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Andresen S, Ahmad Basri AB. Diatom-Inspired Structural Adaptation According to Mode Shapes: A Study on 3D Structures and Software Tools. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:241. [PMID: 38667252 PMCID: PMC11047921 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diatoms captivate both biologists and engineers with their remarkable mechanical properties and lightweight design principles inherent in their shells. Recent studies have indicated that diatom frustules possess optimized shapes that align with vibrational modes, suggesting an inherent adaptation to vibratory loads. The mode shape adaptation method is known to significantly alter eigenfrequencies of 1D and 2D structures to prevent undesired vibration amplitudes. Leveraging this insight, the diatom-inspired approach to deform structures according to mode shapes was extended to different complex 3D structures, demonstrating a significant enhancement in eigenfrequencies with distinct mode shapes. Through extensive parameter studies, frequency increases exceeding 200% were obtained, showcasing the method's effectiveness. In the second study part, the studied method was integrated into a user-friendly, low-code software facilitating swift and automated structural adjustments for eigenfrequency optimization. The created software tools, encompassing various components, were successfully tested on the example structures demonstrating the versatility and practicality of implementing biomimetic strategies in engineering designs. Thus, the present investigation does not only highlight the noteworthiness of the structural adaptation method inspired by diatoms in maximizing eigenfrequencies, but also originate software tools permitting different users to easily apply the method to distinct structures that have to be optimized, e.g., lightweight structures in the mobility or aerospace industry that are susceptible toward vibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Andresen
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;
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Andresen S, Linnemann SK, Ahmad Basri AB, Savysko O, Hamm C. Natural Frequencies of Diatom Shells: Alteration of Eigenfrequencies Using Structural Patterns Inspired by Diatoms. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:85. [PMID: 38392131 PMCID: PMC10887129 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Diatoms have delicate and complex shells showing different lightweight design principles that have already been applied to technical products improving the mechanical properties. In addition, diatom inspired structures are expected to significantly affect the vibration characteristics, i.e., the eigenfrequencies. Directed eigenfrequency shifts are of great interest for many technical applications to prevent undesired high vibration amplitudes. Therefore, numerous complex diatom inspired dome structures primarily based on combs, ribs, and bulging patterns were constructed and their eigenfrequencies were numerically studied. Different structural patterns were identified to significantly affect eigenfrequencies. The results were compared to dome structures equipped with rib patterns in combination with a common structural optimization tool. The study indicates that a combination of (1) selecting diatom inspired structural patterns that strongly affect eigenfrequencies, and (2) adapting them to the boundary conditions of the technical problem is an efficient method to design diatom inspired lightweight solutions with high eigenfrequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Andresen
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Selina K Linnemann
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ahmad Burhani Ahmad Basri
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Savysko
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Christian Hamm
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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Ma Y, Guo C, Shen J, Wang Y. Analysis of the topological motifs of the cellular structure of the tri-spine horseshoe crab ( Tachypleus tridentatus) and its associated mechanical properties. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2022; 17:066013. [PMID: 36103869 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ac9207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Topological motifs in pore architecture can profoundly influence the structural properties of that architecture, such as its mass, porosity, modulus, strength, and surface permeability. Taking the irregular cellular structure of the tri-spine horseshoe crab as a research model, we present a new approach to the quantitative description and analysis of structure-property-function relationships. We employ a robust skeletonization method to construct a curve-skeleton that relies on high-resolution 3D tomographic data. The topological motifs and mechanical properties of the long-range cellular structure were investigated using the Grasshopper plugin and uniaxial compression test to identify the variation gradient. Finite element analysis was conducted for the sub-volumes to obtain the variation in effective modulus along the three principal directions. The results show that the branch length and node distribution density varied from the tip to the base of the sharp corner. These node types formed a low-connectivity network, in which the node types 3-N and 4-N tended to follow the motifs of ideal planar triangle and tetrahedral configurations, respectively, with the highest proportion of inter-branch angles in the angle ranges of 115-120° and 105-110°. In addition, mapping the mechanical gradients to topological properties indicated that narrower profiles with a given branch length gradient, preferred branch orientation, and network connectedness degree are the main factors that affect the mechanical properties. These factors suggest significant potential for designing a controllable, irregularly cellular structure in terms of both morphology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaopeng Ma
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Bio-Inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ce Guo
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Bio-Inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Shen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Bio-Inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Bio-Inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
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Investigating the Morphology and Mechanics of Biogenic Hierarchical Materials at and below Micrometer Scale. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091549. [PMID: 35564259 PMCID: PMC9102398 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Investigating and understanding the intrinsic material properties of biogenic materials, which have evolved over millions of years into admirable structures with difficult to mimic hierarchical levels, holds the potential of replacing trial-and-error-based materials optimization in our efforts to make synthetic materials of similarly advanced complexity and properties. An excellent example is biogenic silica which is found in the exoskeleton of unicellular photosynthetic algae termed diatoms. Because of the complex micro- and nanostructures found in their exoskeleton, determining the intrinsic mechanical properties of biosilica in diatoms has only partly been accomplished. Here, a general method is presented in which a combination of in situ deformation tests inside an SEM with a realistic 3D model of the frustule of diatom Craspedostauros sp. (C. sp.) obtained by electron tomography, alongside finite element method (FEM) simulations, enables quantification of the Young’s modulus (E = 2.3 ± 0.1 GPa) of this biogenic hierarchical silica. The workflow presented can be readily extended to other diatom species, biominerals, or even synthetic hierarchical materials.
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Diploneis serrata (Bacillariophyceae): The use of structural mechanistic analysis to resolve morphological classification and molecular identification of a new record diatom species from Kenting, Taiwan. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3D Diatom-Designed and Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Manufactured Metallic Structures. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19777. [PMID: 31875023 PMCID: PMC6930212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diatom frustules, with their diverse three-dimensional regular silica structures and nano- to micrometer dimensions, represent perfect model systems for biomimetic fabrication of materials and devices. The structure of a frustule of the diatom Didymosphenia geminata was nondestructively visualized using nano X-ray computed tomography (XCT) and transferred into a CAD file for the first time. Subsequently, this CAD file was used as the input for an engineered object, which was manufactured by applying an additive manufacturing technique (3D Selective Laser Melting, SLM) and using titanium powder. The self-similarity of the natural and the engineered objects was verified using nano and micro XCT. The biomimetic approach described in this paper is a proof-of-concept for future developments in the scaling-up of manufacturing based on special properties of microorganisms.
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Valentin V, Frédéric R, Isabelle D, Olivier M, Yorick R, Agnès B. Assessing pollution of aquatic environments with diatoms’ DNA metabarcoding: experience and developments from France water framework directive networks. METABARCODING AND METAGENOMICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/mbmg.3.39646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological status assessment of watercourses is based on the calculation of quality indices using pollution sensitivity of targeted biological groups, including diatoms. The determination and quantification of diatom species is generally based on microscopic morphological identification, which requires expertise and is time-consuming and costly. In Europe, this morphological approach is legally imposed by standards and regulatory decrees by the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Over the past decade, a DNA-based molecular biology approach has newly been developed to identify species based on genetic criteria rather than morphological ones (i.e. DNA metabarcoding). In combination with high throughput sequencing technologies, metabarcoding makes it possible both to identify all species present in an environmental sample and to process several hundred samples in parallel. This article presents the results of two recent studies carried out on the WFD networks of rivers of Mayotte (2013–2018) and metropolitan France (2016–2018). These studies aimed at testing the potential application of metabarcoding for biomonitoring in the context of the WFD. We discuss the various methodological developments and optimisations that have been made to make the taxonomic inventories of diatoms produced by metabarcoding more reliable, particularly in terms of species quantification. We present the results of the application of this DNA approach on more than 500 river sites, comparing them with those obtained using the standardised morphological method. Finally, we discuss the potential of metabarcoding for routine application, its limits of application and propose some recommendations for future implementation in WFD.
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Huang W, Restrepo D, Jung JY, Su FY, Liu Z, Ritchie RO, McKittrick J, Zavattieri P, Kisailus D. Multiscale Toughening Mechanisms in Biological Materials and Bioinspired Designs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901561. [PMID: 31268207 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological materials found in Nature such as nacre and bone are well recognized as light-weight, strong, and tough structural materials. The remarkable toughness and damage tolerance of such biological materials are conferred through hierarchical assembly of their multiscale (i.e., atomic- to macroscale) architectures and components. Herein, the toughening mechanisms of different organisms at multilength scales are identified and summarized: macromolecular deformation, chemical bond breakage, and biomineral crystal imperfections at the atomic scale; biopolymer fibril reconfiguration/deformation and biomineral nanoparticle/nanoplatelet/nanorod translation, and crack reorientation at the nanoscale; crack deflection and twisting by characteristic features such as tubules and lamellae at the microscale; and structure and morphology optimization at the macroscale. In addition, the actual loading conditions of the natural organisms are different, leading to energy dissipation occurring at different time scales. These toughening mechanisms are further illustrated by comparing the experimental results with computational modeling. Modeling methods at different length and time scales are reviewed. Examples of biomimetic designs that realize the multiscale toughening mechanisms in engineering materials are introduced. Indeed, there is still plenty of room mimicking the strong and tough biological designs at the multilength and time scale in Nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - David Restrepo
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Jae-Young Jung
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Frances Y Su
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Zengqian Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Fatigue and Fracture Division, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Joanna McKittrick
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Pablo Zavattieri
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - David Kisailus
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Stock W, Pinseel E, De Decker S, Sefbom J, Blommaert L, Chepurnova O, Sabbe K, Vyverman W. Expanding the toolbox for cryopreservation of marine and freshwater diatoms. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29523856 PMCID: PMC5844899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diatoms constitute the most diverse group of microalgae and have long been recognised for their large biotechnological potential. In the wake of growing research interest in new model species and development of commercial applications, there is a pressing need for long-term preservation of diatom strains. While cryopreservation using dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as a cryoprotective agent is the preferred method for long-term strain preservation, many diatom species cannot be successfully cryopreserved using DMSO. Therefore, in this study, we studied cryopreservation success in six different diatom species, representing the major morphological and ecological diatom groups, using a range of DMSO concentrations and Plant Vitrification Solution 2 (PVS2) as an alternative cryoprotectant to DMSO. In addition, we tested whether suppressing bacterial growth by antibiotics accelerates the post-thaw recovery process. Our results show that the effects of cryoprotectant choice, its concentration and the addition of antibiotics are highly species specific. In addition, we showed that PVS2 and antibiotics are useful agents to optimize cryopreservation of algae that cannot survive the traditional cryopreservation protocol using DMSO. We conclude that a species-specific approach will remain necessary to develop protocols for diatom cryopreservation and to increase their representation in public culture collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Stock
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eveline Pinseel
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Bryophyta and Thallophyta, Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, B-1860, Meise, Belgium.,Ecosystem Management Research Group (ECOBE), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sam De Decker
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Josefin Sefbom
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lander Blommaert
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (IBPC), UMR 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Olga Chepurnova
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Sabbe
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Vyverman
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Gutiérrez A, Guney MG, Fedder GK, Dávila LP. The role of hierarchical design and morphology in the mechanical response of diatom-inspired structures via simulation. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:146-153. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00649g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel path towards the design and fabrication of diatom-inspired hierarchical microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gutiérrez
- Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Engineering
- University of California Merced
- Merced
- USA
| | - Metin G. Guney
- Electrical and Computer Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Carnegie Mellon University
- USA
| | - Gary K. Fedder
- Electrical and Computer Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Carnegie Mellon University
- USA
- The Robotics Institute
| | - Lilian P. Dávila
- Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Engineering
- University of California Merced
- Merced
- USA
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11
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De Tommasi E, Gielis J, Rogato A. Diatom Frustule Morphogenesis and Function: a Multidisciplinary Survey. Mar Genomics 2017; 35:1-18. [PMID: 28734733 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms represent the major component of phytoplankton and are responsible for about 20-25% of global primary production. Hundreds of millions of years of evolution led to tens of thousands of species differing in dimensions and morphologies. In particular, diatom porous silica cell walls, the frustules, are characterized by an extraordinary, species-specific diversity. It is of great interest, among the marine biologists and geneticists community, to shed light on the origin and evolutionary advantage of this variability of dimensions, geometries and pore distributions. In the present article the main reported data related to frustule morphogenesis and functionalities with contributions from fundamental biology, genetics, mathematics, geometry and physics are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo De Tommasi
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Johan Gielis
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy.
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