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Ibrahim M, Petrík S. Brake Fluid Condition Monitoring by a Fiber Optic Sensor Using Silica Nanomaterials as Sensing Components. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2524. [PMID: 38676141 PMCID: PMC11053408 DOI: 10.3390/s24082524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In the automotive industry, there has been considerable focus on developing various sensors for engine oil monitoring. However, when it comes to monitoring the condition of brake fluid, which is crucial for ensuring safety, there has been a lack of a secure online method for this monitoring. This study addresses this gap by developing a hybrid silica nanofiber mat, or an aerogel integrated with an optical fiber sensor, to monitor brake fluid condition. The incorporation of silica nanofibers in this hybrid enhances the sensitivity of the optical fiber glass surface by at least 3.75 times. Furthermore, creating an air gap between the glass surface of the optical fiber and the nanofibers boosts sensitivity by at least 5 times, achieving a better correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.98). In the case of silica aerogel, the sensitivity is enhanced by 10 times, but this enhancement relies on the presence of the established air gap. The air gap was adjusted to range from 0.5 mm to 1 mm, without any significant change in the measurement within this range. The response time of the developed sensor is a minimum of 15 min. The sensing material is irreversible and has a diameter of 2.5 mm, making it easily replaceable. Overall, the sensor demonstrates strong repeatability, with approximately 90% consistency, and maintains uncertainty levels below 5% across specific ranges: from 3% to 6% for silica aerogel and from 5% to 6% for silica nanofibers in the presence of an air gap. These findings hold promise for integrating such an optical fiber sensor into a car's electronic system, enabling the direct online monitoring of brake fluid quality. Additionally, the study elucidates the effect of water absorption on the refractive index of brake fluid, as well as on the silica nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayza Ibrahim
- Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 46001 Liberec, Czech Republic;
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He X, Lu Q. A review of high internal phase Pickering emulsions: Stabilization, rheology, and 3D printing application. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 324:103086. [PMID: 38244533 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
High internal phase Pickering emulsion (HIPPE) is renowned for its exceptionally high-volume fraction of internal phase, leading to flocculated yet deformed emulsion droplets and unique rheological behaviors such as shear-thinning property, viscoelasticity, and thixotropic recovery. Alongside the inherent features of regular emulsion systems, such as large interfacial area and well-mixture of two immiscible liquids, the HIPPEs have been emerging as building blocks to construct three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with customized structures and programmable functions using an extrusion-based 3D printing technique, making 3D-printed HIPPE-based scaffolds attract widespread interest from various fields such as food science, biotechnology, environmental science, and energy transfer. Herein, the recent advances in preparing suitable HIPPEs as 3D printing inks for various applied fields are reviewed. This work begins with the stabilization mechanism of HIPPEs, followed by introducing the origin of their distinctive rheological behaviors and strategies to adjust the rheological behaviors to prepare more eligible HIPPEs as printing inks. Then, the compatibility between extrusion-based 3D printing and HIPPEs as building blocks was discussed, followed by a summary of the potential applications using 3D-printed HIPPE-based scaffolds. Finally, limitations and future perspectives on preparing HIPPE-based materials using extrusion-based 3D printing were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao He
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qingye Lu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Wang Z, Dong Z, Shen X, Wu B. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Using Yeast as a Supporting Substrate. Molecules 2023; 28:7103. [PMID: 37894582 PMCID: PMC10608888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have gained significant attention as artificial receptors due to their low cost, mild operating conditions, and excellent selectivity. To optimize the synthesis process and enhance the recognition performance, various support materials for molecular imprinting have been explored as a crucial research direction. Yeast, a biological material, offers advantages such as being green and environmentally friendly, low cost, and easy availability, making it a promising supporting substrate in the molecular imprinting process. We focus on the preparation of different types of MIPs involving yeast and elaborate on the specific roles it plays in each case. Additionally, we discuss the advantages and limitations of yeast in the preparation of MIPs and conclude with the challenges and future development trends of yeast in molecular imprinting research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiantao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Anheuser-Busch Management (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Wuhan Branch, Wuhan 430051, China;
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Dehghanghadikolaei A, Abdul Halim B, Sojoudi H. Impact of Processing Parameters on Contactless Emulsification via Corona Discharge. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:24931-24941. [PMID: 37483189 PMCID: PMC10357431 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
A contactless emulsification method is presented using corona discharge. The corona discharge forms using a pin-to-plate configuration, creating a non-uniform electric field. This results in a simultaneous electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pumping of silicone oil and an electroconvection of water droplets that accelerate and submerge inside the oil, leading to a continuous water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion formation process. The impact of the oil viscosity and corona generating AC and DC electric fields (i.e., voltage and frequency) on the characteristics of the emulsions is studied. The emulsification power consumption using the AC and DC electric fields is calculated and compared to traditional emulsion formation methods. While using the DC electric field results in the formation of uniform emulsions, the AC electric field is readily available and uses less power for the emulsification. This is facile, contactless, and energy-efficient for the continuous formation of W/O emulsions.
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Wang Y, Sun B, Hao Z, Zhang J. Advances in Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Latex Particles via In Situ Emulsion Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2995. [PMID: 37514385 PMCID: PMC10385736 DOI: 10.3390/polym15142995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid latex particles combine the unique properties of inorganic nano/micro particles with the inherent properties of polymers, exhibiting tremendous potential for a variety of applications. Recent years have witnessed an increased interest in the design and preparation of hybrid latex particles with well-defined size, structure and morphology. Due to its simplicity, versatility and environmental friendliness, the in situ (Pickering) emulsion polymerization has been demonstrated to be a powerful approach for the large-scale preparation of hybrid latex particles. In this review, the strategies and applications of in situ (Pickering) emulsion polymerization for the preparation of hybrid latex particles are systematically summarized. A particular focus is placed on the strategies for the preparation of hybrid latex particles with enhanced properties and well-defined core-shell, yolk-shell, multinuclear, raspberry-like, dumbbell-shaped, multipod-like or armored morphologies. We hope that the considerable advances, examples and principles presented in this review can motivate future contributions to provide a deeper understanding of current preparation technologies, develop new processes, and enable further exploitation of hybrid latex particles with outstanding characteristics and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Wang
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- CNPC Engineering Technology Research Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300451, China
| | - Baojiang Sun
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhiwei Hao
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- CNPC Engineering Technology Research Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300451, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Safety Assessment of Starch Nanoparticles as an Emulsifier in Human Skin Cells, 3D Cultured Artificial Skin, and Human Skin. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020806. [PMID: 36677864 PMCID: PMC9866426 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Emulsion systems are widely used in various industries, including the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries, because they require emulsifiers to stabilize the inherently unstable contact between oil and water. Although emulsifiers are included in many products, excessive use of emulsifiers destroys skin barriers and causes contact dermatitis. Accordingly, the consumer demand for cosmetic products made from natural ingredients with biocompatibility and biodegradability has increased. Starch in the form of solid nanosized particles is considered an attractive emulsifier that forms and stabilizes Pickering emulsion. Chemical modification of nanosized starch via acid hydrolysis can effectively provide higher emulsion stability. However, typical acid hydrolysis limits the industrial application of starch due to its high time consumption and low recovery. In previous studies, the effects of starch nanoparticles (SNPs) prepared by treatment with acidic dry heat, which overcomes these limitations, on the formation and stability of Pickering emulsions were reported. In this study, we evaluated the safety of SNPs in skin cell lines, 3D cultured skin, and human skin. We found that the cytotoxicity of SNPs in both HaCaT cells and HDF cells could be controlled by neutralization. We also observed that SNPs did not induce structural abnormalities on 3D cultured skin and did not permeate across micropig skin tissue or human skin membranes. Furthermore, patches loaded with SNPs were found to belong in the "No irritation" category because they did not cause any irritation when placed on human skin. Overall, the study results suggest that SNPs can be used as a safe emulsifier in various industries, including in cosmetics.
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Trideva Sastri K, Vishal Gupta N, Kannan A, Balamuralidhara V, Ramkishan A. Potential nanocarrier-mediated miRNA-based therapy approaches for multiple sclerosis. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103357. [PMID: 36115632 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neuroinflammatory disorder attributed to neurodegeneration and demyelination, resulting in neurological impairment. miRNA has a significant role in biological processes in MS. In this review, we focus on the feasibility of delivering miRNAs through nanoformulations for managing MS. We provide a brief discussion of miRNA synthesis and evidence for miRNA dysregulation in MS. We also highlight formulation strategies and resulting technologies for the effective delivery of miRNAs through nanocarrier systems for achieving high therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Trideva Sastri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Bannimantap, Mysuru, India
| | - N Vishal Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Bannimantap, Mysuru, India.
| | - Anbarasu Kannan
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - V Balamuralidhara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Bannimantap, Mysuru, India
| | - A Ramkishan
- Deputy Drugs Controller (India), Central Drugs Standard Control Organization, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, India
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Nayl AA, Abd-Elhamid AI, Aly AA, Bräse S. Recent progress in the applications of silica-based nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13706-13726. [PMID: 35530394 PMCID: PMC9073631 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01587k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalized silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) have attracted great attention due to their promising distinctive, versatile, and privileged physiochemical characteristics. These enhanced properties make this type of functionalized nanoparticles particularly appropriate for different applications. A lack of reviews that summarizes the fabrications of such nanomaterials and their different applications in the same work has been observed in the literature. Therefore, in this work, we will discuss the recent signs of progress in the fabrication of functionalized silica nanoparticles and their attractive applications that have been extensively highlighted (advanced catalysis, drug-delivery, biomedical applications, environmental remediation applications, and wastewater treatment). These applications have been selected for demonstrating the role of the surface modification step on the various properties of the silica surface. In addition, the current challenges in the applications of functionalized silica nanoparticles and corresponding strategies to discuss these issues and future perspectives for additional improvement have been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Nayl
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University Sakaka Aljouf 72341 Saudi Arabia
| | - A I Abd-Elhamid
- Composites and Nanostructured Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City) New Borg Al-Arab Alexandria 21934 Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Aly
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Organic Division, Minia University 61519-El-Minia Egypt
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76133 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Director Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen D-76344 Germany
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