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Vilela VLR, Feitosa TF, Simões SVD, Mota RA, Katzer F, Bartley PM. An abortion storm in a goat farm in the Northeast Region of Brazil was caused by the atypical Toxoplasma gondii genotype #13. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2023; 5:100157. [PMID: 38223290 PMCID: PMC10784673 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterise a Toxoplasma gondii-induced abortion outbreak on a goat farm in the State of Paraíba, Northeast Region of Brazil. From a herd of 10 does, seven experienced abortions and one gave birth to twins (one stillborn and the other weak and underdeveloped). Serum samples from all of the does were analysed by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Samples of colostrum and placenta from two does, along with lung, heart, brain and umbilical cord samples from four of the foetuses, were screened by nested ITS1 PCR specific for T. gondii. The positive samples were then analysed by multiplex nested PCR-RFLP. All ten does tested positive by IFAT for anti-T. gondii IgG (titrations ranging from 1:4096 to 1:65,536). The ITS1 PCR screening revealed T. gondii DNA in the placenta (2/2), colostrum (2/2), umbilical cord (2/4), lung (1/4), heart (1/4), and brain (1/4). Four samples produced complete RFLP genotyping results, identifying a single genotype, ToxoDB #13. In conclusion, we demonstrated a high rate of abortion caused by T. gondii in a goat herd, highlighting the pathogenicity of genotype #13, one of the most prevalent genotypes of T. gondii in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thais Ferreira Feitosa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Instituto Federal da Paraíba - IFPB, Sousa, Paraíba ZC 58800-970, Brazil
| | - Sara Vilar Dantas Simões
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraíba – UFPB, Areia, Paraíba ZC 58397-000, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Aparecido Mota
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – UFRPE, Recife, Pernambuco ZC 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Frank Katzer
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M. Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Dubey JP, Murata FHA, Cerqueira-Cézar CK, Kwok OCH. Recent epidemiologic and clinical Toxoplasma gondii infections in wild canids and other carnivores: 2009-2020. Vet Parasitol 2020; 290:109337. [PMID: 33476902 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii infections are common in humans and animals worldwide. The present review summarizes worldwide information on the prevalence of clinical and subclinical infections, epidemiology, diagnosis, and genetic diversity of T. gondii in wild canids and other carnivores for the past decade. Seroprevalence estimates of T. gondii worldwide were tabulated for each host. Seroprevalence in wild foxes was very high compared with farmed Arctic foxes. Economic and public health aspects of some of the carnivore species raised for fur and meat (raccoon dogs, mink) are discussed. Diagnostic efficacies of different serological methods and PCR methods are discussed. Clinical toxoplasmosis was observed mainly in carnivores concurrently infected with immunosuppressive Canine Distemper Virus infection. Abortion and blindness were noted in mink. Genetic diversity of isolates using DNA derived from 162 (89 viable T. gondii isolates and 73 DNA extracted from tissues) of wild carnivores from several countries is discussed. However, 69 of the 162 T. gondii isolates were strains from USA and these were genetically diverse with predominance of ToxoDB genotypes #4 and #5 (haplogroup 12). Only limited information is available concerning genotyping of T. gondii isolates from other countries; none of the 93 T. gondii isolates from other countries (Brazil, China, France, Grenada) were haplogroup 12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender P Dubey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA.
| | - Fernando H A Murata
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA
| | - Camila K Cerqueira-Cézar
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA
| | - Oliver C H Kwok
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA
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Witter R, Pena HFJ, Maia MO, de Magalhães AO, Morgado TO, Colodel EM, Barros DA, Igarashi M, Gennari SM, Pacheco RC. Isolation and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in the Midwestern Brazil revealed high genetic diversity and new genotypes. Acta Trop 2020; 212:105681. [PMID: 32926845 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to describe the genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii strains isolated from domestic animals, wildlife and humans in the Midwestern Brazil. For this purpose, fragments of tissue samples (heart, brain and lung) from 35 dogs, four cats, 105 wildlife, and amniotic fluids from eight pregnant women were collected and submitted to mouse bioassay test. In a total, 22 isolates from nine dogs, one cat, ten wild animals and two women were obtained. The DNA was extracted from T. gondii isolates (lungs and brains of infected mice) and from "primary samples" (aliquots of tissue homogenate from wild animals and amniotic fluids from pregnant women) in order to screen using a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting a repeated 529-base pairs fragment of the T. gondii genome. All positive PCR samples were genotyped using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study to report isolates of T. gondii from Leopardus pardalis, Crax fasciolata, and Dasyprocta azarae. Moreover, multilocus PCR-RFLP revealed 11 T. gondii RFLP genotypes, comprising nine previously described, including the archetypal lineage #2 type III (n = 1); two clonal Brazilian lineages, #6 type BrI (n = 1) and #8 type BrIII (n = 5); #14 (n = 2), #41 (n = 1), #108 (n = 1), #140 (n = 2), #166 (n = 4), #190 (n = 1), one potentially mixed, and two new described genotypes in two isolates. Our results confirmed the high diversity of T. gondii strains in Brazil, including identical genotypes circulating among humans, domestic dogs and wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Witter
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias-PPGVET, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária-FAVET, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso-UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Rondônia-IFRO, campus Jaru, Jaru, RO, Brazil
| | - Hilda Fátima Jesus Pena
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal-VPS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia-FMVZ, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maerle Oliveira Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias-PPGVET, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária-FAVET, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso-UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Aline Oliveira de Magalhães
- Programa de Residência Uniprofissional em Medicina Veterinária-PRUMV, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária-FAVET, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso-UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Thaís Oliveira Morgado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias-PPGVET, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária-FAVET, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso-UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Edson Moleta Colodel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias-PPGVET, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária-FAVET, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso-UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Daniela Araujo Barros
- Faculdade de Medicina-FM, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso-UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Michelle Igarashi
- Faculdade de Medicina-FM, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso-UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Solange Maria Gennari
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal-VPS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia-FMVZ, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Bem-Estar Animal, Universidade de Santo Amaro - UNISA, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Richard Campos Pacheco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias-PPGVET, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária-FAVET, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso-UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
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Melo RPB, Almeida JC, de Lima DCV, Carvalho JCS, Porto WJN, Magalhães FJR, Hamilton CM, Katzer F, Mota RA. Atypical Toxoplasma gondii genotype from a sheep and a pig on Fernando de Noronha Island, Brazil, showed different mouse virulence profiles. Parasitol Res 2019; 119:351-356. [PMID: 31792722 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite which can infect almost all warm-blooded animals. Toxoplasma gondii isolates from Brazil have greater genetic diversity with a predominance of virulent and atypical genotypes, compared with the Northern Hemisphere. Considering that previous studies have demonstrated a high seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies in animals from Fernando de Noronha Island, the aim of this study was to isolate, genetically characterize, and determine mouse virulence of isolates of T. gondii from livestock from this Brazilian island. Two T. gondii isolates were obtained by mouse bioassay from brain from one sheep and one pig. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP using 10 genetic markers (SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22- 8, c29-2, PK1, L358, and Apico) and an atypical genotype of T. gondii (ToxoDB #146) was identified for both isolates. Genotyping of four ROP loci indicated different alleles for ROP16 and mouse virulence analysis revealed different profiles (intermediate and low virulence). This is the first report of this genotype being described in a pig and a sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Pimentel B Melo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Infectious-Contagious Diseases of Domestic Animals, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Jonatas C Almeida
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Infectious-Contagious Diseases of Domestic Animals, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Débora C V de Lima
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Infectious-Contagious Diseases of Domestic Animals, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Jéssica C S Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Infectious-Contagious Diseases of Domestic Animals, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Wagnner J N Porto
- Biological and Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, Alagoas, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando J R Magalhães
- Health Superintendence, Administração do Distrito Estadual de Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Clare M Hamilton
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian, Scotland, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Frank Katzer
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian, Scotland, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Rinaldo A Mota
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Infectious-Contagious Diseases of Domestic Animals, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil
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Hamilton CM, Black L, Oliveira S, Burrells A, Bartley PM, Melo RPB, Chianini F, Palarea-Albaladejo J, Innes EA, Kelly PJ, Katzer F. Comparative virulence of Caribbean, Brazilian and European isolates of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:104. [PMID: 30871587 PMCID: PMC6416883 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite of global importance. The outcome of infection in humans can depend on a number of factors including the infecting stage of the parasite, inoculating dose and virulence of the infecting strain. Molecular epidemiological studies have demonstrated an abundance of atypical strains of T. gondii in South America, many of which have been associated with more severe sequelae of infection. The aim of this study was to compare the virulence of T. gondii strains isolated in the Caribbean to a virulent Brazilian strain and an avirulent European strain. Methods One hundred and twenty Swiss CD-1 mice were split into 8 groups of 15 mice and each group was inoculated with 200 tachyzoites of one of 8 isolates, comprising ToxoDB genotypes #1, #141, #265, #13, #3 and #6. Five mice per group were euthanized at day 8 post-inoculation (p.i.) and parasite burden was determined in heart, lungs and eyes using quantitative PCR. Lungs and brain were also examined by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The remaining 10 mice per group were part of a survival experiment to assess virulence. DNA was extracted from tachyzoites of each of the 8 T. gondii isolates and genotyped at four ROP gene loci, including ROP5, ROP16, ROP17 and ROP18 to look for association with markers of virulence. Results Infection with ToxoDB genotype #13 from the Caribbean resulted in 100% of mice being euthanized which was comparative to infection with the virulent Brazilian strain (ToxoDB genotype #6). Significantly higher parasite burdens were recorded in the lungs and eyes of mice infected with ToxoDB genotypes #13 and #6. Genotyping of ROP loci revealed that the virulent Caribbean isolates had a different ROP18/ROP5 allelic profile (3/1) to the virulent Brazilian isolate (1/3); however, the avirulent Caribbean isolate (ToxoDB genotype #1) had the same ROP18/ROP5 profile as the avirulent European isolate (ToxoDB #3) (both 2/2). Caribbean isolates of intermediate virulence (ToxoDB #141 and #265) all had the same ROP18/ROP5 allelic profile (2/2). Conclusions Isolates from the Caribbean with ToxoDB genotype #13 were acutely virulent for mice and comparable to a known virulent Brazilian isolate. The ROP protein allelic profile of the virulent Caribbean and Brazilian isolates differed indicating that perhaps other factors are involved in predicting virulence. Understanding virulence is important for predicting disease outcome in humans and may also aid vaccine design as well as drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Hamilton
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK.
| | - Lauren Black
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Solange Oliveira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Alison Burrells
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Paul M Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Renata Pimentel B Melo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Infectious-Contagious Diseases of Domestic Animals, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Francesca Chianini
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | | | - Elisabeth A Innes
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Patrick J Kelly
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Island Main Road, West Farm, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Frank Katzer
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
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Silva MA, Pena HFJ, Soares HS, Aizawa J, Oliveira S, Alves BF, Souza DS, Melo RPB, Gennari SM, Mota RA, Silva JCR. Isolation and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from free-ranging and captive birds and mammals in Pernambuco state, Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 27:481-487. [PMID: 30184004 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-296120180059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent genetic population studies on Toxoplasma gondii in Brazil have shown large genetic variability. The objective of the present study was to isolate and genotypically characterize T. gondii from free-ranging and captive wild mammals and birds in Pernambuco state, Brazil. Fragments of heart, brain, skeletal muscle and diaphragm tissue from 71 birds and 34 mammals, which were either free-ranging or captive, were collected. Samples from 32 of these animals were subjected to bioassays in mice. Samples from the remaining 73 animals underwent biomolecular diagnosis, using PCR technique, targeting a repetitive DNA fragment of 529 bp in T. gondii. A non-virulent isolate (TgButstBrPE1) was obtained from a free-ranging striated heron (Butorides striata) and, based on primary samples, seven animals were found to be positive. The primary samples and the isolate obtained were subjected to PCR-RFLP using the markers SAG1, 5'3'SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, Apico and CS3. ToxoDB-RFLP genotype #13 from the striated heron isolate and Type BrIII genotype from a captive otter ( Lontra longicaudis) (PS-TgLonloBrPE1) were obtained. The present study describes the first isolation and genotypic characterization of T. gondii in free-ranging striated heron, and the first genotypic characterization of T. gondii in a captive otter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio André Silva
- Laboratório de Saúde Única, Epidemiologia e Geoprocessamento, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brasil.,Parque Estadual de Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brasil.,Instituto Brasileiro para Medicina da Conservação - Tríade, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Hilda Fátima Jesus Pena
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Herbert Sousa Soares
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Juliana Aizawa
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Solange Oliveira
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Bruna Farias Alves
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Renata Pimentel Bandeira Melo
- Laboratório de Bacterioses dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Solange Maria Gennari
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Rinaldo Aparecido Mota
- Laboratório de Bacterioses dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Jean Carlos Ramos Silva
- Laboratório de Saúde Única, Epidemiologia e Geoprocessamento, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brasil.,Instituto Brasileiro para Medicina da Conservação - Tríade, Recife, PE, Brasil
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Feitosa TF, Ribeiro Vilela VL, de Almeida-Neto JL, dos Santos A, de Morais DF, Alves BF, Nakashima F, Gennari SM, Rodrigues Athayde AC, Pena HFJ. High genetic diversity in Toxoplasma gondii isolates from pigs at slaughterhouses in Paraíba state, northeastern Brazil: Circulation of new genotypes and Brazilian clonal lineages. Vet Parasitol 2017; 244:76-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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