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Ansoms P, Barzegari M, Vander Sloten J, Geris L. Coupling biomechanical models of implants with biodegradation models: A case study for biodegradable mandibular bone fixation plates. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 147:106120. [PMID: 37757617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In fracture fixation, biodegradable implant materials are an interesting alternative to conventional non-biodegradable materials as the latter often require a second implant removal surgery to avoid long-term complications. In this study, we present an in silico strategy to design/study biodegradable metal implants focusing on mandibular fracture fixation plates of WE43 (Mg alloy). The in silico strategy is composed of an orchestrated interaction between three separate computational models. The first model simulates the mass loss of the degradable implant based on the chemistry of Mg biodegradation. A second model estimates the loading on the jaw plate in the physiological environment, incorporating a phenomenological dynamic bone regeneration process. The third model characterizes the mechanical behavior of the jaw plate and the influence of material degradation on the mechanical behavior. A sensitivity analysis was performed on parameters related to choices regarding numerical implementation and parameter dependencies were implemented to guarantee robust and correct results. Different clinical scenarios were tested, related to the amount of screws used to fix the plate. The results showed a lower initial strength when more screw holes were left open, as well as a faster decrease over time in strength due to the increased area available for surface degradation. The obtained degradation results were found to be in accordance with previously reported data of in vivo studies with biodegradable plates. The combination of these three models allows for the design of patient-specific biodegradable fixation implants able to deliver the desired mechanical behavior tuned to the bone regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Ansoms
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mojtaba Barzegari
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jos Vander Sloten
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA in Silico Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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Hassan N, Krieg T, Zinser M, Schröder K, Kröger N. An Overview of Scaffolds and Biomaterials for Skin Expansion and Soft Tissue Regeneration: Insights on Zinc and Magnesium as New Potential Key Elements. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3854. [PMID: 37835903 PMCID: PMC10575381 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of materials in medical implants, serving as substitutes for non-functional biological structures, supporting damaged tissues, or reinforcing active organs, holds significant importance in modern healthcare, positively impacting the quality of life for millions of individuals worldwide. However, certain implants may only be required temporarily to aid in the healing process of diseased or injured tissues and tissue expansion. Biodegradable metals, including zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), iron, and others, present a new paradigm in the realm of implant materials. Ongoing research focuses on developing optimized materials that meet medical standards, encompassing controllable corrosion rates, sustained mechanical stability, and favorable biocompatibility. Achieving these objectives involves refining alloy compositions and tailoring processing techniques to carefully control microstructures and mechanical properties. Among the materials under investigation, Mg- and Zn-based biodegradable materials and their alloys demonstrate the ability to provide necessary support during tissue regeneration while gradually degrading over time. Furthermore, as essential elements in the human body, Mg and Zn offer additional benefits, including promoting wound healing, facilitating cell growth, and participating in gene generation while interacting with various vital biological functions. This review provides an overview of the physiological function and significance for human health of Mg and Zn and their usage as implants in tissue regeneration using tissue scaffolds. The scaffold qualities, such as biodegradation, mechanical characteristics, and biocompatibility, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Hassan
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Translational Matrix Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Max Zinser
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Department for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kai Schröder
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nadja Kröger
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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3
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Kovacevic S, Ali W, Martínez-Pañeda E, LLorca J. Phase-field modeling of pitting and mechanically-assisted corrosion of Mg alloys for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 2023; 164:641-658. [PMID: 37068554 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
A phase-field model is developed to simulate the corrosion of Mg alloys in body fluids. The model incorporates both Mg dissolution and the transport of Mg ions in solution, naturally predicting the transition from activation-controlled to diffusion-controlled bio-corrosion. In addition to uniform corrosion, the presented framework captures pitting corrosion and accounts for the synergistic effect of aggressive environments and mechanical loading in accelerating corrosion kinetics. The model applies to arbitrary 2D and 3D geometries with no special treatment for the evolution of the corrosion front, which is described using a diffuse interface approach. Experiments are conducted to validate the model and a good agreement is attained against in vitro measurements on Mg wires. The potential of the model to capture mechano-chemical effects during corrosion is demonstrated in case studies considering Mg wires in tension and bioabsorbable coronary Mg stents subjected to mechanical loading. The proposed methodology can be used to assess the in vitro and in vivo service life of Mg-based biomedical devices and optimize the design taking into account the effect of mechanical deformation on the corrosion rate. The model has the potential to advocate further development of Mg alloys as a biodegradable implant material for biomedical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A physically-based model is developed to simulate the corrosion of bioabsorbable metals in environments that resemble biological fluids. The model captures pitting corrosion and incorporates the role of mechanical fields in enhancing the corrosion of bioabsorbable metals. Model predictions are validated against dedicated in vitro corrosion experiments on Mg wires. The potential of the model to capture mechano-chemical effects is demonstrated in representative examples. The simulations show that the presence of mechanical fields leads to the formation of cracks accelerating the failure of Mg wires, whereas pitting severely compromises the structural integrity of coronary Mg stents. This work extends phase-field modeling to bioengineering and provides a mechanistic tool for assessing the service life of bioabsorbable metallic biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Kovacevic
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Wahaaj Ali
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe 28906, Madrid, Spain; Department of Material Science and Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes 28911, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Martínez-Pañeda
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Javier LLorca
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe 28906, Madrid, Spain; Department of Materials Science, Polytechnic University of Madrid, E. T. S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Ali W, Echeverry-Rendón M, Dominguez G, van Gaalen K, Kopp A, González C, LLorca J. Bioabsorbable WE43 Mg alloy wires modified by continuous plasma electrolytic oxidation for implant applications. Part II: Degradation and biological performance. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 147:213325. [PMID: 36764199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The corrosion, mechanical degradation and biological performance of cold-drawn WE43 Mg wires were analyzed as a function of thermo-mechanical processing and the presence of a protective oxide layer created by continuous plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). It was found that the corrosion properties of the non-surface-treated wire could be optimized by means of thermal treatment within certain limits, but the corrosion rate remained very high. Hence, strength and ductility of these wires vanished after 24 h of immersion in simulated body fluid at 37 °C and, as a result of that rather quick degradation, direct tests did not show any MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cell attachment on the surface of the Mg wires. In contrast, surface modification of the annealed WE43 Mg wires by a continuous PEO process led to the formation of a homogeneous oxide layer of ≈8 μm and significantly improved the corrosion resistance and hence the biocompatibility of the WE43 Mg wires. It was found that a dense layer of Ca/P was formed at the early stages of degradation on top of the Mg(OH)2 layer and hindered the diffusion of the Cl- ions which dissolve Mg(OH)2 and accelerate the corrosion of Mg alloys. As a result, pitting corrosion was suppressed and the strength of the Mg wires was above 100 MPa after 96 h of immersion in simulated body fluid at 37 °C. Moreover, many cells were able to attach on the surface of the PEO surface-modified wires during cell culture testing. These results demonstrate the potential of thin Mg wires surface-modified by continuous PEO in terms of mechanical, degradation and biological performance for bioabsorbable wire-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahaaj Ali
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, 28906, Getafe, Madrid, Spain; Departament of Material Science and Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Madrid 28911, Spain; Meotec GmbH, Philipsstr. 8, 52068 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Guillermo Dominguez
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, 28906, Getafe, Madrid, Spain; Department of Materials Science, Polytechnic University of Madrid/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Kerstin van Gaalen
- Meotec GmbH, Philipsstr. 8, 52068 Aachen, Germany; Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Carlos González
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, 28906, Getafe, Madrid, Spain; Department of Materials Science, Polytechnic University of Madrid/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier LLorca
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, 28906, Getafe, Madrid, Spain; Department of Materials Science, Polytechnic University of Madrid/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Yang N, Venezuela J, Zhang J, Wang A, Almathami S, Dargusch M. Evolution of degradation mechanism and fixation strength of biodegradable Zn-Cu wire as sternum closure suture: An in vitro study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105658. [PMID: 36610283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the first in vitro study on the in-situ biodegradation behaviour and the evolution of fixation strength of Zn-Cu alloy wires in a simulated sternum closure environment. Zn-Cu wires were used to reapproximate the partial bisected sternum models, and their fixation effect was compared with traditional surgical grade 316 L stainless steel (SS) wires in terms of fixation rigidity, critical load, first/ultimate failure characteristics. The metal sutures were then immersed in Hank's balanced salt solution for 12 weeks immersion period, and their corrosion behaviours assessed. Zn-Cu wires showed similar fixation rigidity at 70.89 ± 6.97 N/mm as SS, but the critical load, first failure and ultimate failure characteristics were inferior to SS. The key challenges that limited the fixation effect of the Zn-Cu wires were poor mechanical strength, short elastic region, and strain softening behaviours, which resulted in poor load-bearing capabilities and reduced the knot security of the sutures. The in-situ biodegradation of the Zn-Cu suture was accompanied by the early onset of localised corrosion within the twisted knot and the section located next to the incision line. Crevice corrosion and strain-induced corrosion were the dominant mechanisms in the observed localised corrosion. The localised corrosion on the Zn-Cu sutures did not lead to a significant shift in fixation rigidity, critical load and the first failure characteristics. The findings suggest that the Zn-based biodegradable metallic wires could be a promising sternum closure suture material once the limitations in mechanical characteristics are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Queensland Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM) School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Advanced Engineering Building, Bld 49, The University of Queensland, Staff House Rd, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Venezuela
- Queensland Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM) School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Advanced Engineering Building, Bld 49, The University of Queensland, Staff House Rd, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jingqi Zhang
- Queensland Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM) School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Advanced Engineering Building, Bld 49, The University of Queensland, Staff House Rd, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Anguo Wang
- Queensland Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM) School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Advanced Engineering Building, Bld 49, The University of Queensland, Staff House Rd, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Sharifah Almathami
- Queensland Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM) School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Advanced Engineering Building, Bld 49, The University of Queensland, Staff House Rd, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew Dargusch
- Queensland Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM) School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Advanced Engineering Building, Bld 49, The University of Queensland, Staff House Rd, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Chen K, Ge W, Zhao L, Kong L, Yang H, Zhang X, Gu X, Zhu C, Fan Y. Endowing biodegradable Zinc implants with dual-function of antibacterial ability and osteogenic activity by micro-addition of Mg and Ag (≤ 0.1 wt.%). Acta Biomater 2023; 157:683-700. [PMID: 36521674 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Infection remains the devastating complications associated with surgical fixation of bones fractured during trauma. In this study, we report a low-alloyed Zn-Mg-Ag that simultaneously has optimized strength degeneration profiles during degradation, outstanding antibacterial efficacy and osteogenic activity. Our results showed that Zn-0.05Mg-0.1Ag alloy had favorable mechanical properties (UTS: 247.8 ± 1.6 MPa, Elong.: 35 ± 2.2 %) and presented a better hold of mechanical integrity than pure Zn during 28 days corrosion, 2.6 % vs. 18.7 % reduction. After one-year of natural aging, the alloy still preserved an elongation of 24.07 ± 3.84 %. As verified by microbial cultures, Zn-0.05Mg-0.1Ag alloy demonstrated high antibacterial performance against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, as well as antibiotic-resistant strains (MRSA) in vitro and in vivo due to the synergistic antibacterial actions of Zn2+ and Ag+. Meanwhile, Zn-Mg-Ag alloy also exhibited enhanced viability, osteogenic differentiation, and gene expressions of osteoblasts in vitro, as well as promoted osteogenic activity than pure Zn in the femoral condyle defect repair model. The co-releasing of Zn, Mg and Ag ions did not induce toxic side effects. Collectively, low alloyed Zn-0.05Mg-0.1Ag indicated long-lasting mechanical integrity during degradation, and presented the ability to synergistically inhibit bacteria and promote osteogenesis, possessing tremendous potential in treating implant-associated infections. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Infection after fracture fixation (IAFF) remains the most common and serious side effects of orthopedic surgery. Additionally, widespread antibiotic use contributes to the development of multi-drug resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which exacerbates IAFF treatment and prevention. IAFF treatment and prevention remain clinically challenging, so implants with dual antibacterial and osteogenic functions are in high demand. The antibacterial efficacy and osteogenic activity of low-alloyed Zn-Mg-Ag (≤0.1 wt.% Mg, Ag) alloys were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that micro addition of Mg and Ag could significantly improve osseointegration function, mechanical properties, and antibacterial performance. These quantification findings shed new light on the development and understanding of dual functional Zn-based orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wufei Ge
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lingtong Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xianzuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Xuenan Gu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China.
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
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7
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Joshi A, Dias GJ, Staiger MP. Surgically-induced deformation in biodegradable orthopaedic implant devices. Acta Biomater 2022; 154:667-675. [PMID: 36280030 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The biocompatibility and mechanical performance of biodegradable metals (e.g. magnesium, iron, and zinc-based alloys) in orthopaedic-targeted applications are contingent on limiting the rate of corrosion in vivo throughout the bone healing. Concurrently, the surgical procedure for the implantation of internal bone fixation devices may impart plastic deformation to the device, potentially altering the corrosion rate of the device. However, the potential effect of the surgical implantation procedure on the mechanochemical performance of metallic degradable orthopaedic devices in vivo remains largely unresolved. The objective of the present study is to develop a robust technique that permits the quantification of the strain introduced due to surgical implantation of degradable orthopaedic devices. Specifically, a novel combined experimental-modelling approach based on 3D laser scanning in situ and the finite element method is utilised to quantify the plastic strain introduced to a bone fixation plate following surgical implantation in a cadaveric porcine model where the plate is based on a ternary magnesium-zinc-calcium alloy (ZX10). The magnitude of plastic strains determined by the above approach for the Mg craniofacial miniplate confirms that the surgical procedure itself has the potential to enhance the corrosion rate of the Mg alloy in an accelerated and potentially localised manner. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biodegradable metallic orthopaedic implant devices have emerged as a potential alternative to permanent implants, although successful adoption is contingent on achieving an acceptable degradation profile. Plastic strain that is introduced to the device during surgical implantation may influence the resulting degradation behaviour of the implant. In the present work, 3D laser scanning is combined with computer simulation to estimate the level and distribution of surgically-induced plastic strain in a magnesium alloy (ZX10). Subsequently, clinically-relevant pre-strain is shown to influence the rate of corrosion of ZX10 in vitro, indicating the value of such an approach in the design of biodegradable metallic devices under multiaxial loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Joshi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - George J Dias
- Department of Anatomy, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mark P Staiger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Merson E, Poluyanov V, Myagkikh P, Merson D, Vinogradov A. Effect of Air Storage on Stress Corrosion Cracking of ZK60 Alloy Induced by Preliminary Immersion in NaCl-Based Corrosion Solution. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7862. [PMID: 36363456 PMCID: PMC9657993 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The preliminary exposure of Mg alloys to corrosion solutions can cause their embrittlement. The phenomenon is referred to as pre-exposure stress corrosion cracking (PESCC). It has been reported that relatively long storage in air after pre-exposure to the corrosion solution is capable of eliminating PESCC. This effect was attributed to the egress of diffusible hydrogen that accumulated in the metal during pre-exposure. However, recent findings challenged this viewpoint and suggested that the corrosion solution retained within the side surface layer of corrosion products could be responsible for PESCC. The present study is aimed at the clarification of the role of hydrogen and the corrosion solution sealed within the corrosion products in the "healing" effect caused by post-exposure storage in air. Using the slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) testing in air and detailed fractographic analysis of the ZK60 specimens subjected to the liquid corrosion followed by storage in air, we found that PESCC was gradually reduced and finally suppressed with the increasing time and temperature of air storage. The complete elimination of PESCC accompanied by recovery of elongation to failure from 20% to 38% was achieved after 24 h of air storage at 150-200 °C. It is established that the characteristic PESCC zone on the fracture surface is composed of two regions, of which the first is always covered by the crust of corrosion products, whereas the second one is free of corrosion products and is characterised by quasi-brittle morphology. It is argued that the corrosion solution and hydrogen stored within the corrosion product layer are responsible for the formation of these two zones, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy Merson
- Institute of Advanced Technologies, Togliatti State University, 445020 Togliatti, Russia
| | - Vitaliy Poluyanov
- Institute of Advanced Technologies, Togliatti State University, 445020 Togliatti, Russia
| | - Pavel Myagkikh
- Institute of Advanced Technologies, Togliatti State University, 445020 Togliatti, Russia
| | - Dmitri Merson
- Institute of Advanced Technologies, Togliatti State University, 445020 Togliatti, Russia
| | - Alexei Vinogradov
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 4791 Trondheim, Norway
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9
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Liu Y, Du T, Qiao A, Mu Y, Yang H. Zinc-Based Biodegradable Materials for Orthopaedic Internal Fixation. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040164. [PMID: 36278633 PMCID: PMC9589944 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional inert materials used in internal fixation have caused many complications and generally require removal with secondary surgeries. Biodegradable materials, such as magnesium (Mg)-, iron (Fe)- and zinc (Zn)-based alloys, open up a new pathway to address those issues. During the last decades, Mg-based alloys have attracted much attention by researchers. However, the issues with an over-fast degradation rate and release of hydrogen still need to be overcome. Zn alloys have comparable mechanical properties with traditional metal materials, e.g., titanium (Ti), and have a moderate degradation rate, potentially serving as a good candidate for internal fixation materials, especially at load-bearing sites of the skeleton. Emerging Zn-based alloys and composites have been developed in recent years and in vitro and in vivo studies have been performed to explore their biodegradability, mechanical property, and biocompatibility in order to move towards the ultimate goal of clinical application in fracture fixation. This article seeks to offer a review of related research progress on Zn-based biodegradable materials, which may provide a useful reference for future studies on Zn-based biodegradable materials targeting applications in orthopedic internal fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Tianming Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Aike Qiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongliang Mu
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Haisheng Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(010)-6739-6657
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Vujović S, Desnica J, Stanišić D, Ognjanović I, Stevanovic M, Rosic G. Applications of Biodegradable Magnesium-Based Materials in Reconstructive Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175529. [PMID: 36080296 PMCID: PMC9457564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstruction of defects in the maxillofacial region following traumatic injuries, craniofacial deformities, defects from tumor removal, or infections in the maxillofacial area represents a major challenge for surgeons. Various materials have been studied for the reconstruction of defects in the maxillofacial area. Biodegradable metals have been widely researched due to their excellent biological properties. Magnesium (Mg) and Mg-based materials have been extensively studied for tissue regeneration procedures due to biodegradability, mechanical characteristics, osteogenic capacity, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties. The aim of this review was to analyze and discuss the applications of Mg and Mg-based materials in reconstructive oral and maxillofacial surgery in the fields of guided bone regeneration, dental implantology, fixation of facial bone fractures and soft tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Vujović
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jana Desnica
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Stanišić
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Irena Ognjanović
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Momir Stevanovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (G.R.); Tel.: +381-641-327752 (M.S.); +381-633-92812 (G.R.)
| | - Gvozden Rosic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (G.R.); Tel.: +381-641-327752 (M.S.); +381-633-92812 (G.R.)
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Cheng Z, Xu Y, Wang X, Xie Q, Liu H, Shao Y, Xia D, Chu C, Feng F, Bai J. Effect of Cu and Mg addition on the mechanical and degradation properties of Zn alloy wires. J Biomater Appl 2022; 37:891-902. [DOI: 10.1177/08853282221123934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Zn-xCu (-0.1 Mg) wires with a diameter of 0.3 mm were obtained by hot extrusion and cold drawing. The microstructures, mechanical properties, and degradation behaviour were investigated to evaluate their feasibility as biodegradable metals. During the drawing process of the Zn-xCu alloys, many granular CuZn5 phases were dynamically precipitated, and the grains were significantly refined, along with a significant work softening with the tensile strength decreasing and the elongation increasing (from 161 MPa to 92 MPa and 22%–103% for Zn-0.2Cu). With the increase of Cu additions, the phenomenon of work softening was more intense and there was an opposite trend in the strength changes between the as-extruded rods (increase) and as-drawn wires (decrease). With 0.1 wt.% Mg added, the stable rod-like Mg2Zn11 phase was formed in as-extruded Zn-xCu-0.1 Mg rods, which obviously improved the strength, and inhibited the dynamic precipitation of granular CuZn5 phase and work softening phenomenon in the drawing process (from 332 MPa to 313 MPa and 11%–46% for Zn-0.2Cu-0.1 Mg). In addition, due to the micro-galvanic effect induced by the precipitates, alloying accelerated the degradation of Zn alloy wires, especially Zn-1Cu-0.1 Mg, which was related to the shape, distribution, and potential of the phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Cheng
- Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Biomedical Devices (Suzhou), Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Huan Liu
- Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Biomedical Devices (Suzhou), Suzhou, China
| | - Dandan Xia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Feng Feng
- Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Biomedical Devices (Suzhou), Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Light Metal Alloys, Nanjing, China
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12
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Fabrication and characterization of biodegradable Zn-Cu-Mn alloy micro-tubes and vascular stents: microstructure, texture, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior. Acta Biomater 2022; 151:647-660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Yu C, Liu X, Zhang J, Chao Y, Jia X, Wang C, Wallace GG. A Battery Method to Enhance the Degradation of Iron Stent and Regulating the Effect on Living Cells. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200344. [PMID: 35689331 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron is a promising material for cardiovascular stent applications, however, the low biodegradation rate presents a challenge. Here, a dynamic method to improve the degradation rate of iron and simultaneously deliver electrical energy that could potentially inhibit cell proliferation on the device is reported. It is realized by pairing iron with a biocompatible hydrogel cathode in a cell culture media-based electrolyte forming an iron-air battery. This system does not show cytotoxicity to human adipose-stem cells over a period of 21 days but inhibits cell proliferation. The combination of enhanced iron degradation and inhibited cell proliferation by this dynamic method suggests it might be an approach for restenosis inhibition of biodegradable stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Yu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2500, Australia
| | - Xiao Liu
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2500, Australia
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Chao
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2500, Australia
| | - Xiaoteng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2500, Australia
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2500, Australia
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14
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Dargusch MS, Balasubramani N, Yang N, Johnston S, Ali Y, Wang G, Venezuela J, Carluccio J, Lau C, Allavena R, Liang D, Mardon K, Ye Q. In vivo performance of a rare earth free Mg–Zn–Ca alloy manufactured using twin roll casting for potential applications in the cranial and maxillofacial fixation devices. Bioact Mater 2022; 12:85-96. [PMID: 35087965 PMCID: PMC8777300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A magnesium alloy containing essential, non-toxic, biodegradable elements such as Ca and Zn has been fabricated using a novel twin-roll casting process (TRC). Microstructure, mechanical properties, in vivo corrosion and biocompatibility have been assessed and compared to the properties of the rare earth (RE) element containing WE43 alloy. TRC Mg-0.5 wt% Zn- 0.5 wt% Ca exhibited fine grains with an average grain size ranging from 70 to 150 μm. Mechanical properties of a TRC Mg-0.5Zn-0.5Ca alloy showed an ultimate tensile strength of 220 MPa and ductility of 9.3%. The TRC Mg-0.5Zn-0.5Ca alloy showed a degradation rate of 0.51 ± 0.07 mm/y similar to that of the WE43 alloy (0.47 ± 0.09 mm/y) in the rat model after 1 week of implantation. By week 4 the biodegradation rates of both alloys studied were lowered and stabilized with fewer gas pockets around the implant. The histological analysis shows that both WE43 and TRC Mg-0.5Zn-0.5Ca alloy triggered comparable tissue healing responses at respective times of implantation. The presence of more organized scarring tissue around the TRC Mg-0.5Zn-0.5Ca alloys suggests that the biodegradation of the RE-free alloy may be more conducive to the tissue proliferation and remodelling process. Mg-0.5Zn-0.5Ca alloy plates were fabricated by a twin-roll casting (TRC) process. TRC alloy showed an ultimate strength and elongation of 221 ± 2 MPa and 9 ± 2%. Gas development during in vivo degradation was analysed using μ-CT techniques. Histological analysis revealed a good biocompatibility and promoted healing.
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15
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Wang N, Ma Y, Shi H, Song Y, Guo S, Yang S. Mg-, Zn-, and Fe-Based Alloys With Antibacterial Properties as Orthopedic Implant Materials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:888084. [PMID: 35677296 PMCID: PMC9168471 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.888084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Implant-associated infection (IAI) is one of the major challenges in orthopedic surgery. The development of implants with inherent antibacterial properties is an effective strategy to resolve this issue. In recent years, biodegradable alloy materials have received considerable attention because of their superior comprehensive performance in the field of orthopedic implants. Studies on biodegradable alloy orthopedic implants with antibacterial properties have gradually increased. This review summarizes the recent advances in biodegradable magnesium- (Mg-), iron- (Fe-), and zinc- (Zn-) based alloys with antibacterial properties as orthopedic implant materials. The antibacterial mechanisms of these alloy materials are also outlined, thus providing more basis and insights on the design and application of biodegradable alloys with antibacterial properties as orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yutong Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huixin Shi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiping Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shu Guo, ; Shude Yang,
| | - Shude Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology and Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shu Guo, ; Shude Yang,
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16
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Feasibility and Efficacy of a Degradable Magnesium-Alloy GBR Membrane for Bone Augmentation in a Distal Bone-Defect Model in Beagle Dogs. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:4941635. [PMID: 35371192 PMCID: PMC8967573 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4941635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored the feasibility and efficacy of a degradable magnesium (Mg) alloy guided bone regeneration (GBR) in the treatment of bone defects after tooth extraction. A GBR membrane (MAR-Gide (MG)) was used to treat a mandibular second molar (M2M)-distal bone defect (DBD). In eight beagle dogs, bilateral mandibular second and fourth premolars were hemi-sected. The distal roots were removed to create a two-wall bony defect of dimension 5 mm × 5 mm × 5 mm to simulate M2M-DBD. Thirty-two bone defects were assigned randomly into four groups according to GBR membranes (MG and Bio-Gide (BG)) applied and the time of killing (3 months and 6 months after surgery). The osteogenesis of bone defects and MG degradation were analyzed using micro-CT, histology (staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. MG did not increase the prevalence of infection, wound dehiscence, or subcutaneous emphysema compared with those using BG. Trabecular volume/total volume at 3 months (63.71 ± 10.4% vs. 59.97 ± 8.94%) was significantly higher in the group MG than that in the group BG. Implanted MG was degraded completely within 3 months, and "island-shaped" new bone was found near MG degradation products. A significant difference was not found in vertical bone height or percent of new bone formation (45.44 ± 12.28% vs. 43.49 ± 7.12%) between the groups. The concentration of rare-earth elements in mandibular lymph nodes of the group MG was significantly higher than that of the group BG (P ≤ 0.017) but did not lead to histopathological changes. In summary, MG exhibited good biocompatibility and clinical applicability compared with BG in vivo. The osteogenic effect of MG could be enhanced by regulating the degradation rate of Mg-alloy.
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17
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Corrosion Behavior in Magnesium-Based Alloys for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072613. [PMID: 35407944 PMCID: PMC9000648 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium alloys exhibit superior biocompatibility and biodegradability, which makes them an excellent candidate for artificial implants. However, these materials also suffer from lower corrosion resistance, which limits their clinical applicability. The corrosion mechanism of Mg alloys is complicated since the spontaneous occurrence is determined by means of loss of aspects, e.g., the basic feature of materials and various corrosive environments. As such, this study provides a review of the general degradation/precipitation process multifactorial corrosion behavior and proposes a reasonable method for modeling and preventing corrosion in metals. In addition, the composition design, the structural treatment, and the surface processing technique are involved as potential methods to control the degradation rate and improve the biological properties of Mg alloys. This systematic representation of corrosive mechanisms and the comprehensive discussion of various technologies for applications could lead to improved designs for Mg-based biomedical devices in the future.
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18
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Mardina Z, Venezuela J, Maher C, Shi Z, Dargusch M, Atrens A. Design, mechanical and degradation requirements of biodegradable metal mesh for pelvic floor reconstruction. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3371-3392. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00179a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is the herniation of surrounding tissue and organs into the vagina and or rectum, and is a result of weakening of pelvic floor muscles, connective tissue,...
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19
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Zinc-nutrient element based alloys for absorbable wound closure devices fabrication: Current status, challenges, and future prospects. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121301. [PMID: 34922270 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The need for the development of load-bearing, absorbable wound closure devices is driving the research for novel materials that possess both good biodegradability and superior mechanical characteristics. Biodegradable metals (BMs), namely: magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe), which are currently being investigated for absorbable vascular stent and orthopaedic implant applications, are slowly gaining research interest for the fabrication of wound closure devices. The current review presents an overview of the traditional and novel BM-based intracutaneous and transcutaneous wound closure devices, and identifies Zn as a promising substitute for the traditional materials used in the fabrication of absorbable load-bearing sutures, internal staples, and subcuticular staples. In order to further strengthen Zn to be used in highly stressed situations, nutrient elements (NEs), including calcium (Ca), Mg, Fe, and copper (Cu), are identified as promising alloying elements for the strengthening of Zn-based wound closure device material that simultaneously provide potential therapeutic benefit to the wound healing process during implant biodegradation process. The influence of NEs on the fundamental characteristics of biodegradable Zn are reviewed and critically assessed with regard to the mechanical properties and biodegradability requirements of different wound closure devices. The opportunities and challenges in the development of Zn-based wound closure device materials are presented to inspire future research on this rapidly growing field.
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20
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Dong H, Virtanen S. Influence of bovine serum albumin on biodegradation behavior of pure Zn. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:185-194. [PMID: 34212467 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is emerging as a promising biodegradable metal for temporary implant applications. In this work, we investigate the influence of bovine serum albumin (BSA)-the most abundant blood protein in simulated body fluid (SBF) on degradation of pure Zn via electrochemical measurements and long-term immersion. Electrochemical experiments indicate a decrease of the corrosion rate of bare Zn with increasing BSA concentration in solution for short-term exposures. Samples were characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM) (including energy dispersive spectroscopy [EDS], X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy [XPS], Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [FTIR], and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry [TOF-SIMS]) after immersion up to 21 days. Presence of BSA in the electrolyte, decrease the amount of Ca-phosphate precipitation on Zn surface. However, a more compact surface layer formed in the presence of BSA in solution. Most noteworthy, in long-term exposures, BSA enhances localized corrosion of Zn-such detrimental localized attack was not observed in BSA-free solution. We suggest that a sealed space forming between the Zn substrate and a protein adsorption layer restricts mass transport, thus triggering localized corrosion of Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhou Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Surface Science and Corrosion, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sannakaisa Virtanen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Surface Science and Corrosion, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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21
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Herber V, Okutan B, Antonoglou G, Sommer NG, Payer M. Bioresorbable Magnesium-Based Alloys as Novel Biomaterials in Oral Bone Regeneration: General Review and Clinical Perspectives. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091842. [PMID: 33922759 PMCID: PMC8123017 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone preservation and primary regeneration is a daily challenge in the field of dental medicine. In recent years, bioresorbable metals based on magnesium (Mg) have been widely investigated due to their bone-like modulus of elasticity, their high biocompatibility, antimicrobial, and osteoconductive properties. Synthetic Mg-based biomaterials are promising candidates for bone regeneration in comparison with other currently available pure synthetic materials. Different alloys based on Mg were developed to fit clinical requirements. In parallel, advances in additive manufacturing offer the possibility to fabricate experimentally bioresorbable metallic porous scaffolds. This review describes the promising clinical results of resorbable Mg-based biomaterials for bone repair in osteosynthetic application and discusses the perspectives of use in oral bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Herber
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Medical University of Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.A.); (M.P.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5/6, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.O.); (N.G.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Begüm Okutan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5/6, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.O.); (N.G.S.)
| | - Georgios Antonoglou
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Medical University of Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Nicole G. Sommer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5/6, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.O.); (N.G.S.)
| | - Michael Payer
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Medical University of Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.A.); (M.P.)
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22
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Chen K, Zhou G, Li Q, Tang H, Wang S, Li P, Gu X, Fan Y. In vitro degradation, biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of pure zinc: assessing the potential of Zn as a guided bone regeneration membrane. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5114-5127. [PMID: 34128016 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00596k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Membrane exposure is a common complication after the guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedure and has a detrimental influence on the bone regeneration outcomes, while the commercially available GBR membranes show limited exposure tolerance. Recently, zinc (Zn) has been suggested as a promising material to be used as a barrier membrane in GBR therapy for bone augmentation. In this study, the degradation behavior in artificial saliva solution, cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of pure Zn were investigated to explore its degradation and associated biocompatibility in the case of premature membrane exposure. The results indicated that the degradation rate of Zn in artificial saliva solution was about 31.42 μm year-1 after 28 days of immersion. The corrosion products on the Zn surface were mainly composed of Zn3(PO4)2, Ca3(PO4)2, CaHPO4, Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 and ZnO. Besides, Zn presented an acceptable in vitro HGF cytocompatibility and a high antibacterial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis. The preliminary results demonstrate that pure Zn exhibits appropriate degradation behavior, adequate cell compatibility and favorable antibacterial properties in the oral environment and is thus believed to sustain profitable function when membrane exposure occurs. The results provided new insights for understanding the exposure tolerance of Zn based membranes and are beneficial to their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Gang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Qing Li
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongyan Tang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Shanyu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xuenan Gu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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23
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Bai J, Xu Y, Fan Q, Cao R, Zhou X, Cheng Z, Dong Q, Xue F. Mechanical Properties and Degradation Behaviors of Zn-xMg Alloy Fine Wires for Biomedical Applications. SCANNING 2021; 2021:4831387. [PMID: 35024086 PMCID: PMC8720005 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4831387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Zn and Zn-based alloys exhibit biosafety and biodegradation, considered as candidates for biomedical implants. Zn-0.02 wt.% Mg (Zn-0.02 Mg), Zn-0.05 wt.% Mg (Zn-0.05 Mg), and Zn-0.2 wt.% Mg (Zn-0.2 Mg) wires (Φ 0.3 mm) were prepared for precision biomedical devices in this work. With the addition of Mg in Zn-xMg alloys, the grain size decreased along with the occurrence of Mg2Zn11 at the grain boundaries. Hot extrusion, cold drawing, and annealing treatment were introduced to further refining the grain size. Besides, the hot extrusion and cold drawing improved the tensile strength of Zn-xMg alloys to 240-270 MPa while elongation also increased but remained under 10%. Annealing treatment could improve the elongation of Zn alloys to 12% -28%, but decrease the tensile strength. Furthermore, Zn-xMg wires displayed an increase in degradation rate with Mg addition. The findings might provide a potential possibility of Zn-xMg alloy wires for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Institute of Medical Devices (Suzhou), Southeast University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qizhou Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Ruihua Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xingxing Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
| | - Zhaojun Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Institute of Medical Devices (Suzhou), Southeast University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Qiangsheng Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Institute of Medical Devices (Suzhou), Southeast University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Institute of Medical Devices (Suzhou), Southeast University, Suzhou 215000, China
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24
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Li GN, Zhu SM, Nie JF, Zheng Y, Sun Z. Investigating the stress corrosion cracking of a biodegradable Zn-0.8 wt%Li alloy in simulated body fluid. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:1468-1478. [PMID: 33251383 PMCID: PMC7674163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) may lead to brittle, unexpected failure of medical devices. However, available researches are limited to Mg-based biodegradable metals (BM) and pure Zn. The stress corrosion behaviors of newly-developed Zn alloys remain unclear. In the present work, we conducted slow strain rate testing (SSRT) and constant-load immersion test on a promising Zn-0.8 wt%Li alloy in order to investigate its SCC susceptibility and examine its feasibility as BM with pure Zn as control group. We observed that Zn-0.8 wt%Li alloy exhibited low SCC susceptibility. This was attributed to variations in microstructure and deformation mechanism after alloying with Li. In addition, both pure Zn and Zn-0.8 wt%Li alloy did not fracture over a period of 28 days during constant-load immersion test. The magnitude of applied stress was close to physiological condition and thus, we proved the feasibility of both materials as BM. The deformation mechanisms of pure Zn and Zn-0.8 wt%Li alloy were different. For pure Zn, surface curvatures provided sites for SCC initiation. Only shallow cracks on corrosion layer were observed for Zn-0.8 wt%Li alloy. Both materials did not fracture after constant-load immersion test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Nan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Su-Ming Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jian-Feng Nie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Zhili Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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