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Kurtz SM, Holyoak DT, Trebše R, Randau TM, Porporati AA, Siskey RL. Ceramic Wear Particles: Can They Be Retrieved In Vivo and Duplicated In Vitro? J Arthroplasty 2023; 38:1869-1876. [PMID: 36966889 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about retrieved zirconia platelet toughened alumina (ZPTA) wear particles from ceramic-on-ceramic (COC) total hip arthroplasty. Our objectives were to evaluate clinically retrieved wear particles from explanted periprosthetic hip tissues and to analyze the characteristics of in vitro-generated ZPTA wear particles. METHODS Periprosthetic tissue and explants were received for 3 patients who underwent a total hip replacement of ZPTA COC head and liner. Wear particles were isolated and characterized via scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The ZPTA and control (highly cross-linked polyethylene and cobalt chromium alloy) were then generated in vitro using a hip simulator and pin-on-disc testing, respectively. Particles were assessed in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials F1877. RESULTS Minimal ceramic particles were identified in the retrieved tissue, consistent with the retrieved components demonstrating minimal abrasive wear with material transfer. Average particle diameter from in vitro studies was 292 nm for ZPTA, 190 nm for highly cross-linked polyethylene, and 201 nm for cobalt chromium alloy. CONCLUSION The minimal number of in vivo ZPTA wear particles observed is consistent with the successful tribological history of COC total hip arthroplasties. Due to the relatively few ceramic particles located in the retrieved tissue, in part due to implantation times of 3 to 6 years, a statistical comparison was unable to be made between the in vivo particles and the in vitro-generated ZPTA particles. However, the study provided further insight into the size and morphological characteristics of ZPTA particles generated from clinically relevant in vitro test setups.
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Stratton-Powell AA, Williams S, Tipper JL, Redmond AC, Brockett CL. Isolation and characterisation of wear debris surrounding failed total ankle replacements. Acta Biomater 2023; 159:410-422. [PMID: 36736850 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aseptic loosening and osteolysis continue to be a short- to mid-term problem for total ankle replacement (TAR) devices. The production of wear particles may contribute to poor performance, but their characteristics are not well understood. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition, size and morphology of wear particles surrounding failed TARs. A recently developed wear particle isolation method capable of isolating both high- and low-density materials was applied to 20 retrieved periprosthetic tissue samples from 15 failed TARs of three different brands. Isolated particles were imaged using ultra-high-resolution imaging and characterised manually to determine their chemical composition, size, and morphology. Six different materials were identified, which included: UHMWPE, calcium phosphate (CaP), cobalt chromium alloy (CoCr), commercially pure titanium, titanium alloy and stainless steel. Eighteen of the 20 samples contained three or more different wear particle material types. In addition to sub-micron UHMWPE particles, which were present in all samples, elongated micron-sized shards of CaP and flakes of CoCr were commonly isolated from tissues surrounding AES TARs. The mixed particles identified in this study demonstrate the existence of a complex periprosthetic environment surrounding TAR devices. The presence of such particles suggests that early failure of devices may be due in part to the multifaceted biological cascade that ensues after particle release. This study could be used to support the validation of clinically-relevant wear simulator testing, pre-clinical assessment of fixation wear and biological response studies to improve the performance of next generation ankle replacement devices. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Total ankle replacement devices do not perform as well as total hip and knee replacements, which is in part due to the relatively poor scientific understanding of how they fail. The excessive production of certain types of wear debris is known to contribute to joint replacement failure. This is the first study to successfully isolate and characterise high- and low-density wear particles from tissues collected from patients with a failed total ankle replacement. This article includes the chemical composition and characteristics of the wear debris generated by ankle devices, all of which may affect their performance. This research provides clinically relevant reference values and images to support the development of pre-clinical testing for future total ankle replacement designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Stratton-Powell
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Sophie Williams
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Joanne L Tipper
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, Australia
| | - Anthony C Redmond
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Leeds Institute for Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Claire L Brockett
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
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Stratton‐Powell AA, Williams S, Tipper JL, Redmond AC, Brockett CL. Mixed material wear particle isolation from periprosthetic tissue surrounding total joint replacements. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:2276-2289. [PMID: 35532138 PMCID: PMC9540445 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A. Stratton‐Powell
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Sophie Williams
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Joanne L. Tipper
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering University of Leeds Leeds UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering University of Technology Sydney Ultimo New South Wales Australia
| | - Anthony C. Redmond
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds UK
- Leeds Institute for Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Claire L. Brockett
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering University of Leeds Leeds UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds UK
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Zhang T, Zhang D, Liu H, Chen K. Quantitative analysis and degradation mechanisms of different protein degradation methods. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:1034-1043. [PMID: 34842354 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The abrasive debris produced by wear test of artificial joints in vitro is encapsulated by proteins in serum lubricants, which hinder the characterization of debris analysis. One of the key issues of isolating wear debris from serum is degrading the proteins wrapping the wear debris. In this article, the proteins in calf serum were degraded by a strong alkali, a strong acid, and an enzyme. The residual concentration of proteins in calf serum was detected by UV absorption. Quantitative analysis of protein degradation and the protein degradation rate was proposed, following treatment with different degradation reagents and different incubation times. The results showed that when 10 mL of 25% volume calf serum was added with 40 mL of NaOH and incubated at 65°C for 24 h, the protein degradation rate reached a maximum of 95.52%. The protein degradation rate in the solution ranged from 31.86% to 71.64% when a different volume of 37% HCl was added and incubated at 60°C. The highest protein degradation rate was 94.98% in the protease degradation solution. When the protein degradation rate is less than 70%, the particles were coated by protein. When the protein degradation rate was more than 95%, there was no protein coating around the particles. The three protein degradation methods have different processes and protein degradation rates. A suitable method for protein degradation can be selected according to these practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dekun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
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Detection of gold cysteine thiolate complexes on gold nanoparticles with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Biointerphases 2021; 16:021005. [PMID: 33810641 DOI: 10.1116/6.0000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in nanomedical applications as a carrier for molecules designed for different functionalities. Previous findings suggested that biological molecules, including amino acids, could contribute to the dissolution of Au NPs in physiological environments and that this phenomenon was size-dependent. We, therefore, investigated the interactions of L-cysteine with 5-nm Au NPs by means of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). This was achieved by loading Au NPs on a clean aluminum (Al) foil and immersing it in an aqueous solution containing L-cysteine. Upon rinsing off the excessive cysteine molecules, ToF-SIMS confirmed the formation of gold cysteine thiolate via the detection of not only the Au-S bond but also the hydrogenated gold cysteine thiolate molecular ion. The presence of NaCl or a 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid buffer disabled the detection of Au NPs on the Al foil. The detection of larger (50-nm) Au NPs was possible but resulted in weaker cysteine and gold signals, and no detected gold cysteine thiolate signals. Nano-gold specific adsorption of L-cysteine was also demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry using paraffine-impregnated graphite electrodes with deposited Au NPs. We demonstrate that the superior chemical selectivity and surface sensitivity of ToF-SIMS, via detection of elemental and molecular species, provide a unique ability to identify the adsorption of cysteine and formation of gold-cysteine bonds on Au NPs.
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Abdolahpur Monikh F, Chupani L, Vijver MG, Vancová M, Peijnenburg WJGM. Analytical approaches for characterizing and quantifying engineered nanoparticles in biological matrices from an (eco)toxicological perspective: old challenges, new methods and techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:1283-1293. [PMID: 30743923 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To promote the safer by design strategy and assess environmental risks of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), it is essential to understand the fate of ENPs within organisms. This understanding in living organisms is limited by challenges in characterizing and quantifying ENPs in biological media. Relevant literature in this area is scattered across research from the past decade or so, and it consists mostly of medically oriented studies. This review first introduces those modern techniques and methods that can be used to extract, characterize, and quantify ENPs in biological matrices for (eco)toxicological purposes. It then summarizes recent research developments within those areas most relevant to the context and field that are the subject of this review paper. These comprise numerous in-situ techniques and some ex-situ techniques. The former group includes techniques allowing to observe specimens in their natural hydrated state (e.g., scanning electron microscopy working in cryo mode and high-pressure freezing) and microscopy equipped with elemental microanalysis (e.g., energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy); two-photon laser and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy; absorption-edge synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography; and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The latter group includes asymmetric flow field flow fractionation coupled with ICP-MS and single particle-ICP-MS. Our review found that most of the evidence gathered for ENPs actually focused on a few metal-based ENPs and carbon nanotube and points to total mass concentration but no other particles properties, such as size and number. Based on the obtained knowledge, we developed and presented a decision scheme and analytical toolbox to help orient scientists toward selecting appropriate ways for investigating the (eco)toxicity of ENPs that are consistent with their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazel Abdolahpur Monikh
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300, RA, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Latifeh Chupani
- South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300, RA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marie Vancová
- Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300, RA, Leiden, Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, Netherlands
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Abstract
Silicon nitride (SiNx) coatings are currently under investigation as bearing surfaces for joint implants, due to their low wear rate and the good biocompatibility of both coatings and their potential wear debris. The aim of this study was to move further towards functional SiNx coatings by evaluating coatings deposited onto CoCrMo surfaces with a CrN interlayer, using different bias voltages and substrate rotations. Reactive direct current magnetron sputtering was used to coat CoCrMo discs with a CrN interlayer, followed by a SiNx top layer, which was deposited by reactive high-power impulse magnetron sputtering. The interlayer was deposited using negative bias voltages ranging between 100 and 900 V, and 1-fold or 3-fold substrate rotation. Scanning electron microscopy showed a dependence of coating morphology on substrate rotation. The N/Si ratio ranged from 1.10 to 1.25, as evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Vertical scanning interferometry revealed that the coated, unpolished samples had a low average surface roughness between 16 and 33 nm. Rockwell indentations showed improved coating adhesion when a low bias voltage of 100 V was used to deposit the CrN interlayer. Wear tests performed in a reciprocating manner against Si3N4 balls showed specific wear rates lower than, or similar to that of CoCrMo. The study suggests that low negative bias voltages may contribute to a better performance of SiNx coatings in terms of adhesion. The low wear rates found in the current study support further development of silicon nitride-based coatings towards clinical application.
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Patel J, Lal S, Wilshaw SP, Hall RM, Tipper JL. Recovery rate data for silicon nitride nanoparticle isolation using sodium polytungstate density gradients. Data Brief 2018; 19:1474-1476. [PMID: 30229019 PMCID: PMC6141149 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The average recovery rate of silicon nitride nanoparticles isolated from serum using the method detailed in previous article “A novel method for isolation and recovery of ceramic nanoparticles and metal wear debris from serum lubricants at ultra-low wear rate” (Lal et al., 2016) [1] was tested gravimetrically by weighing particles doped into serum before and after the isolation process. An average recovery rate of approximately 89.6% (± 7.1 SD) was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Patel
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | - S Lal
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | - S P Wilshaw
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | - R M Hall
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK
| | - J L Tipper
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK.,School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK
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Patel J, Lal S, Wilshaw SP, Hall RM, Tipper JL. Development and optimisation data of a tissue digestion method for the isolation of orthopaedic wear particles. Data Brief 2018; 20:173-177. [PMID: 30109251 PMCID: PMC6090007 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The data contained within this article relate to several enzymatic tissue digestion experiments which were performed to produce an optimised protocol for the digestion of tissue samples. The digestion experiments involved a total of four different digestion protocols. The first protocol involved digestion with proteinase K, without the use of glycine. The second protocol involved digestion with proteinase K in the presence of glycine. The third protocol consisted of proteinase K digestion in the presence of glycine, with more frequent enzyme replenishment. The final protocol was similar to the third protocol but included a papain digestion stage prior to digestion with proteinase K. The data contained within this article are photographs of tissue samples which were captured at key stages of the four protocols and written descriptions based on visual observation of the tissue samples, which document the appearance of the tissue digests.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Patel
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | - S Lal
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | - S P Wilshaw
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | - R M Hall
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK
| | - J L Tipper
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK.,School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK
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Patel J, Lal S, Nuss K, Wilshaw S, von Rechenberg B, Hall R, Tipper J. Recovery of low volumes of wear debris from rat stifle joint tissues using a novel particle isolation method. Acta Biomater 2018; 71:339-350. [PMID: 29505889 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Less than optimal particle isolation techniques have impeded analysis of orthopaedic wear debris in vivo. The purpose of this research was to develop and test an improved method for particle isolation from tissue. A volume of 0.018 mm3 of clinically relevant CoCrMo, Ti-6Al-4V or Si3N4 particles was injected into rat stifle joints for seven days of in vivo exposure. Following sacrifice, particles were located within tissues using histology. The particles were recovered by enzymatic digestion of periarticular tissue with papain and proteinase K, followed by ultracentrifugation using a sodium polytungstate density gradient. Particles were recovered from all samples, observed using SEM and the particle composition was verified using EDX, which demonstrated that all isolated particles were free from contamination. Particle size, aspect ratio and circularity were measured using image analysis software. There were no significant changes to the measured parameters of CoCrMo or Si3N4 particles before and after the recovery process (KS tests, p > 0.05). Titanium particles were too few before and after isolation to analyse statistically, though size and morphologies were similar. Overall the method demonstrated a significant improvement to current particle isolation methods from tissue in terms of sensitivity and efficacy at removal of protein, and has the potential to be used for the isolation of ultra-low wearing total joint replacement materials from periprosthetic tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This research presents a novel method for the isolation of wear particles from tissue. Methodology outlined in this work would be a valuable resource for future researchers wishing to isolate particles from tissues, either as part of preclinical testing, or from explants from patients for diagnostic purposes. It is increasingly recognised that analysis of wear particles is critical to evaluating the safety of an orthopaedic device.
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Lal S, Hall RM, Tipper JL. Concentration and size distribution data of silicon nitride nanoparticles measured using nanoparticle tracking analysis. Data Brief 2017; 15:821-823. [PMID: 29159219 PMCID: PMC5675993 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This article refers to the paper "A novel method for isolation and recovery of ceramic nanoparticles and metal wear debris from serum lubricants at ultra-low wear rates" (Lal et al., 2016) [1] and describes the concentration and size distribution data of silicon nitride nanoparticles measured using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). A NanoSight LM10 instrument was used to capture the video data of silicon nitride nanoparticles moving under Brownian motion in the water. The video data was then analyzed using the NanoSight NTA software. This article also describes a methodology for calculating the percentage recovery of a nanoparticle isolation process.
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