Chen Y, Chen L, Lin Y, Cong Y. Research progress on immunoprotective mechanisms of enteric fever and vaccine development.
J Adv Res 2025:S2090-1232(25)00375-3. [PMID:
40436138 DOI:
10.1016/j.jare.2025.05.054]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2025] [Revised: 04/29/2025] [Accepted: 05/25/2025] [Indexed: 06/01/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Enteric fever remains a serious global health challenge. Effective control of enteric fever depends on clean water and proper sanitation, which remains unattainable in resource-limited settings. Vaccination is therefore one of critical preventive measures. Nevertheless, there exists a paucity of systematic reviews integrating pathogenesis, the protective mechanisms, and translational vaccinology developments associated with enteric fever.
AIM OF REVIEW
To enhance the mechanistic understanding of enteric fever, this review summarizes the recent advances of pathogenesis, protective immune mechanism, as well as current challenges and innovations in vaccinology.
KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW
CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and B cells collectively play critical roles in the protective immune mechanisms against enteric fever. Currently licensed vaccines for enteric fever exhibit suboptimal efficacy and limited cross-protection. The absence of licensed paratyphoid vaccines underscores the imperative to develop novel vaccines, particularly multivalent vaccines.
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