodically (red-BDDE), using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The anodic peak potentials of 7-mGua and 5-mCyt by DPV were at E = 1.04 V and E = 1.37 V at pH = 4.5, indicating excellent peak separation of approximately 330 mV between species. Using DPV, experimental conditions such as supporting electrolyte, pH and influence of interferents were also investigated to develop a sensitive and selective method for individual and simultaneous quantification of these biomarkers. The analytical curves for the simultaneous quantification of 7-mGua and 5-mCyt in the acid medium (pH = 4.5) were: concentration range of 0.50-5.00 μmol L-1 (r = 0.999), detection limit of 0.27 μmol L-1 for 7-mGua; from 3.00 to 25.00 μmol L-1 (r = 0.998), with a detection limit of 1.69 μmol L-1 for 5-mCyt. A new DP voltammetric method for the simultaneous detection and quantification of biomarkers 7-mGua and 5-mCyt using a red-BDDE is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex P Araújo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Arthur S Alves
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maycom W F Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vagner B Dos Santos
- Fundamental Chemistry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Ferguson CA, Hwang JCM, Zhang Y, Cheng X. Single-Cell Classification Based on Population Nucleus Size Combining Microwave Impedance Spectroscopy and Machine Learning. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1001. [PMID: 36679798 PMCID: PMC9860723 DOI: 10.3390/s23021001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Many recent efforts in the diagnostic field address the accessibility of cancer diagnosis. Typical histological staining methods identify cancer cells visually by a larger nucleus with more condensed chromatin. Machine learning (ML) has been incorporated into image analysis for improving this process. Recently, impedance spectrometers have been shown to generate all-inclusive lab-on-a-chip platforms to detect nucleus abnormities. In this paper, a wideband electrical sensor and data analysis paradigm that can identify nuclear changes shows the realization of a single-cell microfluidic device to detect nuclei of altered sizes. To model cells of altered nucleus, Jurkat cells were treated to enlarge or shrink their nucleus followed by broadband sensing to obtain the S-parameters of single cells. The ability to deduce important frequencies associated with nucleus size is demonstrated and used to improve classification models in both binary and multiclass scenarios, despite a heterogeneous and overlapping cell population. The important frequency features match those predicted in a double-shell circuit model published in prior work, demonstrating a coherent new analytical technique for electrical data analysis. The electrical sensing platform assisted by ML with impressive accuracy of cell classification looks forward to a label-free and flexible approach to cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James C. M. Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Xuanhong Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
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Singh S, Podder PS, Russo M, Henry C, Cinti S. Tailored point-of-care biosensors for liquid biopsy in the field of oncology. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 23:44-61. [PMID: 36321747 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00666a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the field of cancer detection, technologies to analyze tumors using biomarkers circulating in fluids such as blood have developed rapidly based on liquid biopsy. A proactive approach to early cancer detection can lead to more effective treatments with minimal side effects and better long-term patient survival. However, early detection of cancer is hindered by the existing limitations of conventional cancer diagnostic methods. To enable early diagnosis and regular monitoring and improve automation, the development of integrated point-of-care (POC) and biosensors is needed. This is expected to fundamentally change the diagnosis, management, and monitoring of response to treatment of cancer. POC-based techniques will provide a way to avoid complications that occur after invasive tissue biopsy, such as bleeding, infection, and pain. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive view of biosensors and their clinical relevance in oncology for the detection of biomarkers with liquid biopsies of proteins, miRNA, ctDNA, exosomes, and cancer cells. The preceding discussion also illustrates the changing landscape of liquid biopsy-based cancer diagnosis through nanomaterials, machine learning, artificial intelligence, wearable devices, and sensors, many of which apply POC design principles. With the advent of sensitive, selective, and timely detection of cancer, we see the field of POC technology for cancer detection and treatment undergoing a positive paradigm shift in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Pritam Saha Podder
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
| | - Matt Russo
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1872, USA
| | - Charles Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1872, USA
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
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7
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Ozkan-Ariksoysal D. Current Perspectives in Graphene Oxide-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Cancer Diagnostics. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080607. [PMID: 36005004 PMCID: PMC9405788 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Since the first commercial biosensor device for blood glucose measurement was introduced in the 1970s, many “biosensor types” have been developed, and this research area remains popular worldwide. In parallel with some global biosensor research reports published in the last decade, including a great deal of literature and industry statistics, it is predicted that biosensor design technologies, including handheld or wearable devices, will be preferred and highly valuable in many areas in the near future. Biosensors using nanoparticles still maintain their very important place in science and technology and are the subject of innovative research projects. Among the nanomaterials, carbon-based ones are considered to be one of the most valuable nanoparticles, especially in the field of electrochemical biosensors. In this context, graphene oxide, which has been used in recent years to increase the electrochemical analysis performance in biosensor designs, has been the subject of this review. In fact, graphene is already foreseen not only for biosensors but also as the nanomaterial of the future in many fields and is therefore drawing research attention. In this review, recent and prominent developments in biosensor technologies using graphene oxide (GO)-based nanomaterials in the field of cancer diagnosis are briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilsat Ozkan-Ariksoysal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
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8
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Povedano E, Gamella M, Torrente-Rodríguez RM, Ruiz-Valdepeñas Montiel V, Montero-Calle A, Solís-Fernández G, Navarro-Villoslada F, Pedrero M, Peláez-García A, Mendiola M, Hardisson D, Feliú J, Barderas R, Pingarrón JM, Campuzano S. Multiplexed magnetic beads-assisted amperometric bioplatforms for global detection of methylations in nucleic acids. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1182:338946. [PMID: 34602192 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the first electrochemical bioplatform developed for the multidetection of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in DNA, DNA N6-methyladenine (6mA) and RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylations at global level. Direct competitive immunoassays were implemented on the surface of magnetic beads (MBs) and optimized for the single amperometric determination of different targets varying in length, sequence and number of methylations on screen-printed carbon electrodes. After evaluating the sensitivity and selectivity of such determinations and the confirmation of no cross-reactivity, a multiplexed disposable platform allowing the simultaneous determination of the mentioned four methylation events in only 45 min has been prepared. The multiplexed bioplatform was successfully applied to the determination of m6A in cellular total RNA and of 5-mC, 5-hmC and 6mA in genomic DNA extracted from tissues. The developed bioplatform showed its usefulness to discriminate the aggressiveness of cancerous cells and between healthy and tumor tissues of colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Povedano
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Gamella
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca M Torrente-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Montero-Calle
- Chronic Disease Programme, UFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Navarro-Villoslada
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pedrero
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Peláez-García
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Mendiola
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, 28046, Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in the Cancer Network (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Hardisson
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, 28046, Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in the Cancer Network (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Feliú
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Cancer Network (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Translational Oncology Group Hospital Universitario La Paz IdiPAZ, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Chronic Disease Programme, UFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José M Pingarrón
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Mendes CH, Silva MW, Oliveira SCB. Voltammetric determination of 5-methylcytosine at glassy carbon electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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10
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Electrochemically detecting DNA methylation in the EN1 gene promoter: implications for understanding ageing and disease. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226876. [PMID: 33135722 PMCID: PMC7670582 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing need for biomarkers which predict age-onset pathology. Although this is challenging, the methylome offers significant potential. Cancer is associated with the hypermethylation of many gene promoters, among which are developmental genes. Evolutionary theory suggests developmental genes arbitrate early-late life trade-offs, causing epimutations that increase disease vulnerability. Such genes could predict age-related disease. The aim of this work was to optimise an electrochemical procedure for the future investigation of a broad range of ageing-related pathologies. An electrochemical approach, which adopted three analytical techniques, was used to investigate DNA methylation in the engrailed-1 (EN1) gene promoter. Using synthetic single-stranded DNA, one technique was able to detect DNA at concentrations as low as 10 nM, with methylation status distinguishable at concentrations >25 nM. A negative correlation could be observed between % methylation of a heterogeneous solution and the key electrochemical parameter, charge transfer resistance (Rct; r = -0.982, P<0.01). The technique was applied to the breast cancer cell line Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7), where a similar correlation was observed (r = -0.965, P<0.01). These results suggest electrochemistry can effectively measure DNA methylation at low concentrations of DNA. This has implications for the future detection of age-related disease.
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11
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Electrochemical biosensors for measurement of colorectal cancer biomarkers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2407-2428. [PMID: 33666711 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with one of the highest rates of mortality among cancers worldwide. The early detection and management of CRC is imperative. Biomarkers play an important role in CRC screening tests, CRC treatment, and prognosis and clinical management; thus rapid and sensitive detection of biomarkers is helpful for early detection of CRC. In recent years, electrochemical biosensors for detecting CRC biomarkers have been widely investigated. In this review, different electrochemical detection methods for CRC biomarkers including immunosensors, aptasensors, and genosensors are summarized. Further, representative examples are provided that demonstrate the advantages of electrochemical sensors modified by various nanomaterials. Finally, the limitations and prospects of biomarkers and electrochemical sensors in detection are also discussed. Graphical abstract.
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12
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Sfragano PS, Pillozzi S, Palchetti I. Electrochemical and PEC platforms for miRNA and other epigenetic markers of cancer diseases: Recent updates. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.106929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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