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Hashem AH, Saied E, Badr BM, Dora MS, Diab MA, Abdelaziz AM, Elkady FM, Ali MA, Issa NI, Hamdy ZA, Nafea ME, Khalifa AN, Adel A, Hasib A, Hawela AM, El-Gazzar MM, Nouh MA, Nahool AA, Attia MS. Biosynthesis of trimetallic nanoparticles and their biological applications: a recent review. Arch Microbiol 2025; 207:50. [PMID: 39891715 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-025-04237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2024] [Revised: 12/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025]
Abstract
Trimetallic nanoparticles (TMNPs) have emerged as a pivotal area of research due to their unique properties and diverse applications across medicine, agriculture, and environmental sciences. This review provides several novel contributions that distinguish it from existing literature on trimetallic nanoparticles (TMNPs). Firstly, it offers a focused exploration of TMNPs, specifically addressing their unique properties and applications, which have been less examined compared to other multimetallic nanoparticles. This targeted analysis fills a significant gap in current research. Secondly, the review emphasizes innovative biosynthesis methods utilizing microorganisms and plant extracts, positioning these green synthesis approaches as environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional chemical methods. This focus aligns with the increasing demand for sustainable practices in nanotechnology. Furthermore, the review integrates discussions on both medical and agricultural applications of TMNPs, highlighting their multifunctional potential across diverse fields. This comprehensive perspective enhances our understanding of how TMNPs can address various challenges. Additionally, the review explores the synergistic effects among the different metals in TMNPs, providing insights into how these interactions can be harnessed to optimize their properties for specific applications. Such discussions are often overlooked in existing studies. Moreover, this review identifies critical research gaps and challenges within the field, outlining future directions that encourage further investigation and innovation in TMNP development. By doing so, it proactively contributes to advancing the field. Finally, the review advocates for interdisciplinary collaboration among material scientists, biologists, and environmental scientists, emphasizing the importance of diverse expertise in enhancing the research and application of TMNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr H Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ebrahim Saied
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bahaa M Badr
- Department of Basic and Clinical Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud A Diab
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amer Morsy Abdelaziz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Fathy M Elkady
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelrahman Ali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nasser Ibrahim Issa
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ziad A Hamdy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Nafea
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Nageh Khalifa
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Albraa Adel
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman Hasib
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mostafa Hawela
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mustafa A Nouh
- Research and Development Department, ALSALAM International for Development & Agricultural Investment, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelhay Nahool
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Attia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Frka-Petesic B, Parton TG, Honorato-Rios C, Narkevicius A, Ballu K, Shen Q, Lu Z, Ogawa Y, Haataja JS, Droguet BE, Parker RM, Vignolini S. Structural Color from Cellulose Nanocrystals or Chitin Nanocrystals: Self-Assembly, Optics, and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12595-12756. [PMID: 38011110 PMCID: PMC10729353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Widespread concerns over the impact of human activity on the environment have resulted in a desire to replace artificial functional materials with naturally derived alternatives. As such, polysaccharides are drawing increasing attention due to offering a renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible feedstock for functional nanomaterials. In particular, nanocrystals of cellulose and chitin have emerged as versatile and sustainable building blocks for diverse applications, ranging from mechanical reinforcement to structural coloration. Much of this interest arises from the tendency of these colloidally stable nanoparticles to self-organize in water into a lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystal, which can be readily manipulated in terms of its periodicity, structure, and geometry. Importantly, this helicoidal ordering can be retained into the solid-state, offering an accessible route to complex nanostructured films, coatings, and particles. In this review, the process of forming iridescent, structurally colored films from suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is summarized and the mechanisms underlying the chemical and physical phenomena at each stage in the process explored. Analogy is then drawn with chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs), allowing for key differences to be critically assessed and strategies toward structural coloration to be presented. Importantly, the progress toward translating this technology from academia to industry is summarized, with unresolved scientific and technical questions put forward as challenges to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- International
Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Thomas G. Parton
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Camila Honorato-Rios
- Department
of Sustainable and Bio-inspired Materials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aurimas Narkevicius
- B
CUBE − Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kevin Ballu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Qingchen Shen
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Zihao Lu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Ogawa
- CERMAV-CNRS,
CS40700, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Johannes S. Haataja
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, P.O. Box
15100, Aalto, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - Benjamin E. Droguet
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Parker
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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3
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Sheikh Hosseini M, Moosavi-Nejad Z, Mohammadi P. A new nanobiotic: synthesis and characterization of an albumin nanoparticle with intrinsic antibiotic activity. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 15:697-704. [PMID: 37941877 PMCID: PMC10628079 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives With entering the "post-antibiotic era", antibiotic resistance is one of the most important problems in food security, health and medicine. Invention of nanoparticles with intrinsic antimicrobial activity has been provided a new tool to combat the problem, including some metal nanoparticles. But protein nanoparticles have been often used as nano-carrier for antibiotic drugs, not for their own antibiotic activity. In this article we have fabricated a very small BSA-NP without any chemical modification on BSA molecules showing antibacterial activity. Materials and Methods Bovine serum albumin nanoparticle (BSA-NP) was synthesized using botton-up approach, by dissolution of BSA in urea-containing Tris buffer for 60 min at 60°C. Then, the BSA solution was dialyzed against distilled water in order to nanoparticle formation. The resulted BSA-NP has been characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission surface electron microscopy (FESEM), SDS-PAGE, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-spectrophotometery. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method was used for evaluation of antibacterial activity of BSA-NP against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results The results obtained by DLS technique indicated that BSA molecules were self-assembled into small aggregates with a hydrodynamic diameter of 23.23 ± 2.1 nm. With a small polydispersity index (PDI=0.522), the nanoparticles had good spherical uniformity. The nanoparticles made from a single type of protein molecule (BSA) and have a relatively transparent appearance. The BSA-NPs caused a decrease in cell growth of both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Moreover, they had a bacteriostatic effect on P. aeruginosa (MIC=112×10-5 μM). Conclusion In this study, using a green synthesis method, we succeeded in synthesizing a very small uniform BSA nanoparticles without any chemical modification on BSA molecules. It also has bacteriostatic properties against P. aeruginosa. Therefore, it is hypothesized that our BSA-NPs may be effective as a new approach to combat antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Sheikh Hosseini
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Moosavi-Nejad
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohammadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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Hassan NA, Darwesh OM, Smuda SS, Altemimi AB, Hu A, Cacciola F, Haoujar I, Abedelmaksoud TG. Recent Trends in the Preparation of Nano-Starch Particles. Molecules 2022; 27:5497. [PMID: 36080267 PMCID: PMC9457580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch is affected by several limitations, e.g., retro-gradation, high viscosity even at low concentrations, handling issues, poor freeze-thaw stability, low process tolerance, and gel opacity. In this context, physical, chemical, and enzymatic methods have been investigated for addressing such limitations or adding new attributes. Thus, the creation of biomaterial-based nanoparticles has sparked curiosity. Because of that, single nucleotide polymorphisms are gaining a lot of interest in food packaging technology. This is due to their ability to increase the mechanical and water vapor resistance of the matrix, as well as hide its re-crystallization during storage in high-humidity atmospheres and enhance the mechanical properties of films when binding in paper machines and paper coating. In medicine, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are suitable as carriers in the field of drug delivery for immobilized bioactive or therapeutic agents, as well as wastewater treatments as an alternative to expensive activated carbons. Starch nanoparticle preparations can be performed by hydrolysis via acid hydrolysis of the amorphous part of a starch molecule, the use of enzymes such as pullulanase or isoamylase, or a combination of two regeneration and mechanical treatments with the employment of extrusion, irradiation, ultrasound, or precipitation. The possibility of obtaining cheap and easy-to-use methods for starch and starch derivative nanoparticles is of fundamental importance. Nano-precipitation and ultra-sonication are rather simple and reliable methods for nanoparticle production. The process involves the addition of a diluted starch solution into a non-solvent, and ultra-sonication aims to reduce the size by breaking the covalent bonds in polymeric material due to intense shear forces or mechanical effects associated with the collapsing of micro-bubbles by sound waves. The current study focuses on starch nanoparticle manufacturing, characterization, and emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Ali Hassan
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Osama M. Darwesh
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Sayed Saad Smuda
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ammar B. Altemimi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq
- College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Aijun Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Imane Haoujar
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
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5
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van der Put RMF, Spies A, Metz B, Some D, Scherrers R, Pieters R, Danial M. Validation of an FFF-MALS Method to Characterize the Production and Functionalization of Outer-Membrane Vesicles for Conjugate Vaccines. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12033-12041. [PMID: 36007249 PMCID: PMC9453738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the ongoing development of conjugate vaccines battling infectious diseases, there is a need for novel carriers. Although tetanus toxoid and CRM197 belong to the traditional carrier proteins, outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are an excellent alternative: in addition to their size, OMVs have self-adjuvanting properties due to the presence of genetically detoxified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and are therefore ideal as a vaccine component or antigen carrier. An essential aspect of their development for vaccine products is characterization of OMVs with respect to size and purity. We report on the development of a field-flow fractionation multiangle light-scattering (FFF-MALS) method for such characterization. Here, we introduced NIST-traceable particle-size standards and BSA as a model protein to verify the precision of the size and purity analysis of the OMVs. We executed a validation program according to the principles provided in the ICH Guidelines Q2 (R1) to assess the quality attributes of the results obtained by FFF-MALS analysis. All validation characteristics showed excellent results with coefficients of variation between 0.4 and 7.32%. Estimation of limits of detection for hydrodynamic radius and particle concentration revealed that as little as 1 μg OMV still yielded accurate results. With the validated method, we further characterized a full downstream purification process of our proprietary OMV. This was followed by the evaluation of other purified OMVs from different bacterial origin. Finally, functionalizing OMVs with N-γ-(maleimidobutyryl)oxysuccinimide-ester (GMBS), generating ready-to-conjugate OMVs, did not affect the structural integrity of the OMVs and as such, they could be evaluated with the validated FFF-MALS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M F van der Put
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Intravacc, P.O. Box 450, 3720 AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud Spies
- Intravacc, P.O. Box 450, 3720 AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Metz
- Intravacc, P.O. Box 450, 3720 AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Some
- Wyatt Technology Corp., Santa Barbara, California 93117, United States
| | | | - Roland Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Danial
- Intravacc, P.O. Box 450, 3720 AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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6
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Lupo V, Mercuri PS, Frère JM, Joris B, Galleni M, Baurain D, Kerff F. An Extended Reservoir of Class-D Beta-Lactamases in Non-Clinical Bacterial Strains. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0031522. [PMID: 35311582 PMCID: PMC9045261 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00315-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial genes coding for antibiotic resistance represent a major issue in the fight against bacterial pathogens. Among those, genes encoding beta-lactamases target penicillin and related compounds such as carbapenems, which are critical for human health. Beta-lactamases are classified into classes A, B, C, and D, based on their amino acid sequence. Class D enzymes are also known as OXA beta-lactamases, due to the ability of the first enzymes described in this class to hydrolyze oxacillin. While hundreds of class D beta-lactamases with different activity profiles have been isolated from clinical strains, their nomenclature remains very uninformative. In this work, we have carried out a comprehensive survey of a reference database of 80,490 genomes and identified 24,916 OXA-domain containing proteins. These were deduplicated and their representative sequences clustered into 45 non-singleton groups derived from a phylogenetic tree of 1,413 OXA-domain sequences, including five clusters that include the C-terminal domain of the BlaR membrane receptors. Interestingly, 801 known class D beta-lactamases fell into only 18 clusters. To probe the unknown diversity of the class, we selected 10 protein sequences in 10 uncharacterized clusters and studied the activity profile of the corresponding enzymes. A beta-lactamase activity could be detected for seven of them. Three enzymes (OXA-1089, OXA-1090 and OXA-1091) were active against oxacillin and two against imipenem. These results indicate that, as already reported, environmental bacteria constitute a large reservoir of resistance genes that can be transferred to clinical strains, whether through plasmid exchange or hitchhiking with the help of transposase genes. IMPORTANCE The transmission of genes coding for resistance factors from environmental to nosocomial strains is a major component in the development of bacterial resistance toward antibiotics. Our survey of class D beta-lactamase genes in genomic databases highlighted the high sequence diversity of the enzymes that are able to recognize and/or hydrolyze beta-lactam antibiotics. Among those, we could also identify new beta-lactamases that are able to hydrolyze carbapenems, one of the last resort antibiotic families used in human antimicrobial chemotherapy. Therefore, it can be expected that the use of this antibiotic family will fuel the emergence of new beta-lactamases into clinically relevant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérian Lupo
- InBioS-PhytoSYSTEMS, Eukaryotic Phylogenomics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- InBioS, Center for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Jean-Marie Frère
- InBioS, Center for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Joris
- InBioS, Center for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Moreno Galleni
- InBioS, Center for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Denis Baurain
- InBioS-PhytoSYSTEMS, Eukaryotic Phylogenomics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Kerff
- InBioS, Center for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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7
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Gomez-Gonzalez E, Barriga-Rivera A, Fernandez-Muñoz B, Navas-Garcia JM, Fernandez-Lizaranzu I, Munoz-Gonzalez FJ, Parrilla-Giraldez R, Requena-Lancharro D, Gil-Gamboa P, Rosell-Valle C, Gomez-Gonzalez C, Mayorga-Buiza MJ, Martin-Lopez M, Muñoz O, Gomez-Martin JC, Relimpio-Lopez MI, Aceituno-Castro J, Perales-Esteve MA, Puppo-Moreno A, Garcia-Cozar FJ, Olvera-Collantes L, Gomez-Diaz R, de Los Santos-Trigo S, Huguet-Carrasco M, Rey M, Gomez E, Sanchez-Pernaute R, Padillo-Ruiz J, Marquez-Rivas J. Optical imaging spectroscopy for rapid, primary screening of SARS-CoV-2: a proof of concept. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2356. [PMID: 35181702 PMCID: PMC8857323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective testing is essential to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. Here we report a-proof-of-concept study on hyperspectral image analysis in the visible and near-infrared range for primary screening at the point-of-care of SARS-CoV-2. We apply spectral feature descriptors, partial least square-discriminant analysis, and artificial intelligence to extract information from optical diffuse reflectance measurements from 5 µL fluid samples at pixel, droplet, and patient levels. We discern preparations of engineered lentiviral particles pseudotyped with the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 from those with the G protein of the vesicular stomatitis virus in saline solution and artificial saliva. We report a quantitative analysis of 72 samples of nasopharyngeal exudate in a range of SARS-CoV-2 viral loads, and a descriptive study of another 32 fresh human saliva samples. Sensitivity for classification of exudates was 100% with peak specificity of 87.5% for discernment from PCR-negative but symptomatic cases. Proposed technology is reagent-free, fast, and scalable, and could substantially reduce the number of molecular tests currently required for COVID-19 mass screening strategies even in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Gomez-Gonzalez
- Department of Applied Physics III, ETSI School of Engineering, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092, Sevilla, Spain. .,Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Barriga-Rivera
- Department of Applied Physics III, ETSI School of Engineering, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.,School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Beatriz Fernandez-Muñoz
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular (UPRC), Red Andaluza de Diseño y Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas, Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Fernandez-Lizaranzu
- Department of Applied Physics III, ETSI School of Engineering, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Munoz-Gonzalez
- Department of Applied Physics III, ETSI School of Engineering, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Desiree Requena-Lancharro
- Department of Applied Physics III, ETSI School of Engineering, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pedro Gil-Gamboa
- Department of Applied Physics III, ETSI School of Engineering, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina Rosell-Valle
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular (UPRC), Red Andaluza de Diseño y Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas, Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Gomez-Gonzalez
- Service of Intensive Care, University Hospital 'Virgen del Rocio', 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Mayorga-Buiza
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,Service of Anesthesiology, University Hospital 'Virgen del Rocio', 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Martin-Lopez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular (UPRC), Red Andaluza de Diseño y Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas, Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Olga Muñoz
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Maria Isabel Relimpio-Lopez
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009, Seville, Spain.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital 'Virgen Macarena', 41009, Sevilla, Spain.,OftaRed, Institute of Health 'Carlos III', 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Aceituno-Castro
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, 18008, Granada, Spain.,Centro Astronomico Hispano Alemán, 04550, Almeria, Spain
| | - Manuel A Perales-Esteve
- Department of Electronic Engineering, ETSI School of Engineering, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Puppo-Moreno
- Service of Intensive Care, University Hospital 'Virgen del Rocio', 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Lucia Olvera-Collantes
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomedica de Cádiz (INIBICA), 11009, Cadiz, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Emilia Gomez
- Joint Research Centre, European Commission, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosario Sanchez-Pernaute
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular (UPRC), Red Andaluza de Diseño y Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas, Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Padillo-Ruiz
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009, Seville, Spain.,Department of General Surgery, University Hospital 'Virgen del Rocío', 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Marquez-Rivas
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009, Seville, Spain.,Service of Neurosurgery, University Hospital 'Virgen del Rocío', 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,Centre for Advanced Neurology, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
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