Comparative Analysis of Radiology Trainee Burnout Using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory

Investigating the Relationship between Burnout, Workload, and Imposter Syndrome for Mental Health Nurses in the UK

This study investigated the interrelationship between burnout, workload, and imposter syndrome among mental health nurses within the UK. Understanding their connections is crucial given the detrimental effects of these factors on workplace well-being. Despite extensive research on imposter syndrome in various healthcare professions, its exploration within nursing has been limited. This study aimed to address this gap by examining the relationships between these variables in a sample of registered mental health nurses. Correlational analyses revealed moderate to high levels of burnout, workload, and imposter syndrome among participants. While a significant positive correlation was found between burnout and workload, no significant associations were observed between burnout and imposter syndrome, or workload and imposter syndrome. These findings are discussed within the context of existing literature, and potential implications for future research are explored.

Factors affecting healthcare workers burnout and their conceptual models: scoping review

BACKGROUND

The occupational stress that contributes to the development of burnout syndrome remains one of the greatest scientific challenges. Despite years of research into burnout and its determinants, burnout continues to attract the attention of researchers, and healthcare workers (HCWs) continue to experience burnout in large numbers. Burnout has a significant impact on both the mental and physical well-being of HCWs and reduces patient-centered healthcare. This review aims to identify the factors affecting healthcare workers' burnout (FAHCWB) and their conceptual models.

METHODS

The review was conducted according to Arksey and O'Malley's framework using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Wiley, ProQuest, Sage, Science Direct, and EBSCO using the following keywords: healthcare professionals, burnout, and internal/external factors. Empirical, qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-design research articles published in English with full-text access in peer-reviewed journals that investigated the FAHCWB were included. For an in-depth analysis of the included articles, the authors developed a data synthesis table, and thematic analysis was applied to the analysis.

RESULTS

According to the inclusion criteria, 38 articles were selected for further data analysis. Six main themes were identified: (1) FAHCWB; (2) conceptual models of FAHCWB; (3) research tools for studying FAHCWB; (4) findings on FAHCWB in the context of different models; (5) differences between findings from different models; (6) what is known and not known about FAHCWB. The results of the review show that most researchers conduct research on factors affecting burnout (FAB) based on factors related to the work environment, with fewer studies based on individual factors, including personality factors. Most of the research is based on the model developed by Maslach et al. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) has been used in most studies.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite years of research, burnout continues to evolve rapidly, indicating that scientific research needs to be re-focused. Research should be conducted using different conceptual models and new research tools that allow the syndrome to be studied from a multidimensional perspective, including both the work environment and individual factors.

Best Practices: Burnout Is More Than Binary

Burnout among radiologists is increasingly prevalent, with the potential for having a substantial negative impact on physician well-being, delivery of care, and health outcomes. To evaluate this phenomenon using reliable and accurate means, validated quantitative instruments are essential. Variation in measurement can contribute to wide-ranging findings. This article evaluates radiologist burnout rates globally and dimensions of burnout as reported using different validated instruments; it also provides guidance on best practices to characterize burnout. Fifty-seven studies published between 1990 and 2023 were included in a systematic review, and 43 studies were included in a meta-analysis of burnout prevalence using random-effects models. The reported burnout prevalence ranged from 5% to 85%. With the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), burnout prevalence varied significantly depending on the instrument version used. Among MBI subcategories, the pooled prevalence of emotional exhaustion was 54% (95% CI, 45-63%), depersonalization was 52% (95% CI, 41-63%), and low personal accomplishment was 36% (95% CI, 27-47%). Other validated burnout instruments showed less heterogeneous results; studies using the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index yielded a burnout prevalence of 39% (95% CI, 34-45%), whereas the validated single-item instrument yielded a burnout prevalence of 34% (95% CI, 29-39%). Standardized instruments for assessing prevalence alongside multidimensional profiles capturing experiences may better characterize radiologist burnout, including change occurring over time.

Radiographers' workload and burnout on performance: an empirical study

Study purpose

To assess the prevalence of burnout among radiographers, and whether demographic variables and work-related factors had any influence on burnout and perceived stress among them.

Methods

A cross-sectional quantitative survey design is adopted in this study. The participants included radiographers from Saudi Arabia. Both Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were used for data collection. Participation was voluntary, and the survey was conducted online, resulting in 322 final responses considered for the data analysis.

Results

The mean emotional exhaustion (EE) score achieved was 26.01, representing medium burnout risk. However, the mean depersonalization (DP: μ = 25.25) and personal accomplishment (PA: μ = 23.65) represented high burnout risk among radiographers. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among the participants grouped by genders, age groups, nature of work type, and work experience. The mean perceived stress score for radiographers was identified to be 27.8, indicating high.

Conclusion

The findings underscore the critical need for targeted interventions and support mechanisms within the radiology profession, particularly focusing on younger radiographers and those with extensive work experience.

A National Survey Evaluating Burnout and Wellness During Radiology Residency

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES

Burnout is a serious problem during medical residency and can contribute to poorer resident and patient health. A thorough understanding of factors associated with burnout can provide insight into supporting resident well-being. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of burnout and ascertain its associated factors among radiology residents in the U.S.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This cross-sectional study involved sending an anonymous survey to radiology program directors, coordinators, and residents across the U.S. Data regarding demographics, burnout levels, and burnout-associated factors were collected in the month of August 2023. Multivariable linear regression models evaluated the association of demographic and burnout-associated variables with burnout scores in the dimensions of Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment. Chi-square analyses with Bonferroni correction and Kruskal-Wallis analyses were used to assess associations between program types and burnout as well as between program type and program effectiveness in managing burnout. Resident suggestions on addressing burnout were qualitatively assessed.

RESULTS

147 radiology residents responded to the survey. Emotional Exhaustion was positively associated with seeking social support (p = .03) and negatively associated with perceived program effectiveness in addressing burnout (p < .001). Respondents who identified as male experienced greater Depersonalization (p = .02). Increased frequency of physical activity was associated with higher Personal Accomplishment scores (p = .04). The most common resident suggestions related to Work Burden, Program Support, and Protected Wellness Time.

CONCLUSION

Radiology programs should consider designing interventions addressing burnout, such as enhancing avenues for feedback and tailoring resident training based on individual preferences for remote work. Understanding the unique challenges faced by radiology residents is essential to tackle burnout and improve wellness.

Burnout assessment among pharmacist-academic detailers at the US Veterans Health Administration

BACKGROUND

Burnout among clinical pharmacist practitioners has been well established, but not among those who perform academic detailing.

OBJECTIVES

To measure burnout among clinical pharmacist practitioners who perform academic detailing (pharmacist-academic detailers) at the United States Veterans Health Administration and compare the findings using 2 validated burnout instruments for healthcare professionals.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study design was performed to measure burnout in VHA pharmacist-academic detailers across all VA regions between April 2023 and May 2023. Burnout was measured using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and a validated single-item burnout measure (SIMB). OLBI has 2 domains (exhaustion and disengagement) and categorizes burnout into Low, Moderate, and High based on scores above or below 1 standard deviation (SD) of the mean. The validated SIMB categorized burnout as having a score of 3 or greater (range: 1-5). Interrater reliability testing between the OLBI and the SIMB at detecting burnout among pharmacist-academic detailers was performed using the kappa test. Correlation between the 2 burnout instruments was assessed using the Spearman rho test.

RESULTS

A total of 50 pharmacist-academic detailers completed the burnout survey. A large proportion of respondents had Moderate levels of burnout for the total (72%) burnout score, disengagement (64%) domain, and exhaustion (74%) domain. In total, 86% of pharmacist-academic detailers reported having Moderate to High levels of burnout on the total OLBI score. On the SIMB, a total of 14 (28%) pharmacist-academic detailers reported having one or more symptoms of burnout. Interrater reliability was considered poor/slight agreement between the OLBI and SIMB. Correlation between the 2 burnout instruments was considered moderately correlated (rho = 0.67, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

This study provides an empirical analysis of burnout among pharmacist-academic detailers; however, the ability to detect burnout among pharmacist-academic detailers may be impacted by the selection of burnout instrument used.

A Meta-analysis of Burnout in Radiology Trainees and Radiologists: Insights From the Maslach Burnout Inventory

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES

Burnout, stemming from chronic work stress, is a significant issue in the medical field, especially among radiologists. It leads to compromised patient care and reduced job satisfaction. Addressing burnout in radiology is essential for the well-being of radiologists and, in turn, for improving patient care. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and dimensions of burnout among radiology trainees (RTs) and practicing radiologists (PRs).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with established guidelines. The search encompassed PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to June 20, 2023. Eligible studies that assessed the rate of burnout syndrome and/or its subscales, including depersonalization (DP), emotional exhaustion (EE), and personal accomplishment (PA), among RTs and/or PRs using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), were included. Relevant data were extracted and analyzed using R and STATA.

RESULTS

Among the 22 included studies, the pooled rates of positive MBI subscales for RTs and PRs were as follows: 54.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 43.8%-65.1%, I2 = 95.2%) for DP, 57.2% (95% CI: 48.7%-65.4%, I2 = 92.9%) for EE, and 38.6% (95% CI: 27%-51.7%, I2 = 95.5%) for low PA. The pooled rate indicating the presence of at least one positive MBI subscale was 82.9% (95% CI: 79.2%-86.1%, I2 = 57.4%). For two or more positive MBI subscales, the pooled rate was 55.5% (95% CI: 49.7%-61.3%, I2 = 60.2%), and for three positive MBI subscales, it was 16.7% (95% CI: 11.7%-23.3%, I2 = 82.7%).

CONCLUSION

This study emphasizes a notable prevalence of burnout in the radiology specialty, with 8 of 10 individuals exhibiting positive results in at least one MBI subscale. This highlights the urgent need for interventions and support systems to protect the well-being of both trainees and practitioners and uphold the quality of patient care.

Burnout among radiology residents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the prevalence of burnout among radiology residents.

METHOD

Five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus) were searched for studies reporting burnout in radiology residents for the period up to November 7, 2022.

RESULTS

A total of 423 studies were identified, and eventually, 16 studies were selected for the qualitative analysis, of which 11 studies were used in the meta-analysis. There was a total of 2164 radiology residents. Six studies reported the prevalence of burnout but the data could not be pooled due to their inconsistent definitions of burnout. The mean scores of three burnout subscales indicated a moderate to high degree of severity: emotional exhaustion = 25.2 (95% CI, 22.1-28.3; I2 = 94.4%), depersonalization = 10.2 (95% CI, 8.5-11.9; I2 = 93.0%), and low perception of personal accomplishment = 32.9 (95% CI, 30.5-35.4; I2 = 94.4%). The pooled prevalence of high-degree emotional exhaustion was 49.9% (95% CI, 43.6-56.1%; I2 = 55.7%), high-degree depersonalization was 45.1% (95% CI, 38.3-52.0%; I2 = 63.2%), and high-degree diminished personal accomplishment was 58.2% (95% CI, 36.0-77.6%; I2 = 84.9%). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiology residents was not investigated. In addition, there are inconsistent findings on the effects of female sex, seniority, and social support on burnout.

CONCLUSIONS

About half of the radiology residents showed at least one of the three burnout manifestations (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment), with a moderate to high degree of severity.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT

Such a high prevalence and severity of burnout among radiology residents warrant the attention of residency program directors.

KEY POINTS

• Burnout, not uncommon among radiology residents, has not been effectively analyzed. • Nearly half of the radiology residents experience at least one of the three manifestations of burnout to a moderate to high degree. • The high prevalence and severe degree of burnout among radiology residents warrant the attention of residency program directors.

Incidence and factors associated with burnout in radiologists: A systematic review

Rationale and objectives

Burnout among physicians has a prevalence rate exceeding 50%. The radiology department is not immune to the burnout epidemic. Understanding and addressing burnout among radiologists has been a subject of recent interest. Thus, our study aims to systematically review studies reporting the prevalence of burnout in physicians in the radiology department while providing an overview of the factors associated with burnout among radiologists.

Materials and methods

The search was conducted from inception until November 13th, 2022, in PubMed, Embase, Education Resources Information Center, PsycINFO, and psycArticles. Studies reporting the prevalence of burnout or any subdimensions among radiology physicians, including residents, fellows, consultants, and attendings, were included. Data on study characteristics and estimates of burnout syndrome or any of its subdimensions were collected and summarized.

Results

After screening 6379 studies, 23 studies from seven countries were eligible. The number of participants ranged from 26 to 460 (median, 162; interquartile range, 91-264). In all, 18 studies (78.3%) employed a form of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. In comparison, four studies (17.4%) used the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index, and one study (4.3%) used a single-item measure derived from the Zero Burnout Program survey. Overall burnout prevalence estimates were reported by 14 studies (60.9%) and varied from 33% to 88%. High burnout prevalence estimates were reported by only five studies (21.7%) and ranged from 5% to 62%. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization prevalence estimates were reported by 16 studies (69.6%) and ranged from 11%-100% and 4%-97%, respectively. Furthermore, 15 studies (65.2%) reported low personal accomplishment prevalence, ranging from 14.7% to 84%. There were at least seven definitions for overall burnout and high burnout among the included studies, and there was high heterogeneity among the cutoff scores used for the burnout subdimensions.

Conclusion

Burnout in radiology is increasing globally, with prevalence estimates reaching 88% and 62% for overall and high burnout, respectively. A myriad of factors has been identified as contributing to the increased prevalence. Our data demonstrated significant variability in burnout prevalence estimates among radiologists and major disparities in burnout criteria, instrument tools, and study quality.

The occupational burnout among medical staff with high workloads after the COVID-19 and its association with anxiety and depression

Objective

After the end of COVID-19, medical staff were immediately faced with a high workload, leading to widespread occupational burnout. This study aims to explore the level and influencing factors of burnout among medical staff during this period, as well as its relationship with anxiety and depression.

Methods

The participants' levels of burnout were assessed using Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were evaluated through Cronbach's α and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Independent sample t-test, chi-square test, and Pearson analysis were employed to determine the correlation between two sets of variables. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify significant factors influencing burnout. Finally, nomograms were used to predict the probability of burnout occurrence.

Results

This study collected a total of 1,550 questionnaires, and after excluding 45 questionnaires that were duplicates or incomplete, a sample of 1,505 (97.1%) participants were included in the final statistical analysis. Both Cronbach's α and the fit indices of CFA demonstrated excellent adaptability of the Chinese version of MBI-HSS in this study. The overall prevalence rates for emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and diminished personal accomplishment (PA) were 52.4, 55.3, and 30.6%, respectively. Obtaining psychological support, health condition, relationship with family members, and insufficient sleep were identified as common contributing factors to burnout among medical staff. Additionally, age and promotion pressure were also associated with burnout among doctors, and exceeding legal working hours was an important factor for nurse burnout. The C-index for the nomograms predicting burnout among doctors and nurses was 0.832 and 0.843, respectively. Furthermore, burnout exhibited a significant linear correlation with anxiety and depression.

Conclusion

After the end of COVID-19, medical staff in high workload environments were facing severe burnout, which might lead to anxiety and depression. The occupational burnout of medical staff needed to be taken seriously and actively intervened.