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Ritschl L, Schilling P, Wittmer A, Serr A, Schmal H, Seidenstuecker M. Dual release of daptomycin and BMP-2 from a composite of β-TCP ceramic and ADA gelatin. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:38. [PMID: 38831403 PMCID: PMC11149308 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00863-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic-containing carrier systems are one option that offers the advantage of releasing active ingredients over a longer period of time. In vitro sustained drug release from a carrier system consisting of microporous β-TCP ceramic and alginate has been reported in previous works. Alginate dialdehyde (ADA) gelatin gel showed both better mechanical properties when loaded into a β-TCP ceramic and higher biodegradability than pure alginate. METHODS Dual release of daptomycin and BMP-2 was measured on days 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 14, 21, and 28 by HPLC and ELISA. After release, the microbial efficacy of the daptomycin was verified and the biocompatibility of the composite was tested in cell culture. RESULTS Daptomycin and the model compound FITC protein A (n = 30) were released from the composite over 28 days. A Daptomycin release above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by day 9 and a burst release of 71.7 ± 5.9% were observed in the loaded ceramics. Low concentrations of BMP-2 were released from the loaded ceramics over 28 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Ritschl
- G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center- Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pia Schilling
- G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center- Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Wittmer
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hermann- Herder-Straße 11, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annerose Serr
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hermann- Herder-Straße 11, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hagen Schmal
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Seidenstuecker
- G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center- Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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Hashimoto K, Oikawa H, Shibata H. Characterization of Porous β-Type Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramics Formed via Physical Foaming with Freeze-Drying. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5363. [PMID: 38791401 PMCID: PMC11120988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Porous β-tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2; β-TCP) was prepared via freeze-drying and the effects of this process on pore shapes and sizes were investigated. Various samples were prepared by freezing β-TCP slurries above a liquid nitrogen surface at -180 °C with subsequent immersion in liquid nitrogen at -196 °C. These materials were then dried under reduced pressure in a freeze-dryer, after which they were sintered with heating. Compared with conventional heat-based drying, the resulting pores were more spherical, which increased both the mechanical strength and porosity of the β-TCP. These materials had a wide range of pore sizes from 50 to 200 µm, with the mean and median values both approximately 100 µm regardless of the freeze-drying conditions. Mercury porosimetry data showed that the samples contained small, interconnected pores with sizes of 1.24 ± 0.25 µm and macroscopic, interconnected pores of 25.8 ± 4.7 µm in size. The effects of nonionic surfactants having different hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB) values on foaming and pore size were also investigated. Materials made with surfactants having lower HLB values exhibited smaller pores and lower porosity, whereas higher HLB surfactants gave higher porosity and slightly larger macropores. Even so, the pore diameter could not be readily controlled solely by adjusting the HLB value. The findings of this work indicated that high porosity (>75%) and good compressive strength (>2 MPa) can both be obtained in the same porous material and that foaming agents with HLB values between 12.0 and 13.5 were optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino-shi 275-0016, Chiba, Japan; (H.O.); (H.S.)
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Ritschl L, Schilling P, Wittmer A, Bohner M, Bernstein A, Schmal H, Seidenstuecker M. Composite material consisting of microporous beta-TCP ceramic and alginate-dialdehyde-gelatin for controlled dual release of clindamycin and bone morphogenetic protein 2. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:39. [PMID: 37498466 PMCID: PMC10374674 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce a composite of microporous β-TCP filled with alginate-gelatin crosslinked hydrogel, clindamycin and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) to prolong the drug-release behaviour for up to 28 days. The most promising alginate-di-aldehyde(ADA)-gelatin gel for drug release from microcapsules was used to fill microporous β-TCP ceramics under directional flow in a special loading chamber. Dual release of clindamycin and BMP-2 was measured on days 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 14, 21 and 28 by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After release, the microbial efficacy of the clindamycin was checked and the biocompatibility of the composite was tested in cell culture. Clindamycin and the model substance FITC-protein A were released from microcapsules over 28 days. The clindamycin burst release was 43 ± 1%. For the loaded ceramics, a clindamycin release above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) until day 9 and a burst release of 90.56 ± 2.96% were detected. BMP-2 was released from the loaded ceramics in low concentrations over 28 days. The release of active substances from β-TCP and hydrogel have already been extensively studied. Directional flow loading is a special procedure in which the ceramic could act as a stabilizer in the bone and, as a biodegradable system, enables a single-stage surgical procedure. Whether ADA-gelatin gel is suitable for this procedure as a more biodegradable alternative to pure alginate or whether a dual release is possible in this composite has not yet been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Ritschl
- G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstraße 4, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Pia Schilling
- G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstraße 4, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Wittmer
- Medical Center Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Hermann-Herder-Straße 11, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marc Bohner
- Robert Mathys Foundation, Bischmattstrasse 12, 2544, Bettlach, Switzerland
| | - Anke Bernstein
- G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstraße 4, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hagen Schmal
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Seidenstuecker
- G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstraße 4, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
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Mechanically Stable β-TCP Structural Hybrid Scaffolds for Potential Bone Replacement. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The authors report on the manufacturing of mechanically stable β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) structural hybrid scaffolds via the combination of additive manufacturing (CerAM VPP) and Freeze Foaming for engineering a potential bone replacement. In the first step, load bearing support structures were designed via FE simulation and 3D printed by CerAM VPP. In the second step, structures were foamed-in with a porous and degradable calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramic that mimics porous spongiosa. For this purpose, Fraunhofer IKTS used a process known as Freeze Foaming, which allows the foaming of any powdery material and the foaming-in into near-net-shape structures. Using a joint heat treatment, both structural components fused to form a structural hybrid. This bone construct had a 25-fold increased compressive strength compared to the pure CaP Freeze Foam and excellent biocompatibility with human osteoblastic MG-63 cells when compared to a bone grafting Curasan material for benchmark.
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Systematic Postoperative Assessment of a Minimally-Invasive Sheep Model for the Treatment of Osteochondral Defects. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10120332. [PMID: 33297497 PMCID: PMC7762399 DOI: 10.3390/life10120332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the clinical course of a sheep stifle joint model for osteochondral (OC) defects, medial femoral condyles (MFC) were exposed without patella luxation using medial parapatellar skin (3–4 cm) and deep incisions (2–3 cm). Two defects (7 mm diameter; 10 mm depth; OC punch) were left empty or refilled with osteochondral autologous transplantation cylinders (OATS) and explanted after six weeks. Incision-to-suture time, anesthesia time, and postoperative wound or impairment scores were compared to those in sham-operated animals. Implant performance was assessed by X-ray, micro-computed tomography, histology, and immunohistology (collagens 1, 2; aggrecan). There were no surgery-related infections or patellar luxations. Operation, anesthesia, and time to complete stand were short (0.5, 1.4, and 1.5 h, respectively). The wound trauma score was low (0.4 of maximally 4; day 7). Empty-defect and OATS animals reached an impairment score of 0 significantly later than sham animals (7.4 and 4.0 days, respectively, versus 1.5 days). Empty defects showed incomplete healing and dedifferentiation/heterotopic differentiation; OATS-filled defects displayed advanced bone healing with remaining cartilage gaps and orthotopic expression of bone and cartilage markers. Minimally-invasive, medial parapatellar surgery of OC defects on the sheep MFC allows rapid and low-trauma recovery and appears well-suited for implant testing.
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Bohner M, Santoni BLG, Döbelin N. β-tricalcium phosphate for bone substitution: Synthesis and properties. Acta Biomater 2020; 113:23-41. [PMID: 32565369 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is one the most used and potent synthetic bone graft substitute. It is not only osteoconductive, but also osteoinductive. These properties, combined with its cell-mediated resorption, allow full bone defects regeneration. Its clinical outcome is sometimes considered to be "unpredictable", possibly due to a poor understanding of β-TCP physico-chemical properties: β-TCP crystallographic structure is not fully uncovered; recent results suggest that sintered β-TCP is coated with a Ca-rich alkaline phase; β-TCP apatite-forming ability and osteoinductivity may be enhanced by a hydrothermal treatment; β-TCP grain size and porosity are strongly modified by the presence of minute amounts of β-calcium pyrophosphate or hydroxyapatite impurities. The aim of the present article is to provide a critical, but still rather comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge on β-TCP, with a strong focus on its synthesis and physico-chemical properties, and their link to the in vivo response. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The present review documents the richness, breadth, and interest of the research devoted to β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). β-TCP is synthetic, osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and its resorption is cell-mediated, thus making it one of the most potent bone graft substitutes. This comprehensive review reveals that there are a number of aspects, such as surface chemistry, crystallography, or stoichiometry deviations, that are still poorly understood. As such, β-TCP is still an exciting scientific playground despite a 50 year long history and > 200 yearly publications.
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Veronesi F, Maglio M, Brogini S, Fini M. In vivo studies on osteoinduction: A systematic review on animal models, implant site, and type and postimplantation investigation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1834-1866. [PMID: 32297695 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal diseases involving loss of tissue usually require management with bone grafts, among which autografts are still the gold standard. To overcome autograft disadvantages, the development of new scaffolds is constantly increasing, as well as the number of in vivo studies evaluating their osteoinductivity in ectopic sites. The aim of the present systematic review is to evaluate the last 10 years of osteoinduction in vivo studies. The review is focused on: (a) which type of animal model is most suitable for osteoinduction evaluation; (b) what are the most used types of scaffolds; (c) what kind of post-explant evaluation is most used. Through three websites (www.pubmed.com, www.webofknowledge.com and www.embase.com), 77 in vivo studies were included. Fifty-eight studies were conducted in small animal models (rodents) and 19 in animals of medium or large size (rabbits, dogs, goats, sheep, and minipigs). Despite the difficulty in establishing the most suitable animal model for osteoinductivity studies, small animals (in particular mice) are the most utilized. Intramuscular implantation is more frequent than subcutis, especially in large animals, and synthetic scaffolds (especially CaP ceramics) are preferred than natural ones, also in combination with cells and growth factors. Paraffin histology and histomorphometric evaluations are usually employed for postimplantation analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Veronesi
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Melania Maglio
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Brogini
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
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Cipollaro L, Ciardulli MC, Della Porta G, Peretti GM, Maffulli N. Biomechanical issues of tissue-engineered constructs for articular cartilage regeneration: in vitro and in vivo approaches. Br Med Bull 2019; 132:53-80. [PMID: 31854445 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the limited regenerative capacity of injured articular cartilage, the absence of suitable therapeutic options has encouraged tissue-engineering approaches for its regeneration or replacement. SOURCES OF DATA Published articles in any language identified in PubMed and Scopus electronic databases up to August 2019 about the in vitro and in vivo properties of cartilage engineered constructs. A total of 64 articles were included following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Regenerated cartilage lacks the biomechanical and biological properties of native articular cartilage. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY There are many different approaches about the development of the architecture and the composition of the scaffolds. GROWING POINTS Novel tissue engineering strategies focus on the development of cartilaginous biomimetic materials able to repair cartilage lesions in association to cell, trophic factors and gene therapies. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH A multi-layer design and a zonal organization of the constructs may lead to achieve cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Cipollaro
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via San Leonardo 1, 84131 Salerno, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Maria Camilla Ciardulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Giuseppe M Peretti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via San Leonardo 1, 84131 Salerno, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, 275 Bancroft Road, London E1 4DG, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University School of Medicine, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke on Trent, UK
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Silicon-calcium phosphate ceramics and silicon-calcium phosphate cements: Substrates to customize the release of antibiotics according to the idiosyncrasies of the patient. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 106:110173. [PMID: 31753390 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone substitutes based on calcium phosphates can be classified in two major groups: ceramics and cements. Both are biomaterials with excellent biocompatibility that have been studied as local delivery systems for drugs. This study aims to evaluate drug-release kinetics in silicon beta-tricalcium phosphate ceramics (Si-β-TCP) and in silicon calcium phosphate cements (Si-CPCs). We want to investigate if the differences in composition and in structure of the Si-β-TCP and the Si-CPC may influence for drug loading and in its release kinetics from the biomaterial. The results obtained indicate that all drug-loaded materials were efficient to tailor drug release kinetics and inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The cements prepared with high concentrations of silicon (80% Si-CPC) present zero-order release kinetics, independent of the drug concentration loaded. Si-β-TCP and Si-CPC offer a simple technology that could serve to personalize the delivery of bioactive molecules according to each patient's needs in the treatment of bone conditions, not only limited to prophylaxis, but also for the treatment of bone infection.
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Maglio M, Brogini S, Pagani S, Giavaresi G, Tschon M. Current Trends in the Evaluation of Osteochondral Lesion Treatments: Histology, Histomorphometry, and Biomechanics in Preclinical Models. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4040236. [PMID: 31687388 PMCID: PMC6803751 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4040236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral lesions (OCs) are typically of traumatic origins but are also caused by degenerative conditions, in primis osteoarthritis (OA). On the other side, OC lesions themselves, getting worse over time, can lead to OA, indicating that chondral and OC defects represent a risk factor for the onset of the pathology. Many animal models have been set up for years for the study of OC regeneration, being successfully employed to test different treatment strategies, from biomaterials and cells to physical and biological adjuvant therapies. These studies rely on a plethora of post-explant investigations ranging from histological and histomorphometric analyses to biomechanical ones. The present review aims to analyze the methods employed for the evaluation of OC treatments in each animal model by screening literature data within the last 10 years. According to the selected research criteria performed in two databases, 60 works were included. Data revealed that lapine (50% of studies) and ovine (23% of studies) models are predominant, and knee joints are the most used anatomical locations for creating OC defects. Analyses are mostly conducted on paraffin-embedded samples in order to perform histological/histomorphometric analyses by applying semiquantitative scoring systems and on fresh samples in order to perform biomechanical investigations by indentation tests on articular cartilage. Instead, a great heterogeneity is pointed out in terms of OC defect dimensions and animal's age. The choice of experimental times is generally adequate for the animal models adopted, although few studies adopt very long experimental times. Improvements in data reporting and in standardization of protocols would be desirable for a better comparison of results and for ethical reasons related to appropriate and successful animal experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Maglio
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - S. Brogini
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - S. Pagani
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - G. Giavaresi
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Tschon
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Rustom LE, Poellmann MJ, Wagoner Johnson AJ. Mineralization in micropores of calcium phosphate scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2019; 83:435-455. [PMID: 30408560 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing demand for novel bone repair solutions that overcome the drawbacks of current grafting techniques, the design of artificial bone scaffolds is a central focus in bone regeneration research. Calcium phosphate scaffolds are interesting given their compositional similarity with bone mineral. The majority of studies focus on bone growth in the macropores (>100 µm) of implanted calcium phosphate scaffolds where bone structures such as osteons and trabeculae can form. However, a growing body of research shows that micropores (<50 µm) play an important role not only in improving bone growth in the macropores, but also in providing additional space for bone growth. Bone growth in the micropores of calcium phosphate scaffolds offers major mechanical advantages as it improves the mechanical properties of the otherwise brittle materials, further stabilizes the implant, improves load transfer, and generally enhances osteointegration. In this paper, we review evidence in the literature of bone growth into micropores, emphasizing on identification techniques and conditions under which bone components are observed in the micropores. We also review theories on mineralization and propose mechanisms, mediated by cells or not, by which mineralization may occur in the confined micropore space of calcium phosphate scaffolds. Understanding and validating these mechanisms will allow to better control and enhance mineralization in micropores to improve the design and efficiency of bone implants. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The design of synthetic bone scaffolds remains a major focus for engineering solutions to repair damaged and diseased bone. Most studies focus on the design of and growth in macropores (>100 µm), however research increasingly shows the importance of microporosity (<50 µm). Micropores provide an additional space for bone growth, which provides multiple mechanical advantages to the scaffold/bone composite. Here, we review evidence of bone growth into micropores in calcium phosphate scaffolds and conditions under which growth occurs in micropores, and we propose mechanisms that enable or facilitate growth in these pores. Understanding these mechanisms will allow researchers to exploit them and improve the design and efficiency of bone implants.
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Mao G, Qin Z, Li Z, Li X, Qiu Y, Bian W. A tricalcium phosphate/polyether ether ketone anchor bionic fixation device for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Safety and efficacy in a beagle model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:554-563. [PMID: 29722123 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Genwen Mao
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Zili Qin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; The First Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery; Tangdu Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Orthopedics; Hospital of Balgrist University; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Yusheng Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Bian
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
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Brown WE, Huey DJ, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Functional self-assembled neocartilage as part of a biphasic osteochondral construct. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195261. [PMID: 29634740 PMCID: PMC5892872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone-to-bone integration can be obtained by osteoconductive ceramics such as hydroxyapatite (HAp) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), but cartilage-to-cartilage integration is notoriously difficult. Many cartilage repair therapies, including microfracture and mosaicplasty, capitalize on the reparative aspects of subchondral bone due to its resident population of stem cells and vascularity. A strategy of incorporating tissue engineered neocartilage into a ceramic to form an osteochondral construct may serve as a suitable alternative to achieve cartilage graft fixation. The use of a tissue engineered osteochondral construct to repair cartilage defects may also benefit from the ceramic’s proximity to underlying bone and abundant supply of progenitor cells and nutrients. The objective of the first study was to compare HAp and β-TCP ceramics, two widely used ceramics in bone regeneration, in terms of their ability to influence neocartilage interdigitation at an engineered osteochondral interface. Additional assays quantified ceramic pore size, porosity, and compressive strength. The compressive strength of HAp was six times higher than that of β-TCP due to differences in porosity and pore size, and HAp was thus carried forward in the second study as the composition with which to engineer an osteochondral construct. Importantly, it was shown that incorporation of the HAp ceramic in conjunction with the self-assembling process resulted in functionally viable neocartilage. For example, only collagen/dry weight and ultimate tensile strength of the chondral control constructs remained significantly greater than the neocartilage cut off the osteochondral constructs. By demonstrating that the functional properties of engineered neocartilage are not negatively affected by the inclusion of an HAp ceramic in culture, neocartilage engineering strategies may be directly applied to the formation of an osteochondral construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy E Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Huey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jerry C Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Kyriacos A Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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Khorshidi S, Karkhaneh A. A review on gradient hydrogel/fiber scaffolds for osteochondral regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:e1974-e1990. [PMID: 29243352 DOI: 10.1002/term.2628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondral tissue regeneration is a complicated field due to the distinct properties and healing potential of osseous and chondral phases. In a natural osteochondral region, the composition, mechanics, and structure vary smoothly from bony to cartilaginous phase. Therefore, a homogeneous scaffold cannot satisfy the complexity of the osteochondral matrix. In essence, a natural extracellular matrix is composed of fibrous proteins elongated into a gelatinous background. A hydrogel/fiber scaffold possessing gradient in both phases would be of the utmost interest to imitate tissue arrangement of a native osteochondral interface. However, there are limited research works that exploit hydrogel/fiber scaffolds for osteochondral restoration. In the present review, currently used fibrous or gelatinous scaffolds for osteochondral damages are discussed. Moreover, superiority of using gradient hydrogel/fiber composites for osteochondral regeneration and practical approaches to develop those scaffolds is debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajedeh Khorshidi
- Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Karkhaneh
- Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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15
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Dias IR, Viegas CA, Carvalho PP. Large Animal Models for Osteochondral Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1059:441-501. [PMID: 29736586 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76735-2_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Namely, in the last two decades, large animal models - small ruminants (sheep and goats), pigs, dogs and horses - have been used to study the physiopathology and to develop new therapeutic procedures to treat human clinical osteoarthritis. For that purpose, cartilage and/or osteochondral defects are generally performed in the stifle joint of selected large animal models at the condylar and trochlear femoral areas where spontaneous regeneration should be excluded. Experimental animal care and protection legislation and guideline documents of the US Food and Drug Administration, the American Society for Testing and Materials and the International Cartilage Repair Society should be followed, and also the specificities of the animal species used for these studies must be taken into account, such as the cartilage thickness of the selected defect localization, the defined cartilage critical size defect and the joint anatomy in view of the post-operative techniques to be performed to evaluate the chondral/osteochondral repair. In particular, in the articular cartilage regeneration and repair studies with animal models, the subchondral bone plate should always be taken into consideration. Pilot studies for chondral and osteochondral bone tissue engineering could apply short observational periods for evaluation of the cartilage regeneration up to 12 weeks post-operatively, but generally a 6- to 12-month follow-up period is used for these types of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel R Dias
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences School, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal. .,3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco - Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal. .,Department of Veterinary Medicine, ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Carlos A Viegas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences School, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco - Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro P Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University School Vasco da Gama, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes 197, Lordemão, Coimbra, 3020-210, Portugal.,CIVG - Vasco da Gama Research Center, University School Vasco da Gama, Coimbra, Portugal
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16
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Yucekul A, Ozdil D, Kutlu NH, Erdemli E, Aydin HM, Doral MN. Tri-layered composite plug for the repair of osteochondral defects: in vivo study in sheep. J Tissue Eng 2017; 8:2041731417697500. [PMID: 28694960 PMCID: PMC5496685 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417697500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage defects are a source of pain, immobility, and reduced quality of life for patients who have acquired these defects through injury, wear, or disease. The avascular nature of cartilage tissue adds to the complexity of cartilage tissue repair or regeneration efforts. The known limitations of using autografts, allografts, or xenografts further add to this complexity. Autologous chondrocyte implantation or matrix-assisted chondrocyte implantation techniques attempt to introduce cultured cartilage cells to defect areas in the patient, but clinical success with these are impeded by the avascularity of cartilage tissue. Biodegradable, synthetic scaffolds capable of supporting local cells and overcoming the issue of poor vascularization would bypass the issues of current cartilage treatment options. In this study, we propose a biodegradable, tri-layered (poly(glycolic acid) mesh/poly(l-lactic acid)-colorant tidemark layer/collagen Type I and ceramic microparticle-coated poly(l-lactic acid)-poly(ϵ-caprolactone) monolith) osteochondral plug indicated for the repair of cartilage defects. The porous plug allows the continual transport of bone marrow constituents from the subchondral layer to the cartilage defect site for a more effective repair of the area. Assessment of the in vivo performance of the implant was conducted in an ovine model (n = 13). In addition to a control group (no implant), one group received the implant alone (Group A), while another group was supplemented with hyaluronic acid (0.8 mL at 10 mg/mL solution; Group B). Analyses performed on specimens from the in vivo study revealed that the implant achieves cartilage formation within 6 months. No adverse tissue reactions or other complications were reported. Our findings indicate that the porous biocompatible implant seems to be a promising treatment option for the cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altug Yucekul
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ozdil
- BMT Calsis Health Technologies Co., Ankara, Turkey.,Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Esra Erdemli
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halil Murat Aydin
- Environmental Engineering Department & Bioengineering Division and Centre for Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Nedim Doral
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Ngadiman NHA, Noordin MY, Idris A, Kurniawan D. A review of evolution of electrospun tissue engineering scaffold: From two dimensions to three dimensions. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2017; 231:597-616. [DOI: 10.1177/0954411917699021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The potential of electrospinning process to fabricate ultrafine fibers as building blocks for tissue engineering scaffolds is well recognized. The scaffold construct produced by electrospinning process depends on the quality of the fibers. In electrospinning, material selection and parameter setting are among many factors that contribute to the quality of the ultrafine fibers, which eventually determine the performance of the tissue engineering scaffolds. The major challenge of conventional electrospun scaffolds is the nature of electrospinning process which can only produce two-dimensional electrospun mats, hence limiting their applications. Researchers have started to focus on overcoming this limitation by combining electrospinning with other techniques to fabricate three-dimensional scaffold constructs. This article reviews various polymeric materials and their composites/blends that have been successfully electrospun for tissue engineering scaffolds, their mechanical properties, and the various parameters settings that influence the fiber morphology. This review also highlights the secondary processes to electrospinning that have been used to develop three-dimensional tissue engineering scaffolds as well as the steps undertaken to overcome electrospinning limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - MY Noordin
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Ani Idris
- Faculty of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Denni Kurniawan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Miri, Malaysia
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Cao L, Li X, Zhou X, Li Y, Vecchio KS, Yang L, Cui W, Yang R, Zhu Y, Guo Z, Zhang X. Lightweight Open-Cell Scaffolds from Sea Urchin Spines with Superior Material Properties for Bone Defect Repair. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:9862-9870. [PMID: 28252933 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sea urchin spines (Heterocentrotus mammillatus), with a hierarchical open-cell structure similar to that of human trabecular bone and superior mechanical property (compressive strength ∼43.4 MPa) suitable for machining to shape, were explored for potential applications of bone defect repair. Finite element analyses reveal that the compressive stress concentrates along the dense growth rings and dissipates through strut structures of the stereoms, indicating that the exquisite mesostructures play an important role in high strength-to-weight ratios. The fracture strength of magnesium-substituted tricalcium phosphate (β-TCMP) scaffolds produced by hydrothermal conversion of urchin spines is about 9.3 MPa, comparable to that of human trabecular bone. New bone forms along outer surfaces of β-TCMP scaffolds after implantation in rabbit femoral defects for one month and grows into the majority of the inner open-cell spaces postoperation in three months, showing tight interface between the scaffold and regenerative bone tissue. Fusion of beagle lumbar facet joints using a Ti-6Al-4V cage and β-TCMP scaffold can be completed within seven months with obvious biodegradation of the β-TCMP scaffold, which is nearly completely degraded and replaced by newly formed bone ten months after implantation. Thus, sea urchin spines suitable for machining to shape have advantages for production of biodegradable artificial grafts for bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xiaoshu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Kenneth S Vecchio
- NanoEngineering Department, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lina Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
- School of Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
- School of Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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19
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Seidenstuecker M, Ruehe J, Suedkamp NP, Serr A, Wittmer A, Bohner M, Bernstein A, Mayr HO. Composite material consisting of microporous β-TCP ceramic and alginate for delayed release of antibiotics. Acta Biomater 2017; 51:433-446. [PMID: 28104468 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to produce a novel composite of microporous β-TCP filled with alginate and Vancomycin (VAN) to prolong the release behavior of the antibiotic for up to 28days. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using the flow chamber developed by the group, porous ceramics in a directional flow were filled with alginates of different composition containing 50mg/mL of antibiotics. After cross-linking the alginate with calcium ions, incubation took place in 10mL double-distilled water for 4weeks at 37°C. At defined times (1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 14, 20 and 28days), the liquid was completely exchanged and analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis and microtiter trials. For statistical purposes, the mean and standard deviation were calculated and analyzed by ANOVA. RESULTS The release of VAN from alginate was carried out via an external calcium source over the entire period with concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The burst release measured 35.2±1.5%. The release of VAN from alginate with an internal calcium source could only be observed over 14days. The burst release here was 61.9±4.3%. The native alginate's burst release was 54.1±7.8%; that of the sterile alginate 40.5±6.4%. The microtiter experiments revealed efficacy over the entire study period for VAN. The MIC value was determined in the release experiments as well in a range of 0.5-2.0μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Drug release systems based on β-TCP and hydrogels are well documented in literature. However, in all described systems the ceramic, as granule or powder, is inserted into a hydrogel. In our work, we do the opposite, a hydrogel which acts as reservoir for antibiotics is placed into a porous biodegradable ceramic. Eventually, this system should be applied as treatment of bone infections. Contrary to the "granule in hydrogel" composites it has the advantage of mechanical stability. Thus, it can take over functions of the bone during the healing process. For a quicker translation from our scientific research into clinical use, only FDA approved materials were used in this work.
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Cheng L, Wang T, Zhu J, Cai P. Osteoinduction of Calcium Phosphate Ceramics in Four Kinds of Animals for 1 Year: Dog, Rabbit, Rat, and Mouse. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:1309-14. [PMID: 27320611 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone grafts are in great demand. Synthetic materials have been extensively studied as substitutes for autografts. Calcium phosphate ceramics are promising synthetic bone replacement materials. Because they share chemical similarities with human bone mineral, they show excellent biocompatibility and osteoinductivity. OBJECTIVE Calcium phosphate ceramics have been used to fill bone defects in preclinical study in a variety of animals. This study aimed to investigate the osteogenesis ability of calcium phosphate ceramics in 4 kinds of animals. METHODS Φ3 × 5 mm hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP) cylinders were implanted into the dorsal muscle of rats and mice, whereas Φ5 × 10 mm cylinders were implanted into the dorsal muscle of dogs and rabbits. One year after implantation, the ceramics were harvested to perform hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Masson-trichrome staining. The new bone tissues were observed and the area percentage of new bone was compared in the 4 kinds of animals. RESULTS A large number of new bone and bone marrow tissues were observed in dogs, rabbits, and mice, but not in rats; and the area percentage of new bone in mice was significantly higher than that in dogs and rabbits (P < .05). Calcium phosphate ceramics have good biocompability and biological safety, and the degree of ease of osteogenesis was as follows: mouse > dog > rabbit > rat. CONCLUSION To achieve better effects for bone transplantation, mouse should be chosen as the preferred experimental model based on these advantages: economic, convenience, and osteogenesis ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cheng
- Medical School (Nursing School), Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - T Wang
- Medical School (Nursing School), Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - J Zhu
- Medical School (Nursing School), Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - P Cai
- Medical School (Nursing School), Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.
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21
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Aparicio JL, Rueda C, Manchón Á, Ewald A, Gbureck U, Alkhraisat MH, Jerez LB, Cabarcos EL. Effect of physicochemical properties of a cement based on silicocarnotite/calcium silicate on in vitro cell adhesion and in vivo cement degradation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:045005. [PMID: 27481549 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/4/045005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A silicon calcium phosphate cement (Si-CPC) was developed to produce a composite of calcium phosphate and calcium silicate. The silicon cements prepared with low silicon (Si) content were composed of crystalline phases of brushite and silicocarnotite. However, the cements prepared with high Si content were mainly composed of amorphous phases of silicocarnotite, hydroxyapatite and calcium silicate. The cement porosity was about 40% with a shift of the average pore diameter to the nanometric range with increasing Si content. Interestingly, this new cement system provides a matrix with a high specific surface area of up to 29 m(2) g(-1). The cytocompatibility of the new Si-doped cements was tested with a human osteoblast-like cell line (MG-63) showing an enhancement of cell proliferation (up to threefold) when compared with unsubstituted material. Cements with a high silica content also improved the cell attachment. The in vivo results indicated that Si-CPCs induce the formation of new bone tissue, and modify cement resorption. We conclude that this cement provides an optimal environment to enhance osteoblast growth and proliferation that could be of interest in bone engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lucas Aparicio
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physical-Chemistry II, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain. Faculty of Odontology, Department of Stomatology III, UCM, Madrid 28040, Spain
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22
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Bone tissue engineering using polyetherketoneketone scaffolds combined with autologous mesenchymal stem cells in a sheep calvarial defect model. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016; 44:985-94. [PMID: 27328894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) a high performance thermoplastic polymer that is FDA-approved for cranio- and maxillo-facial as well as spineal surgery. We studied the viability, growth and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived human and sheep mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in combination with a 3D scaffold made of PEKK using different cell-based assays. To investigate if autologous MSC, either undifferentiated or osteogenically pre-differentiated, augmented bone formation after implantation, we implanted cell-seeded 3D PEKK scaffolds into calvarial defects in sheep for 12 weeks. The volume and quality of newly formed bone were investigated using micro-computer tomography (micro-CT) and histological stainings. Our results show that the 3D PEKK scaffolds were cyto- and bio-compatible. They allowed for adherence, growth and osteogenic differentiation of human and ovine MSC. However, bone healing seemed unaffected by whether the scaffolds were seeded with MSC. Considerable amounts of newly formed bone were found in all PEKK treated groups, but a fibrous capsule was formed around the implants regardless of cell seeding with MSC.
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23
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Kissling S, Seidenstuecker M, Pilz IH, Suedkamp NP, Mayr HO, Bernstein A. Sustained release of rhBMP-2 from microporous tricalciumphosphate using hydrogels as a carrier. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:44. [PMID: 27206764 PMCID: PMC4874020 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue engineering and bone substitutes are subjects of intensive ongoing research. If the healing of bone fractures is delayed, osteoinductive materials that induce mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to form bone are necessary. The use of Bone Morphogenetic Protein - 2 is a common means to enhance effectiveness and accelerate the healing process. A delivery system that maintains and releases BMP biological activity in controlled fashion at the surgical site while preventing systemic diffusion (and thereby the risk of undesirable effects by controlling the amount of protein implanted) is essential. In this study, we aimed to test a cylindrical TCP-scaffold (porosity ~ 40 %, mean pore size 5 μm, high interconnectivity) in comparison to BMP-2. Recombinant human BMP-2 was dissolved in different hydrogels as a carrier, namely gelatin and alginate cross-linked with CaCl2-solution, or a solution of GDL and CaCO3. FITC-labeled Protein A was used as a model substance for rhBMP-2 in the pre-trials. For loading, the samples were put in a flow chamber and sealed with silicone rings. Using a directional vacuum, the samples were loaded with the alginate-BMP-2-mixture and the loading success monitored by observing changes in a fluorescent dye (FITC labeled Protein A) under a fluorescence microscope. A fluorescence reader and ELISA were employed to measure the release. Efficacy was determined in cell culture experiments (MG63 cells) via Live-Dead-Assay, FACS, WST-1-Assay, pNPP alkaline phosphatase assay and confocal microscopy. For statistical analysis, we calculated the mean and standard deviation and carried out an analysis of variance. Results Directional vacuum makes it possible to load nearly 100 % of the interconnected micropores with alginate mixed with rhBMP-2. Using alginate hardened with CaCl2 as a carrier, BMP-2's release can be decelerated significantly longer than with other hydrogels - eg, for over 28 days. The effects on osteoblast-like cells were an increase of the growth rate and expression of alkaline phosphatase while triggering no toxic effect. Conclusion The rhBMP-2-loaded microporous TCP scaffolds possess proliferative and osteoinductive potential. Alginate helps to lower the local growth factor dose below the cytotoxic limit, and allows the release period to be lengthened by at least 28 days. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-016-0275-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Kissling
- Center for Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str.55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Seidenstuecker
- Center for Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str.55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo H Pilz
- Center for Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str.55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Norbert P Suedkamp
- Center for Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str.55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hermann O Mayr
- Center for Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str.55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anke Bernstein
- Center for Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str.55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
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Yang J, Hu X, Huang J, Chen K, Huang Z, Liu Y, Fang M, Sun X. Novel porous calcium aluminate/phosphate nanocomposites: in situ synthesis, microstructure and permeability. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3599-3606. [PMID: 26805036 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08418k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Permeable porous nanomaterials have extensive applications in engineering fields. Here, we report a novel system of porous calcium aluminate/phosphate (CaAl-CaP) nanocomposites fabricated by pore generator free processing. The CaAl rich samples have close micropores and are not permeable. Interestingly, the CaP rich composites have a unique three-dimensional nanosieve structure with interconnected nanopores and exhibit excellent liquid permeability and adsorbability. The pore size has a narrow distribution of 200-500 nm. The CaAl nanoplatelets in the CaP rich composite have a thickness of 202 nm, a diameter of 1600 nm and an aspect ratio of 8. The porosity is from 19% to 40%. The bending strength and compressive strength are 40.3 MPa and 195 MPa, respectively. The CaP rich nanocomposite is highly permeable so that a water droplet can completely penetrate in 10 seconds (1 mm thick disk). The blue dye can be desorbed in 45 min by ultrasonic vibration. Given the nanosieve porous structure, good permeability/adsorbability and high mechanical properties, the CaP rich nanocomposite has big potential in applications for chemical engineering, biomedical engineering and energy/environmental engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhou Yang
- School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xiaozhi Hu
- School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Juntong Huang
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX44QF, UK
| | - Kai Chen
- National Engineering Research Centre for Rare Earth Materials, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Grirem Advanced Materials Co., Ltd, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Huang
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yangai Liu
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Fang
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, P. R. China
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25
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Li JJ, Kim K, Roohani-Esfahani SI, Guo J, Kaplan DL, Zreiqat H. A biphasic scaffold based on silk and bioactive ceramic with stratified properties for osteochondral tissue regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5361-5376. [PMID: 26167284 PMCID: PMC4494762 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00353a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Significant clinical challenges encountered in the effective long-term treatment of osteochondral defects have inspired advancements in scaffold-based tissue engineering techniques to aid repair and regeneration. This study reports the development of a biphasic scaffold produced via a rational combination of silk fibroin and bioactive ceramic with stratified properties to satisfy the complex and diverse regenerative requirements of osteochondral tissue. Structural examination showed that the biphasic scaffold contained two phases with different pore morphologies to match the cartilage and bone segments of osteochondral tissue, which were joined at a continuous interface. Mechanical assessment showed that the two phases of the biphasic scaffold imitated the load-bearing behaviour of native osteochondral tissue and matched its compressive properties. In vitro testing showed that different compositions in the two phases of the biphasic scaffold could direct the preferential differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells towards the chondrogenic or osteogenic lineage. By featuring simple and reproducible fabrication and a well-integrated interface, the biphasic scaffold strategy established in this study circumvented the common problems experienced with integrated scaffold designs and could provide an effective approach for the regeneration of osteochondral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao Li
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kyungsook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Seyed-Iman Roohani-Esfahani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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26
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β-Tricalcium phosphate for bone replacement: Stability and integration in sheep. J Biomech 2015; 48:1023-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Trachtenberg JE, Vo TN, Mikos AG. Pre-clinical characterization of tissue engineering constructs for bone and cartilage regeneration. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 43:681-96. [PMID: 25319726 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pre-clinical animal models play a crucial role in the translation of biomedical technologies from the bench top to the bedside. However, there is a need for improved techniques to evaluate implanted biomaterials within the host, including consideration of the care and ethics associated with animal studies, as well as the evaluation of host tissue repair in a clinically relevant manner. This review discusses non-invasive, quantitative, and real-time techniques for evaluating host-materials interactions, quality and rate of neotissue formation, and functional outcomes of implanted biomaterials for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Specifically, a comparison will be presented for pre-clinical animal models, histological scoring systems, and non-invasive imaging modalities. Additionally, novel technologies to track delivered cells and growth factors will be discussed, including methods to directly correlate their release with tissue growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Trachtenberg
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS 142, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX, 77251-1892, USA
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28
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Walker KJ, Madihally SV. Anisotropic temperature sensitive chitosan-based injectable hydrogels mimicking cartilage matrix. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 103:1149-60. [PMID: 25285432 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, chitosan-based hydrogels were formulated with material similarities to three of the four zones of articular cartilage. Gelatin, hyaluronic acid (HA), and β-tricalcium phosphate for the superficial, radial, and calcified zones, were blended in different amounts and tested for formation of uniform solution, gelability, and rheological characteristics. Confined compression in two configurations (series and parallel to anisotropy), and cyclical tests were performed at the physiological conditions. In vivo gelation and systemic effects were evaluated in male BALB/c mice subcutaneous model. At day 5, hydrogels were harvested along with the adjoining skin and analyzed by histology. Formulations that produced solutions after pH adjustments were selected for each zone. Anisotropic hydrogels were formed by mixing solutions from each zone, which showed uniform gradation. Addition of HA improved structural integrity relative to other formulations. When hydrogels were in series, combined hydrogel modulus was the average of all zones while that in parallel orientation was half of that series orientation. Cyclical tests demonstrated repeatable strength and durability. All formulations were injectable into the subcutaneous region. H/E stained tissues showed minimal invasion of inflammatory cells in radial and calcified zones. Structural integrity of the hydrogel is suggested to be the resultant of the presence of HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Walker
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 423 Engineering North, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078
| | - Sundararajan V Madihally
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 423 Engineering North, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078
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29
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Li JJ, Kaplan DL, Zreiqat H. Scaffold-based regeneration of skeletal tissues to meet clinical challenges. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:7272-7306. [PMID: 32261954 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01073f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The management and reconstruction of damaged or diseased skeletal tissues have remained a significant global healthcare challenge. The limited efficacy of conventional treatment strategies for large bone, cartilage and osteochondral defects has inspired the development of scaffold-based tissue engineering solutions, with the aim of achieving complete biological and functional restoration of the affected tissue in the presence of a supporting matrix. Nevertheless, significant regulatory hurdles have rendered the clinical translation of novel scaffold designs to be an inefficient process, mainly due to the difficulties of arriving at a simple, reproducible and effective solution that does not rely on the incorporation of cells and/or bioactive molecules. In the context of the current clinical situation and recent research advances, this review will discuss scaffold-based strategies for the regeneration of skeletal tissues, with focus on the contribution of bioactive ceramic scaffolds and silk fibroin, and combinations thereof, towards the development of clinically viable solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao Li
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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30
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Fan R, Deng X, Zhou L, Gao X, Fan M, Wang Y, Guo G. Injectable thermosensitive hydrogel composite with surface-functionalized calcium phosphate as raw materials. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:615-26. [PMID: 24489468 PMCID: PMC3904811 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s52689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, L-lactide was used to modify the tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) surface which can form functionalized poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)-grafted β-TCP (g-β-TCP) and PLLA-grafted TTCP (g-TTCP) particles. The g-β-TCP and g-TTCP obtained were incorporated into a PEG-PCL-PEG (PECE) matrix to prepare injectable thermosensitive hydrogel composites. The morphology of the hydrogel composites showed that the g-β-TCP and g-TTCP particles dispersed homogeneously into the polymer matrix, and each hydrogel composite had a three-dimensional network structure. Rheologic analysis showed that the composite had good thermosensitivity. Changes in calcium concentration and pH in simulated body fluid solutions confirmed the feasibility of surface-functionalized calcium phosphate for controlled release of calcium. All the results indicate that g-β-TCP/PECE and g-TTCP/PECE hydrogels might be a promising protocol for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- RangRang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoHui Deng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - LiangXue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - YueLong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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31
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Correia SI, Pereira H, Silva-Correia J, Van Dijk CN, Espregueira-Mendes J, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Current concepts: tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications in the ankle joint. J R Soc Interface 2013; 11:20130784. [PMID: 24352667 PMCID: PMC3899856 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) has caused a revolution in present and future trends of medicine and surgery. In different tissues, advanced TERM approaches bring new therapeutic possibilities in general population as well as in young patients and high-level athletes, improving restoration of biological functions and rehabilitation. The mainstream components required to obtain a functional regeneration of tissues may include biodegradable scaffolds, drugs or growth factors and different cell types (either autologous or heterologous) that can be cultured in bioreactor systems (in vitro) prior to implantation into the patient. Particularly in the ankle, which is subject to many different injuries (e.g. acute, chronic, traumatic and degenerative), there is still no definitive and feasible answer to ‘conventional’ methods. This review aims to provide current concepts of TERM applications to ankle injuries under preclinical and/or clinical research applied to skin, tendon, bone and cartilage problems. A particular attention has been given to biomaterial design and scaffold processing with potential use in osteochondral ankle lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Correia
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, , Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, S. Cláudio de Barco, Taipas, Guimarães 4806-909, Portugal
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Jeon JE, Vaquette C, Klein TJ, Hutmacher DW. Perspectives in Multiphasic Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 297:26-35. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- June E. Jeon
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Cedryck Vaquette
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Travis J. Klein
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Dietmar W. Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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33
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Gotterbarm T, Breusch SJ, Jung M, Streich N, Wiltfang J, Berardi Vilei S, Richter W, Nitsche T. Complete subchondral bone defect regeneration with a tricalcium phosphate collagen implant and osteoinductive growth factors: A randomized controlled study in Göttingen minipigs. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 102:933-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gotterbarm
- Clinic of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Steffen J. Breusch
- Department of Orthopaedics; New Royal Infirmary; Little France; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh EH16 4SU Scotland UK
| | - Martin Jung
- Orthopaedic Surgery Munich (OCM); Munich Germany
| | - Nikolaus Streich
- Clinic of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jörg Wiltfang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein; Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 26 24105 Kiel Germany
| | | | - Wiltrud Richter
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Tobias Nitsche
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein; Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 26 24105 Kiel Germany
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate-Based Bioceramics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 6:3840-3942. [PMID: 28788309 PMCID: PMC5452669 DOI: 10.3390/ma6093840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Various types of grafts have been traditionally used to restore damaged bones. In the late 1960s, a strong interest was raised in studying ceramics as potential bone grafts due to their biomechanical properties. A bit later, such synthetic biomaterials were called bioceramics. In principle, bioceramics can be prepared from diverse materials but this review is limited to calcium orthophosphate-based formulations only, which possess the specific advantages due to the chemical similarity to mammalian bones and teeth. During the past 40 years, there have been a number of important achievements in this field. Namely, after the initial development of bioceramics that was just tolerated in the physiological environment, an emphasis was shifted towards the formulations able to form direct chemical bonds with the adjacent bones. Afterwards, by the structural and compositional controls, it became possible to choose whether the calcium orthophosphate-based implants remain biologically stable once incorporated into the skeletal structure or whether they were resorbed over time. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of regenerative bioceramics was developed and such formulations became an integrated part of the tissue engineering approach. Now calcium orthophosphate scaffolds are designed to induce bone formation and vascularization. These scaffolds are often porous and harbor different biomolecules and/or cells. Therefore, current biomedical applications of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics include bone augmentations, artificial bone grafts, maxillofacial reconstruction, spinal fusion, periodontal disease repairs and bone fillers after tumor surgery. Perspective future applications comprise drug delivery and tissue engineering purposes because calcium orthophosphates appear to be promising carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides and various types of cells.
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Microporous calcium phosphate ceramics as tissue engineering scaffolds for the repair of osteochondral defects: Histological results. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7490-505. [PMID: 23528497 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of defects in joint cartilage aims to re-establish normal joint function. In vitro experiments have shown that the application of synthetic scaffolds is a promising alternative to existing therapeutic options. A sheep study was conducted to test the suitability of microporous pure β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramics as tissue engineering scaffolds for the repair of osteochondral defects. Cylindrical plugs of microporous β-TCP (diameter: 7mm; length: 25mm; porosity: 43.5±2.4%; pore diameter: ~5μm) with interconnecting pores were used. Scaffolds were seeded with autologous chondrocytes in vitro and cultured for 4weeks. A drill hole (diameter 7mm) was placed in both medial femoral condyles of sheep. For the left knee the defect was filled with a TCP plug and for the right knee the defect was left empty. After 6, 12, 26 and 52weeks, seven animals from each group were killed and studied. The samples were examined employing histological, histomorphometric and immunohistological methods as well as various imaging techniques (X-ray, microcomputer tomography and scanning electron microscopy). After explantation the cartilage defects were first assessed macroscopically. There were no signs of infection or inflammation. Histological grading scales were used for assessment of bony integration and cartilage repair. An increasing degradation (81% after 52weeks) of the ceramic with concomitant bone formation was observed. The original structure of cancellous bone was almost completely restored. After 26 and 52weeks, collagen II-positive hyaline cartilage was detected in several samples. New subchondral bone had formed. The formation of cartilage began at the outer edge and proceeded to the middle. According to the O'Driscoll score, values corresponding to healthy cartilage were not reached after 1year. Integration of the newly formed cartilage tissue into the surrounding native cartilage was found. The formation of biomechanical stable cartilage began at the edge and progressed towards the centre of the defect. After 1year this process was still not completed. Microporous β-TCP scaffolds seeded with chondrocytes are suitable for the treatment of osteochondral defects.
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36
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Intraoperative biologische Augmentation am Knochen und der subchondralen Zone. ARTHROSKOPIE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00142-012-0738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ganesh N, Hanna C, Nair SV, Nair LS. Enzymatically cross-linked alginic-hyaluronic acid composite hydrogels as cell delivery vehicles. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 55:289-94. [PMID: 23357799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An injectable composite gel was developed from alginic and hyaluronic acid. The enzymatically cross-linked injectable gels were prepared via the oxidative coupling of tyramine modified sodium algiante and sodium hyaluronate in the presence of horse radish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The composite gels were prepared by mixing equal parts of the two tyraminated polymer solutions in 10U HRP and treating with 1.0% H2O2. The properties of the alginate gels were significantly affected by the addition of hyaluronic acid. The percentage water absorption and storage modulus of the composite gels were found to be lower than the alginate gels. The alginate and composite gels showed lower protein release compared to hyaluronate gels in the absence of hyaluronidase. Even hyaluronate gels showed only approximately 10% protein release after 14 days incubation in phosphate buffer solution. ATDC-5 cells encapsulated in the injectable gels showed high cell viability. The composite gels showed the presence of enlarged spherical cells with significantly higher metabolic activity compared to cells in hyaluronic and alginic acid gels. The results suggest the potential of the composite approach to develop covalently cross-linked hydrogels with tuneable physical, mechanical, and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitya Ganesh
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
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