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Brown JD, Kadom N, Weinberg BD, Krupinski EA. ResearchConnect.info: An Interactive Web-Based Platform for Building Academic Collaborations. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:1968-1975. [PMID: 38724131 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Radiology is a rapidly evolving field that benefits from continuous innovation and research participation among trainees. Traditional methods for involving residents in research are often inefficient and limited, usually due to the absence of a standardized approach to identifying available research projects. A centralized online platform can enhance networking and offer equal opportunities for all residents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Research Connect is an online platform built with PHP, SQL, and JavaScript. Features include project and collaboration listing as well as advertisement of project openings to medical/undergraduate students, residents, and fellows. The automated system maintains project data and sends notifications for new research opportunities when they meet user preference criteria. Both pre- and post-launch surveys were used to assess the platform's efficacy. RESULTS Before the introduction of Research Connect, 69% of respondents used informal conversations as their primary method of discovering research opportunities. One year after its launch, Research Connect had 141 active users, comprising 63 residents and 41 faculty members, along with 85 projects encompassing various radiology subspecialties. The platform received a median satisfaction rating of 4 on a 1-5 scale, with 54% of users successfully locating projects of interest through the platform. CONCLUSION Research Connect addresses the need for a standardized method and centralized platform with active research projects and is designed for scalability. Feedback suggests it has increased the visibility and accessibility of radiology research, promoting greater trainee involvement and academic collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Brown
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA.
| | - Nadja Kadom
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Brent D Weinberg
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Krupinski
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
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Pur DR, Kryshtalskyj MT, Hutnik CML, Bursztyn LLCD. Association of pre-residency publications with research productivity in residency, fellowship, and academic career choice among Canadian ophthalmologists. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024:S0008-4182(24)00037-1. [PMID: 38431270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess whether the research output of medical students who matched into a Canadian ophthalmology residency program influences their subsequent research productivity during residency, decision to pursue a fellowship, or engagement in academic practice. DESIGN Retrospective database review. PARTICIPANTS A total of 369 trainees commencing ophthalmology residency from 2004 to 2015 at 15 residency programs. METHODS Each trainee's publication record was queried in Scopus before and after the date they started residency. Multiple public sources were searched to identify fellowship placement and the type of subsequent practice (i.e., academic or community). Predictors of research productivity during residency, fellowship, and practice setting were assessed using multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS Trainees with pre-residency publications (n = 187) demonstrated significantly higher research productivity during residency than those without pre-residency publications (n = 182), with a mean of 5.17 ± 5.97 versus 1.60 ± 2.38 publications on any topic (p < 0.001). Pre-residency research output was a predictor of research productivity during residency (relative risk = 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09-1.27; p < 0.001), pursuing fellowship (odds ratio, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.74-4.83), and an academic career (odds ratio = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.07-3.2). CONCLUSION Pre-residency research output is a significant predictor of research productivity during residency and subsequent career choices, suggesting that pre-residency publishing reflects a propensity toward an academic trajectory. Residency publication count moderates this association, underscoring the role of the residency program environment in fostering research productivity. Addressing barriers such as mentorship, funding, and curriculum may be key to incentivizing trainees to pursue academic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana R Pur
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON
| | | | - Cindy M L Hutnik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON
| | - Lulu L C D Bursztyn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON..
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Andronikou S, Elsingergy MM, Hailu T, Mekete Y, Wieczkowski S, Otero HJ, Darge K. A "global village": promoting research and careers in the pediatric radiology community through diversity. Pediatr Radiol 2024; 54:407-412. [PMID: 36853376 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a severe shortage of pediatric radiologists in the USA and across the globe due to multiple factors. These severe shortages, along with increased clinical demand, growing research costs and limited funding sources place pediatric radiologists, particularly those in academic departments, under increasing time pressure, affecting their ability to maintain research productivity. In this paper, we model a new concept that should help boost the research efforts within the pediatric radiology community, while diversifying the academic workforce through the involvement of international medical graduates (IMGs). We describe the mutual advantages this concept could have on academic pediatric radiology departments and IMGs alike, as well as pose some of the unique challenges that could impact this concept and effective strategies to ensure success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savvas Andronikou
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohamed M Elsingergy
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Tigist Hailu
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yadel Mekete
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sydney Wieczkowski
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hansel J Otero
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kassa Darge
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Tsang B, Aakef M, Nourmohammad A, McKinney JR, Modares M, Levine M, Alman B, Moody AR, Doria AS. Evaluating the Outcomes and Trainee Performance of a Canadian Medical Imaging Clinician Investigator Program. Can Assoc Radiol J 2024; 75:28-37. [PMID: 37347463 DOI: 10.1177/08465371231181484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To measure the research productivity of trainees from the University of Toronto's Medical Imaging Clinician Investigator Program (MI-CIP) and comparing it with the research productivity of trainees from MI-non-CIP and General Surgery (GSx) Clinician Investigator Program. Methods: We identified residents who completed an MI-CIP, MI-non-CIP and GSx-CIP from 2006-2016. In each group of trainees, we assessed 3 research productivity outcomes with non-parametric tests before residency and at 7 years post-CIP completion/post-graduation. Research productivity outcomes include the number of total publications, the number of first-author publications, and the publication's average journal impact factor (IF). Results: We identified 11 MI-CIP trainees (male/female: 9 [82%]/2 [18%]), 74 MI-non-CIP trainees (46 [62%]/28 [38%]) and 41 GSx-CIP trainees (23 [56%]/18 [44%]). MI-CIP trainees had statistically significant higher research productivity than MI-non-CIP in all measured outcomes. The median (interquartile range, IQR) number of total publications of MI-CIP vs MI-non-CIP trainees was 5.0 (8.0) vs 1.0 (2.0) before residency and 6.0 (10.0) vs .0 (2.0) at 7 years post-CIP completion/post-graduation. The median (IQR) first-author publications of MI-CIP vs MI-non-CIP trainees was 2.0 (3.0) vs .0 (1.0) before residency and 2.0 (4.0) vs (.0) (1.0) at 7 years post-CIP completion/post-graduation. The median (IQR) average journal IF of MI-CIP vs MI-non-CIP trainees was 3.2 (2.0) vs .3 (2.4) before residency and 3.9 (3.2) vs .0 (2.6) at 7 years post-CIP completion/post-graduation. Between MI-CIP and GSx-CIP trainees, there were no significant differences in research productivity in all measured outcomes. Conclusion: MI-CIP trainees actively conducted research after graduation. These trainees demonstrated early research engagement before residency. The similar research productivity of MI-CIP vs GSx-CIP trainees shows initial success of MI-CIP trainees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Tsang
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed Aakef
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Armin Nourmohammad
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer R McKinney
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mana Modares
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Levine
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin Alman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alan R Moody
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea S Doria
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Assi B, Girgis H, Tiliakos A, Aryana R, Patel S, Murugesan A. A commitment to Radiology: How Medical Students Can Navigate Through the Increased Competitiveness of Diagnostic Radiology. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2024; 53:31-33. [PMID: 37925238 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, diagnostic radiology has become increasingly competitive leaving many applicants seeking to increase the strength of their applications. This paper aims to help inform future radiology applicants on how to prepare for a successful match into radiology. Using data from previous match cycles and from the radiology community, we provide recommendations on how to demonstrate commitment to radiology through creating interest groups, leading changes in their academic curriculums, becoming involved in local and national organizations, performing research, networking with fellow radiology colleagues, and seeking mentorship. In conclusion, this paper provides recommendations for medical students to enhance their competitiveness and increase the chances of matching into a competitive field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besher Assi
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St. Rt. 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, United States.
| | - Hannah Girgis
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St. Rt. 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, United States
| | - Antoni Tiliakos
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St. Rt. 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, United States
| | - Rayan Aryana
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1858 W Grandview, Blvd, Erie, PA 16509, United States
| | - Sahil Patel
- Summa Health Akron, 141 N Forge St, Akron, OH 44304, United States
| | - Arun Murugesan
- UH Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
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Yeo MM, Lim SH, Kumar A, Thompson AW. Evaluation of the promotion criteria in an academic medical centre in Singapore. BMJ LEADER 2023:leader-2023-000881. [PMID: 37890988 DOI: 10.1136/leader-2023-000881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Academic medical centres (AMCs) have the tripartite mission of performing research to advance healthcare delivery, educating future clinicians and providing healthcare services. This study investigates the criteria associated with being promoted in a Singaporean AMC. METHODS Using a dataset of 255 candidates for promotion at the studied AMC, we employ logistic regression to determine if these factors are associated with the likelihood of promotion. Further, we use interaction effects to test if the relationship between the H-index and likelihood of promotion differs across the academic levels of the candidates. RESULTS The logistic regression results based on the best of our three tested models suggest that the H-index is positively associated with promotion for those applying to become clinical associate professors (OR=1.43, p=0.01). Moreover, candidates who provide well-developed education portfolios (OR=3.61, p=0.02) and who have held service/leadership roles (OR=6.72, p<0.001) are more likely to be promoted. CONCLUSIONS This study affirms the correlation between promotion and the advancement criteria outlined by the AMC. This is important for transparency and trust between the AMC and its faculty in their applications for promotion and success in an academic career. Further, our study is one of the few empirical studies linking promotion criteria to promotion outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- May May Yeo
- Office of Academic Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Shih-Hui Lim
- Office of Academic Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Anshul Kumar
- Health Professions Education Department, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne W Thompson
- Health Professions Education Department, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Opening the black box for Canadian cardiac surgery residency applicants. CJC Open 2022; 4:979-988. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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8
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Huang Z, Zong Q, Xie Y. The individual characteristics, organizational characteristics and research productivity of early career LIS researchers in China’s mainland: A crisp set qualitative comparative analysis (csQCA). JOURNAL OF LIBRARIANSHIP AND INFORMATION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09610006221097406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There existed discrimination, including gender discrimination, first degree discrimination, etc., when assessing the future research productivity of PhD graduates in recruitment in China’s mainland. Were PhD students who did not possess certain conditions (e.g. first degree receiving from a non-key university) unable to achieve high research productivity after graduation? Previous studies focused on the “net effects” of individual and organizational characteristics on research productivity by using quantitative methods (e.g. regression analysis). However, researchers’ research productivity might be due to the interactions of multiple factors rather than a single factor. This study aimed to analyze the effects of the combined conditions (interactions) of individual and organizational characteristics on the research productivity of early career library and information science (LIS) researchers under the context of employment discrimination in the academic job market of China’s mainland. Early career LIS researchers who graduated from China’s mainland universities/institutions between 2011 and 2015 were selected as the sample ( n = 62). csQCA was employed to analyze the data. The results revealed that the effects of a single condition did not directly contribute to the occurrence of high research productivity. There were two combinations of conditions that could contribute to the high research productivity of early career LIS researchers. The first combination that contributed to the high research productivity of an early career LIS researcher was receiving his or her bachelor’s degree from a key university, publishing higher than the median number of articles indexed by Web of Science core collections (WOS) during their PhD and working in a key university after PhD graduation. The second combination was being male, publishing more than the median number of articles indexed by the WOS and the local core journals index during their PhD, and working at a key university after PhD graduation.
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9
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Khalafallah AM, Jimenez AE, Mukherjee D. Predictors of Academic Career Trajectory Among Fellowship-Trained Neurosurgical Oncologists. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2022; 37:430-438. [PMID: 32683630 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-020-01833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Much research has been conducted to investigate predictors of an academic career trajectory among neurosurgeons in general. This study seeks to examine a cohort of fellowship-trained neurosurgical oncologists to determine which factors are associated with a career in academia. Publicly available data on fellowship-trained neurosurgical oncologists was aggregated from ACGME-accredited residency websites, from program websites listed on the AANS Neurosurgical Fellowship Training Program Directory, and from professional websites including Doximity. Bivariate analyses were conducted to determine covariates for a logistic regression model, and a multivariate analysis was conducted to determine which variables were independently associated with an academic career trajectory. A total of 87 neurosurgical oncologists were identified (1991-2018). A total of 73 (83.9%) had > 1 year of protected research time in residency, 33 (37.9%) had an h-index of ≥2 prior to residency, and 63 (72.4%) had an h-index of ≥2 during residency. In multivariate analysis, the only factor independently associated with academic career trajectory among neurosurgical oncologists was achieving an h-index of ≥2 during residency (odds ratio [OR] = 2.93, p = .041). Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center graduated the most neurosurgical oncologists in our cohort (n = 23). Our study establishes a novel factor that is predictive of academic career trajectory among fellowship-trained neurosurgical oncologists, specifically having an h-index of ≥2 during residency. Our results may be useful for those mentoring students and trainees with an interest in pursuing academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adham M Khalafallah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Adrian E Jimenez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Debraj Mukherjee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Parker SM, Vona-Davis LC, Mattes MD. Factors Predictive of Publication Among Medical Students Participating in School-Sponsored Research Programs. Cureus 2021; 13:e18176. [PMID: 34703701 PMCID: PMC8530554 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Publishing research is an important component of medical students’ career development and becoming a more competitive residency applicant. Many medical schools offer structured programs to enable students to participate in research during their preclinical and clinical years, but the majority of student-mentor partnerships do not culminate in publication across a variety of institutions and medical specialties. The primary objective of this study is to determine if any factors associated with mentee-mentor partnerships are predictive of publication from two school-sponsored research programs at a single US medical school. Methods: The PubMed-indexed publications of all student-mentor pairings from a summer internship (after year 1 of medical school) or research elective (during year 4 of medical school) at a single institution from 2008 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Student/mentor demographic information was associated with the probability of publication. Results: A total of 124 students participated in the summer internship with 32 (26%) achieving publication. The publication was significantly more likely for students that were from highly ranked undergraduate institutions (p = 0.04; likelihood ratio (LR) = 5.788), were future Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) members (p = 0.03; LR = 4.597), or worked with a mentor focused on clinical rather than basic science research (p = 0.02; LR = 5.662). Forty-four students participated in the fourth-year elective with 11 (25%) achieving publication. The publication was more likely if the student worked with a mentor without a Doctor of Medicine (MD)/Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree (p = 0.001; LR = 7.051), with a PhD degree (p = 0.002; LR = 7.820), or a mentor with prior publication(s) with prior mentee(s) (p = 0.03; LR = 5.368). Conclusion: Only one-quarter of mentor-mentee research pairings resulted in publication, with student-related factors more predictive for publication from the internship and mentor-related factors more predictive of publication from the elective. Approaches to promote successful completion of medical student research projects should be considered to yield the greatest value from students’ work and strengthen the development of future physician-scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Parker
- Department of Medical Education, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Linda C Vona-Davis
- Office of Research and Graduate Education, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Malcolm D Mattes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
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Lin JC, Lokhande A, Scott IU, Greenberg PB. Predictors of future research productivity among ophthalmology residents. Semin Ophthalmol 2021; 37:345-350. [PMID: 34410880 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2021.1966060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the characteristics of first-year ophthalmology residents associated with high research productivity in twelve years. METHODS All first-year ophthalmology residents in the United States (US) in 2009 listed by institutional websites were identified. Publications were obtained from Scopus and Google Scholar, h-indices were calculated, and medical school characteristics such as research productivity, region, rank, and average USMLE Steps 1 and 2 scores were obtained from National Institutes of Health, US Census Bureau, and US News. RESULTS Data were obtained on 70% (316/453) of residents; most were male, had Doctor of Medicine (MD) degrees, and graduated from medical schools in the US or Canada. Having an additional graduate degree [OR: 3.05, 95% CI: 1.07-8.67], between 1 and 3 publications [OR: 4.16, 95% CI: 2.22-7.79], or 4 or more publications [OR: 14.27, 95% CI: 3.13-64.94] were associated with higher future research productivity. CONCLUSION Graduate degrees and publication count were key predictors of future research productivity among ophthalmology residents in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Lin
- Program in Liberal Medical Education, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Section of Ophthalmology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Anagha Lokhande
- Section of Ophthalmology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Division of Ophthalmology, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ingrid U Scott
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Paul B Greenberg
- Section of Ophthalmology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Division of Ophthalmology, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Office of Academic Affiliations, Veterans Health Administration, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Tseng JR, Kang YS, Youm J, Pandit R. Radiology resident selection factors predict resident performance. Clin Imaging 2021; 80:225-228. [PMID: 34352495 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine selection factors that predict radiology resident performance. METHODS 59 consecutive radiology residents from 2002 to 2015 were ranked on performance during residency. Correlations and multiple regression analyses were performed to predict resident performance from the following selection factors: United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step 1 score, medical school rank, Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) membership, honors in clinical rotations, Medical Student Performance Evaluation (MSPE), and interview score. Results were compared against predictions from Match rank position. RESULTS Five selection factors showed significant or marginally significant correlations with resident performance (r = 0.2 to 0.3). The interview score was not significantly correlated. A multiple regression model comprised of the USMLE Step 1 score, medical school rank, AOA membership, and interview score predicted resident performance, with an adjusted R2 of 0.19. The interview score was included in the model but did not achieve statistical significance. Match rank did not predict resident performance, with an R2 of 0.01. CONCLUSIONS A multiple regression model comprised of the USMLE Step 1 score, medical school rank, and AOA membership predicted radiology resident performance and may assist with resident selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Tseng
- Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 751 South Bascom Avenue, San Jose, CA 95128, United States of America.
| | - Young S Kang
- Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 751 South Bascom Avenue, San Jose, CA 95128, United States of America
| | - Jiwon Youm
- Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 751 South Bascom Avenue, San Jose, CA 95128, United States of America
| | - Rajul Pandit
- Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 751 South Bascom Avenue, San Jose, CA 95128, United States of America
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13
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Khalafallah AM, Jimenez AE, Shlobin NA, Larkin CJ, Mukherjee D, Zygourakis CC, Lo SF, Sciubba DM, Bydon A, Witham TF, Dahdaleh NS, Theodore N. Predictors of an academic career among fellowship-trained spinal neurosurgeons. J Neurosurg Spine 2021; 35:251-258. [PMID: 34116505 DOI: 10.3171/2020.12.spine201771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although fellowship training is becoming increasingly common in neurosurgery, it is unclear which factors predict an academic career trajectory among spinal neurosurgeons. In this study, the authors sought to identify predictors associated with academic career placement among fellowship-trained neurological spinal surgeons. METHODS Demographic data and bibliometric information on neurosurgeons who completed a residency program accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education between 1983 and 2019 were gathered, and those who completed a spine fellowship were identified. Employment was denoted as academic if the hospital where a neurosurgeon worked was affiliated with a neurosurgical residency program; all other positions were denoted as nonacademic. A logistic regression model was used for multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 376 fellowship-trained spinal neurosurgeons were identified, of whom 140 (37.2%) held academic positions. The top 5 programs that graduated the most fellows in the cohort were Cleveland Clinic, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, University of Miami, Barrow Neurological Institute, and Northwestern University. On multivariate analysis, increased protected research time during residency (OR 1.03, p = 0.044), a higher h-index during residency (OR 1.12, p < 0.001), completing more than one clinical fellowship (OR 2.16, p = 0.024), and attending any of the top 5 programs that graduated the most fellows (OR 2.01, p = 0.0069) were independently associated with an academic career trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Increased protected research time during residency, a higher h-index during residency, completing more than one clinical fellowship, and attending one of the 5 programs graduating the most fellowship-trained neurosurgical spinal surgeons independently predicted an academic career. These results may be useful in identifying and advising trainees interested in academic spine neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adham M Khalafallah
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adrian E Jimenez
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nathan A Shlobin
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Collin J Larkin
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Debraj Mukherjee
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Sheng-Fu Lo
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel M Sciubba
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ali Bydon
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Timothy F Witham
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nader S Dahdaleh
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Nicholas Theodore
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Khalafallah AM, Jimenez AE, Camp S, Horowitz MA, Chiu I, Ryu D, Charewycz N, Vera L, Bhoopalam M, Feghali J, Sharma M, Lubelski D, Cohen AR, Tamargo RJ, Witham T, Huang J, Brem H, Mukherjee D. Predictors of Academic Neurosurgical Career Trajectory among International Medical Graduates Training Within the United States. Neurosurgery 2021; 89:478-485. [PMID: 34114014 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyab194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within the literature, there has been limited research tracking the career trajectories of international medical graduates (IMGs) following residency training. OBJECTIVE To compare the characteristics of IMG and US medical school graduate (USMG) neurosurgeons holding academic positions in the United States and also analyze factors that influence IMG career trajectories following US-based residency training. METHODS We collected data on 243 IMGs and 2506 USMGs who graduated from Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited neurosurgery residency programs. We assessed for significant differences between cohorts, and a logistic regression model was used for the outcome of academic career trajectory. RESULTS Among the 2749 neurosurgeons in our study, IMGs were more likely to pursue academic neurosurgery careers relative to USMGs (59.7% vs 51.1%; P = .011) and were also more likely to complete a research fellowship before beginning residency (odds ratio [OR] = 9.19; P < .0001). Among current US academic neurosurgeons, USMGs had significantly higher pre-residency h-indices relative to IMGs (1.23 vs 1.01; P < .0001) with no significant differences between cohorts when comparing h-indices during (USMG = 5.02, IMG = 4.80; P = .67) or after (USMG = 14.05, IMG = 13.90; P = .72) residency. Completion of a post-residency clinical fellowship was the only factor independently associated with an academic career trajectory among IMGs (OR = 1.73, P = .046). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that while IMGs begin their US residency training with different research backgrounds and achievements relative to USMG counterparts, they attain similar levels of academic productivity following residency. Furthermore, IMGs are more likely to pursue academic careers relative to USMGs. Our work may be useful for better understanding IMG career trajectories following US-based neurosurgery residency training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adham M Khalafallah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrian E Jimenez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samantha Camp
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Melanie A Horowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian Chiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Natasha Charewycz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauren Vera
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Myan Bhoopalam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James Feghali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mayur Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Daniel Lubelski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan R Cohen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rafael J Tamargo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy Witham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Judy Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Debraj Mukherjee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Yakar D, Kwee TC. Research Output by Medical Doctors After PhD Graduation in Radiology: 17-Year Experience From the Netherlands. Acad Radiol 2021; 28:827-833. [PMID: 32404271 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency and predictors of lack of research output by medical doctors after PhD graduation in radiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included all 272 PhD theses by medical doctors in the Netherlands between 2000 and 2016, with radiology as the field of research of the primary doctoral supervisor. Post-PhD research output was considered lacking if no original research, systematic review, or meta-analysis was published as first, second, or last author in the post-PhD period. RESULTS The percentage of PhD graduates without research output was 41.9% (78/186) at 5 years, 28.6% (24/84) at 10 years, and 16.1% (5/31) at 15 years in the post-PhD period. On univariate Cox regression analysis, only female gender emerged as a significant predictor of a lack of research output in the post-PhD period (odds ratio: 1.456, 95% confidence interval: 1.023-2.073, p = 0.038). PhD student's age, being a radiologist or not before PhD graduation, the radiologic subspecialty topic of the PhD thesis, the H-index of the primary doctoral supervisor, the institution at which the PhD was performed, and the number of publications in the PhD period, were not significantly associated with lack of post-PhD research output. CONCLUSION A considerable proportion of medical doctors has no active research output after obtaining a PhD degree in radiology, and this should be taken into account when relying on PhD programs to replenish the physician-scientist workforce. Females appear to be more prone to lack active research output, and this should be addressed by the scientific community and society.
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Johnson AL, Corcoran A, Ferrell M, Johnson BS, Mann SE, Villwock JA, Ferrell S, Vassar M. Scholarly Research Productivity among Otolaryngology Residency Graduates and its Relationship to Future Academic Achievement. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2021; 130:1276-1284. [PMID: 33759593 DOI: 10.1177/00034894211004368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Scholastic activity through research involvement is a fundamental aspect of a physician's training and may have a significant influence on future academic success. Here, we explore publication rates before, during, and after otolaryngology residency training and whether publication efforts correlate with future academic achievement. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis included a random sample of 50 otolaryngology residency programs. From these programs, we assembled a list of residents graduating from the years in 2013, 2014, and 2015. Using SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar, we compiled the publications for each graduate, and data were extracted in an independent, double-blinded fashion. RESULTS We included 32 otolaryngology residency programs representing 249 residents in this analysis. Graduates published a mean of 1.3 (SD = 2.7) articles before residency, 3.5 (SD = 4.3) during residency, and 5.3 (SD = 9.3) after residency. Residents who pursued a fellowship had more total publications (t247 = -6.1, P < .001) and more first author publications (t247 = -5.4, P < .001) than residents without fellowship training. Graduates who chose a career in academic medicine had a higher number of mean total publications (t247 = -8.2, P < .001) and first author publications (t247 = -7.9, P < .001) than those who were not in academic medicine. There was a high positive correlation between residency program size and publications during residency (r = 0.76). CONCLUSION Research productivity correlated with a number of characteristics such as future fellowship training, the pursuit of an academic career, and overall h-index in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin L Johnson
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Adam Corcoran
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Matthew Ferrell
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Bradley S Johnson
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Scott E Mann
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer A Villwock
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sydney Ferrell
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Matt Vassar
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
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17
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Khalafallah AM, Jimenez AE, Horowitz MA, Camp S, Witham TF, Huang J, Mukherjee D. An Online Calculator for Predicting Academic Career Trajectory in Neurosurgery in the United States. World Neurosurg 2020; 145:e155-e162. [PMID: 33031965 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determining factors that predict a career in academic neurosurgery can help to improve neurosurgical training and faculty mentoring efforts. Although many academic career predictors have been established in the literature, no method has yet been developed to allow for individualized predictions of an academic career trajectory. The objective of the present study was to develop a Web-based calculator for predicting the probability of a career in academic neurosurgery. METHODS The present study used data from neurosurgeons listed in the American Association of Neurological Surgeons database. A logistic regression model was used to predict probability of an academic career, and bootstrapping with 2000 samples was used to calculate an optimism-corrected C-statistic. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 1818 neurosurgeons were included in our analysis. Most surgeons were male (89.7%) and employed in nonacademic positions (60.2%). Factors independently associated with an academic career were female sex, attending a residency program affiliated with a top 10 U.S. News medical school, attaining a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree, attaining a Master of Science (MS) degree, higher h-index during residency, more months of protected research time during residency, and completing a clinical fellowship. Our final model had an optimism-corrected C-statistic of 0.74. This model was incorporated into a Web-based calculator (https://neurooncsurgery.shinyapps.io/academic_calculator/). CONCLUSIONS The present study consolidates previous research investigating neurosurgery career predictors into a simple, open-access tool. Our work may serve to better clarify the many factors influencing trainees' likelihood of pursuing a career in academic neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adham M Khalafallah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrian E Jimenez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Melanie A Horowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samantha Camp
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy F Witham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Judy Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Debraj Mukherjee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Khalafallah AM, Jimenez AE, Daniels M, Bydon A, Cohen AR, Tamargo RJ, Witham T, Huang J, Brem H, Mukherjee D. Educational Program Rankings Are Independently Associated With Residents' Academic Career Trajectory in Neurological Surgery. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2020; 77:1312-1320. [PMID: 32245716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many studies have sought to determine predictors of academic career placement in surgical subspecialities. However, previous research has yet to establish whether the ranking of a surgeon's undergraduate institution or medical school is significantly associated with pursuit of an academic career. The purpose of this study was to investigate these novel factors' predictive impact on an academic career in the surgical subspeciality of neurosurgery. Factors investigated included undergraduate university rankings, medical school rankings, and residency program rankings. DESIGN Data were retrospectively collected for 884 alumni of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education neurological surgery residency programs. Bivariate analyses were conducted to determine covariates for a logistic regression model, and multivariate analysis was performed with 13 covariates to determine which factors were independently associated with academic career trajectory. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, factors that were independently associated with an academic career in neurological surgery included having 1 year or more of protected research time during residency (odds ratio [OR] =1.96, p = 0.020), attending a "top" undergraduate university (OR =1.88, p = 0.00033), attending a "top" research medical school (OR = 1.53, p = 0.031) attending a residency program affiliated with a "top" research medical school (OR = 1.78, p = 0.012), possessing a Master of Science (OR = 3.46, p = 0.00097), or Doctor of Philosophy (OR = 2.05, p = 0.0019) degree, and completing a clinical fellowship (OR = 2.56, p = 1.90 × 10-8). CONCLUSIONS Our study establishes 3 novel factors for predicting residents' choice of pursuing an academic career in neurological surgery, namely undergraduate university rank, medical school rank, and completing residency at a program affiliated with a "top" research medical school. Such findings reinforce the notion that educational and training environments are key in shaping the career trajectory of future academic surgical subspecialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adham M Khalafallah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Adrian E Jimenez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marcus Daniels
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ali Bydon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alan R Cohen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rafael J Tamargo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Timothy Witham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Judy Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Debraj Mukherjee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Hallan DR, Mikhail D, Lu K, Henry A, Chiang K, Patterson M, Sakya SM. Residency Specialty and National Resident Matching Program Outcomes as Predictors of Academic vs Non-Academic Position as an Attending Physician. Cureus 2020; 12:e9548. [PMID: 32905498 PMCID: PMC7470656 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Previous studies have shown that research can be used as a predictive factor for an academic career for physicians in the fields of radiation oncology, orthopedic surgery, and diagnostic radiology. We seek to determine if this factor is predictive for all medical specialties based on an analysis of public data on physicians who have trained at Hershey Medical Center (HMC) and public National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) charting outcomes. Methods: We determined the location and job title of all graduates of HMC residency training programs through a combination of publicly available information on HMC's website and other institutions' websites. We separated these into academic and non-academic positions and performed Chi-square analysis to determine if the number of research experiences was predictive of an academic career. Results: Participating in the residency specialties of general surgery, pathology, internal medicine, and neurological surgery are statistically significant predictors of an academic career upon graduation. The average number of research experiences obtained by matched U.S. medical students is not a statistically significant predictor of an academic career upon graduation. Conclusion: In contrast to previously published studies, a higher number of research experiences in medical school is not a significant predictor of an academic career for attending physicians who graduated residency at HMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Hallan
- Neurosurgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | | | - Kimberly Lu
- Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - April Henry
- Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - Kevin Chiang
- Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | | | - Surav M Sakya
- Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
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20
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Khalafallah AM, Jimenez AE, Caplan JM, McDougall CG, Huang J, Mukherjee D, Tamargo RJ. Predictors of an academic career among fellowship-trained open vascular and endovascular neurosurgeons. J Neurosurg 2020; 134:1173-1181. [PMID: 32302986 DOI: 10.3171/2020.2.jns2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although previous studies have explored factors that predict an academic career among neurosurgery residents in general, such predictors have yet to be determined within specific neurosurgical subspecialties. The authors report on predictors they identified as correlating with academic placement among fellowship-trained vascular neurosurgeons. METHODS A database was created that included all physicians who graduated from ACGME (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education)-accredited neurosurgery residency programs between 1960 and 2018 using publicly available online data. Neurosurgeons who completed either open vascular or endovascular fellowships were identified. Subsequent employment of vascular or endovascular neurosurgeons in academic centers was determined. A position was considered academic if the hospital of employment was affiliated with a neurosurgery residency program; all other positions were considered non-academic. Bivariate analyses were conducted using Fisher's exact test or the Mann-Whitney U-test, and multivariate analysis was performed using a logistic regression model. RESULTS A total of 83 open vascular neurosurgeons and 115 endovascular neurosurgeons were identified. In both cohorts, the majority of neurosurgeons were employed in academic positions after training. In bivariate analysis, only 2 factors were significantly associated with a career in academic neurosurgery for open vascular neurosurgeons: 1) an h-index of ≥ 2 during residency (OR 3.71, p = 0.016), and 2) attending a top 10 residency program based on U.S. News and World Report rankings (OR 4.35, p = 0.030). In bivariate analysis, among endovascular neurosurgeons, having an h-index of ≥ 2 during residency (OR 4.35, p = 0.0085) and attending a residency program affiliated with a top 10 U.S. News and World Report medical school (OR 2.97, p = 0.029) were significantly associated with an academic career. In multivariate analysis, for both open vascular and endovascular neurosurgeons, an h-index of ≥ 2 during residency was independently predictive of an academic career. Attending a residency program affiliated with a top 10 U.S. News and World Report medical school independently predicted an academic career among endovascular neurosurgeons only. CONCLUSIONS The authors report that an h-index of ≥ 2 during residency predicts pursuit of an academic career among vascular and endovascular neurosurgeons. Additionally, attendance of a residency program affiliated with a top research medical school independently predicts an academic career trajectory among endovascular neurosurgeons. This result may be useful to identify and mentor residents interested in academic vascular neurosurgery.
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Grimm LJ, Redmond RA, Campbell JC, Rosette AS. Gender and Racial Bias in Radiology Residency Letters of Recommendation. J Am Coll Radiol 2020; 17:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Maxfield CM, Thorpe MP, Desser TS, Heitkamp DE, Hull NC, Johnson KS, Koontz NA, Mlady GW, Welch TJ, Grimm LJ. Bias in Radiology Resident Selection: Do We Discriminate Against the Obese and Unattractive? ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2019; 94:1774-1780. [PMID: 31149924 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000002813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate for appearance-based discrimination in the selection of radiology residents. METHOD A deception study simulating the resident selection process examined the impact of attractiveness and obesity on resident selection. Seventy-four core faculty from 5 academic radiology departments reviewed mock residency applications in September and October 2017. Each application included demographic information and a photograph, representing a prespecified distribution of facial attractiveness and obesity, combined with randomized academic and supporting variables. Reviewers independently scored applications for interview desirability. Reviewer scores and application variables were compared using linear mixed fixed- and random-effects models. RESULTS Reviewers evaluated 5,447 applications (mean: 74 applications per reviewer). United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 scores were the strongest predictor of reviewer rating (B = 0.35 [standard error (SE) = 0.029]). Applicant facial attractiveness strongly predicted rating (attractive vs unattractive, B = 0.30 [SE = 0.056]; neutral vs unattractive, B = 0.13 [SE = 0.028]). Less influential but still significant predictors included race/ethnicity (B = 0.25 [SE = 0.059]), preclinical class rank (B = 0.25 [SE = 0.040]), clinical clerkship grades (B = 0.23 [SE = 0.034]), Alpha Omega Alpha membership (B = 0.21 [SE = 0.032]), and obesity (vs not obese) (B = -0.14 [SE = 0.024]). CONCLUSIONS Findings provide preliminary evidence of discrimination against facially unattractive and obese applicants in radiology resident selection. Obesity and attractiveness were as influential in applicant selection for interview as traditional medical school performance metrics. Selection committees should invoke strategies to detect and manage appearance-based bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M Maxfield
- C.M. Maxfield is vice chair of education, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. M.P. Thorpe is a radiology resident, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. T.S. Desser is professor, Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California. D.E. Heitkamp is staff radiologist and associate residency program director, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida. N.C. Hull is assistant professor, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. K.S. Johnson is residency program director, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. N.A. Koontz is director of fellowship programs, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. G.W. Mlady is chair, Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico. T.J. Welch is associate chair of education, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. L.J. Grimm is assistant professor, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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23
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Singhapricha T, Minkhorst O, Moran T, Swanson J, Shayne P. Predictors of an Initial Academic Position in Emergency Medicine. West J Emerg Med 2019; 20:127-131. [PMID: 30643615 PMCID: PMC6324707 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2018.10.39096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Each year, emergency medicine (EM) residency graduates enter a variety of community and academic positions. For some training programs, the potential for an academic career is a consideration during the interview process; however, no studies have looked at factors that might predict an academic career. Our goal was to identify variables present during the EM application cycle that predict an initial academic position. Methods We retrospectively reviewed application materials from 211 EM graduates at Emory University from 2003–2013. We analyzed biographical variables, board scores, personal statements, and both undergraduate and medical school research experience and publications. An academic position was defined as working at a site with residents rotating in the emergency department, full or part-time appointment at a medical school, or a position with research required for promotion. We used a logistic regression model to determine the impact of these predictors on obtaining an initial academic position. Results A total of 79 (37%) graduates initially chose an academic job, and 132 (63%) took a community position. We identified the following statistically significant variables: younger age (odds ratio [OR] [0.79], 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.67–0.93], p=0.01); undergraduate publications (OR [1.41], 95% CI [1.08–1.83], p=0.01); and medical school publications (OR [3.39], 95% CI [1.66–6.94], p<0.001). Of note, mention of an academic career in the personal statement showed no statistical correlation (p = 0.41). Conclusion Younger age, and undergraduate and medical school publications were the variables most associated with an initial academic position. As this is a single-institution study, more studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Singhapricha
- Emory University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Ultrasound, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Olivia Minkhorst
- Emory University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Timothy Moran
- Emory University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jonathan Swanson
- Emory University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Philip Shayne
- Emory University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Campbell JC, Yoon SC, Grimm LJ. Collaboration Metrics Among Female and Male Researchers: A 5-Year Review of Publications in Major Radiology Journals. Acad Radiol 2018; 25:951-954. [PMID: 29887278 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2017.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Women are under-represented in radiology, but the implications of this under-representation are poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if articles published by women in major radiology journals were more collaborative. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following an institutional review board exemption, we reviewed all original research articles in Radiology, in the American Journal of Roentgenology, and in Academic Radiology from 2011 to 2015. For each article, the gender of the first and the last authors and proxy measures of collaboration were recorded, including the total number of authors, female authors, departments, and institutions. Nominal logistic regression analysis was used to test for associations while controlling for confounders. RESULTS There were 1934 articles analyzed. Female first and last authors represented 30.2% (585 of 1934) and 24.4% (473 of 1934) of the articles, respectively. A female first author was associated with more female last authors (36% vs 20%, P < .001), total female authors (2.9 vs 1.2, P < .001), and departments (3.3 vs 3.0, P < .001). Similarly, a female last author was associated with more female first authors (44% vs 26%, P = .001), total female authors (3.1 vs 1.2, P < .001), departments (3.5 vs 3.0 P < .001), and institutions (2.3 vs 1.9, P = .006). Each additional female author increased the mean number of institutions by 0.33 and departments by 0.46 on linear regression. First- or last-author gender was not associated with total authors (P = .17). CONCLUSIONS Original research articles published with a female first or last author were associated with more departments and institutions, but not with the total number of authors, suggesting that women engage in some metrics of more collaborative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Campbell
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Sora C Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Lars J Grimm
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710.
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Diagnostic Radiology Resident Recruitment Part I: Advice to Programs (and Program Directors) From Vice Chairs for Education. Acad Radiol 2018; 25:767-773. [PMID: 29545024 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, there is little available organized advice for diagnostic radiology residency program directors and their programs regarding resident recruitment. We are a group of current and former program directors who are current vice chairs for education and continue to advise and to mentor many educators. We have constructed this article along the yearly schedule of trainee recruitment, including an application review, interviews, and troublesome trends that we have observed.
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Cogswell PM, Deitte LA, Donnelly EF, Morgan VL, Omary RA. Attitudes of Radiology Program Directors Toward MD-PhD Trainees, Resident Research Productivity, and Dedicated Research Time. Acad Radiol 2018. [PMID: 29530487 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The percentage of clinical scientists in radiology has historically been low. Increasing the pipeline of trainees interested in research could occur by recruiting MD-PhD trainees and providing protected research time during residency. The purpose of this work is to assess the attitudes of radiology program directors toward MD-PhD trainees, resident research productivity, and dedicated research time. METHODS An online survey was sent to residency program directors of all diagnostic radiology departments that received National Institutes of Health (NIH) awards in 2014 (n = 63). Survey questions included program size; perception of overall performance, clinical performance, and research productivity of MD-PhD residents compared to non-PhD residents; and presence of dedicated research time. Responses comparing MD-PhD residents to non-PhD residents were reported as a five-point Likert scale. Student t test was used to assess for significance (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS Response rate was 37%. Clinical performance of MD-PhD residents was judged inferior (P < .05) to non-PhD residents, although that of all residents engaged in research trended toward superiority compared to those not involved in research. Dedicated research time is offered by 61% of programs in years R1-R3 and all programs in year R4. Research productivity during residency was judged to be similar (P = .5) between MD-PhD and non-PhD residents. CONCLUSIONS Survey results suggest that clinical performance during residency and research involvement is often individually based and difficult to generalize based on prior PhD training. All programs offered dedicated research time, and the vast majority of residents were reported to engage in research during residency, which may increase the pipeline of trainees interested in an academic career.
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Pfeifer CM, Heitkamp DE. Point: Losing the Zero-Sum Game: It's Time to Eliminate Required Research in Radiology Residency. J Am Coll Radiol 2018; 15:658-660. [PMID: 29622174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2017.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cory M Pfeifer
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Darel E Heitkamp
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Kohlert S, Zuccaro L, McLean L, Macdonald K. Does medical school research productivity predict a resident's research productivity during residency? J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 46:34. [PMID: 28449724 PMCID: PMC5408466 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-017-0202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research productivity is an important component of the CanMEDS Scholar role and is an accreditation requirement of Canadian Otolaryngology training programs. Our objective was to determine if an association exists between publication rates before and during Otolaryngology residency. METHODS We obtained the names for all certified Canadian Otolaryngologists who graduated between 1998 and 2013 inclusive, and conducted a Medline search for all of their publications. Otolaryngologists were subgrouped based on year of residency graduation and the number of articles published pre-residency and during residency (0 or ≥1). Chi-squared analyses were used to evaluate whether publications pre-residency and year of graduation were associated with publications during residency. RESULTS We obtained data for 312 Canadian Otolaryngologists. Of those 312 graduates, 46 (14.7%) had no identifiable publications on PubMed and were excluded from the final data analysis. Otolaryngology residents had a mean 0.65 (95% CI 0.50-0.80) publications before residency and 3.35 (95% CI 2.90-3.80) publications during residency. Between 1998 and 2013, mean publication rates before and during residency both increased significantly (R 2 = 0.594 and R 2 = 0.759, respectively), whereas publication rates after residency graduation has stagnated (R 2 = 0.023). The odds of publishing during residency was 5.85 times higher (95% CI 2.69-12.71) if a resident published prior to residency (p < 0.0001). The Spearman correlation coefficient between publications before and during residency is 0.472 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Residents who publish at least one paper before residency are nearly six times as likely to publish during residency than those who did not publish before residency. These findings may help guide Otolaryngology program selection committees in ranking the best CaRMS candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Kohlert
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ottawa Hospital, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada. .,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Laurie McLean
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ottawa Hospital, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kristian Macdonald
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ottawa Hospital, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Zupetic I, Yousem IJ, Liu L, Aygun N, Yousem DM. Factors Determining Scientific Paper Productivity by Neuroradiology Fellows. Acad Radiol 2017; 24:359-364. [PMID: 28041776 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES We sought to determine (1) whether United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores predict academic productivity in neuroradiology fellows as measured by publications and citations, and (2) what factors predict such productivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the USMLE scores, gender, medical school location attended, publication record before and during fellowship, fellowship evaluation ratings and subsequent practice site (private vs academic) of neuroradiology fellows from 2004 to 2014 to determine relationships with publications and citations after fellowship. Spearman's correlation and Poisson regression analyses were performed to assess the association between these factors and quantity of publications and citations per year after fellowship. RESULTS USMLE scores and fellowship evaluation scores correlated inversely with radiology publications and citations. There were strong correlations between publication records before or during fellowship and after fellowship. Fellows from international medical schools, with PhD degrees, and those fellows proceeding to academic practice had more publications before or during and after neuroradiology fellowship. CONCLUSIONS The best predictors of whether a graduating neuroradiology fellow will publish and have high citation rates is prior publication record, a PhD degree, and staying in academics. USMLE scores and evaluations during the fellowship were inversely correlated with publication measures of academic productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Zupetic
- Division of Neuroradiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Ilyssa J Yousem
- Division of Neuroradiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Li Liu
- Division of Neuroradiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Nafi Aygun
- Division of Neuroradiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - David M Yousem
- Division of Neuroradiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287.
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Daniels M, Garzon-Muvdi T, Maxwell R, Tamargo RJ, Huang J, Witham T, Bettegowda C, Chaichana KL. Preresidency Publication Number Does Not Predict Academic Career Placement in Neurosurgery. World Neurosurg 2017; 101:350-356. [PMID: 28214638 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear if preresidency and/or residency research work impacts academic neurosurgery placement post residency. The goal of this study is to evaluate the impact that preresidency and residency research publication has on attaining academic faculty positions. METHODS Alumni information was collected from 65 of the 108 (60%) neurosurgery residency websites. Graduates from these programs between 2005 and 2015 (n = 949) were analyzed to determine factors associated with an academic career. Information on publications, citations, and H-index were obtained from Web of Science. Current position was designated as academic if the physician had a teaching position at a university hospital and private if the physician was not affiliated with a university hospital. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with academic faculty positions post residency. RESULTS Of the 949 physicians included in the analysis, 339 (36%) were in academic positions, 518 (55%) in private practice, and 92 (10%) were still in training. More than a fifth (212, or 22%) of physicians performed a research fellowship (8.2%) or attained a Ph.D. (14.1%) during medical school. Among those who had completed training, an academic career was associated with having 2 or more publications during residency (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval, CI]: 3.87 [1.59-9.45]; P < 0.003), H-index ≥ 2 during residency (OR [95% CI]: 2.32 [1.40-1.69]; P < 0.0001) and having devoted research time before residency (OR [95% CI]: 1.56 [1.10-2.22]; P < 0.012). Notably, publications before residency were not an independent indicator of academic placement. CONCLUSIONS These findings may help guide residency programs to identify and/or cultivate neurosurgeons to become academic neurosurgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Daniels
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tomas Garzon-Muvdi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell Maxwell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rafael J Tamargo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Judy Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tim Witham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kaisorn L Chaichana
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Ohori NP, Radkay LA, Macpherson TA, Yousem SA, Schoedel KE. Changes in Resident Graduate Characteristics in a Large Pathology Training Program, 1994 to 2013. Acad Pathol 2016; 3:2374289516643543. [PMID: 28725765 PMCID: PMC5497857 DOI: 10.1177/2374289516643543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of pathology has changed dramatically over the recent decades and has become more complex with emphasis toward subspecialization. These changes potentially influence resident training as programs and trainees search for cutting-edge skills in the evolving field. Over the last 20 years, our institution’s residency education was modified profoundly to emphasize subspecialty practice. Furthermore, efforts were made to search for and recruit candidates who desired such training. In this study, we examined a 20-year time period to determine how these changes may have influenced the characteristics of our resident graduates. For each trainee who graduated from our pathology residency program (1994-2013), the following parameters were evaluated: highest academic degree, gender, graduating medical school, type of training, number of publications during residency, enrollment in fellowships, and type of career position. The data collected were divided into 4 time periods. Fisher exact test and 2-tailed t test were used for statistical analyses comparing the first half (1994-2003) to the latter half (2004-2013) of the study. In the second half, there were more graduates who pursued single track pathology training—anatomic pathology or clinical pathology versus combined anatomic/clinical pathology training (P = .035), more first author and total publications per graduate during residency (P < .001), more graduates who enrolled in fellowships (P < .001), and a greater tendency toward an academic career position than all other types combined (P = .034). In parallel to the subspecialization trends in our department, we witnessed changes in the characteristics of our resident graduates whose interests and career choices have become more focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Paul Ohori
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center-Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lisa A Radkay
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center-Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Trevor A Macpherson
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center-Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samuel A Yousem
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center-Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Karen E Schoedel
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center-Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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