1
|
Tong X, Dong Y, Han Y, Zhou R, Zhu L, Zhang D, Dai Y, Shen X, Li Y, Wen C, Lin J. A biodegradable Zn-5Gd alloy with biomechanical compatibility, cytocompatibility, antibacterial ability, and in vitro and in vivo osteogenesis for orthopedic applications. Acta Biomater 2024; 177:538-559. [PMID: 38253302 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) and some of its alloys are recognized as promising biodegradable implant materials due to their acceptable biocompatibility, facile processability, and moderate degradation rate. Nevertheless, the limited mechanical properties and stability of as-cast Zn alloys hinder their clinical application. In this work, hot-rolled (HR) and hot-extruded (HE) Zn-5 wt.% gadolinium (Zn-5Gd) samples were prepared by casting and respectively combining with hot rolling and hot extrusion for bone-implant applications. Their microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, cytotoxicity, antibacterial ability, and in vitro and in vivo osteogenesis were systematically evaluated. The HR and HE Zn-5Gd exhibited significantly improved mechanical properties compared with those of their pure Zn counterparts and the HR Zn-5Gd showed a unique combination of tensile properties with an ultimate tensile strength of ∼311.6 MPa, yield strength of ∼236.5 MPa, and elongation of ∼40.6%, all of which are greater than the mechanical properties required for bone-implant materials. The HR and HE Zn-5Gd showed higher corrosion resistance than their pure Zn counterpart in Hanks' solution and the HE Zn-5Gd had the lowest corrosion rate of 155 µm/y measured by electrochemical corrosion and degradation rate of 26.9 µm/y measured by immersion testing. The HR and HE Zn-5Gd showed high cytocompatibility toward MC3T3-E1 and MG-63 cells, high antibacterial effects against S. aureus, and better in vitro osteogenic activity than their pure Zn counterparts. Furthermore, the HE Zn-5Gd exhibited better in vivo biocompatibility, osteogenesis, and osteointegration ability than pure Zn and pure Ti. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work reports the mechanical properties, corrosion behaviors, cytocompatibility, antibacterial ability, in vitro and in vivo osteogenesis of biodegradable Zn-Gd alloy for bone-implant applications. Our findings demonstrate that the hot-rolled (HR) Zn-5Gd showed a unique combination of tensile properties with an ultimate tensile strength of ∼311.6 MPa, yield strength of ∼236.5 MPa, and elongation of ∼40.6%. The HR and HE Zn-5Gd showed higher corrosion resistance than their pure Zn counterpart in Hanks' solution. The HR and HE Zn-5Gd showed high cytocompatibility toward MC3T3-E1 and MG-63 cells, good antibacterial effects against S. aureus, and better in vitro osteogenic activity. Furthermore, the HE Zn-5Gd exhibited better in vivo biocompatibility, osteogenesis, and osteointegration ability than pure Zn and pure Ti.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Tong
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yilong Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Ruian People's Hospital), Wenzhou 325016, China
| | - Yue Han
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Runqi Zhou
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Dechuang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yilong Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xinkun Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Ruian People's Hospital), Wenzhou 325016, China
| | - Yuncang Li
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Cuie Wen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
| | - Jixing Lin
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sefa S, Espiritu J, Ćwieka H, Greving I, Flenner S, Will O, Beuer S, Wieland DF, Willumeit-Römer R, Zeller-Plumhoff B. Multiscale morphological analysis of bone microarchitecture around Mg-10Gd implants. Bioact Mater 2023; 30:154-168. [PMID: 37575877 PMCID: PMC10412723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of biodegradable magnesium (Mg)-based implants for restoration of bone function following trauma represents a transformative approach in orthopaedic application. One such alloy, magnesium-10 weight percent gadolinium (Mg-10Gd), has been specifically developed to address the rapid degradation of Mg while enhancing its mechanical properties to promote bone healing. Previous studies have demonstrated that Mg-10Gd exhibits favorable osseointegration; however, it exhibits distinct ultrastructural adaptation in comparison to conventional implants like titanium (Ti). A crucial aspect that remains unexplored is the impact of Mg-10Gd degradation on the bone microarchitecture. To address this, we employed hierarchical three-dimensional imaging using synchrotron radiation in conjunction with image-based finite element modelling. By using the methods outlined, the vascular porosity, lacunar porosity and the lacunar-canaliculi network (LCN) morphology of bone around Mg-10Gd in comparison to Ti in a rat model from 4 weeks to 20 weeks post-implantation was investigated. Our investigation revealed that within our observation period, the degradation of Mg-10Gd implants was associated with significantly lower (p < 0.05) lacunar density in the surrounding bone, compared to Ti. Remarkably, the LCN morphology and the fluid flow analysis did not significantly differ for both implant types. In summary, a more pronounced lower lacunae distribution rather than their morphological changes was detected in the surrounding bone upon the degradation of Mg-10Gd implants. This implies potential disparities in bone remodelling rates when compared to Ti implants. Our findings shed light on the intricate relationship between Mg-10Gd degradation and bone microarchitecture, contributing to a deeper understanding of the implications for successful osseointegration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sefa
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | | | - Hanna Ćwieka
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Imke Greving
- Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Silja Flenner
- Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Olga Will
- Molecular Imaging North Competence Center, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Beuer
- Fraunhofer Institut für Integrierte Systeme und Bauelementetechnologie (IISB), Erlangen, Germany
| | - D.C Florian Wieland
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
This paper presents how the mechanical properties, the microstructure and the degradation rate of extruded Mn-containing Mg-Gd alloys can be modified during extrusion. Gd as a rare earth element is particularly interesting due to the influence on the texture development in Mg, and is therefore studied as a base alloy system. The contents of Gd were investigated between 2 to 9 wt.%, with Mn additions of 0.5 and 1.0 wt.%. The grain sizes and the corresponding textures were modified by varying the extrusion parameters and the alloy content. It was shown that modification with Mn can lead to further grain refinement, an increase in the degree of recrystallization, as well as a decrease in the degradation rate in the biological medium compared with the binary Mg-Gd system from previous studies. The results suggest that the resulting properties are more robust compared with the binary alloy.
Collapse
|