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Suntharalingham JP, Ishida M, Buonocore F, del Valle I, Solanky N, Demetriou C, Regan L, Moore GE, Achermann JC. Analysis of CDKN1C in fetal growth restriction and pregnancy loss. F1000Res 2019; 8:90. [PMID: 31497289 PMCID: PMC6713069 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15016.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C) is a key negative regulator of cell growth encoded by a paternally imprinted/maternally expressed gene in humans. Loss-of-function variants in CDKN1C are associated with an overgrowth condition (Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome) whereas "gain-of-function" variants in CDKN1C that increase protein stability cause growth restriction as part of IMAGe syndrome ( Intrauterine growth restriction, Metaphyseal dysplasia, Adrenal hypoplasia and Genital anomalies). As three families have been reported with CDKN1C mutations who have fetal growth restriction (FGR)/Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) without adrenal insufficiency, we investigated whether pathogenic variants in CDKN1C could be associated with isolated growth restriction or recurrent loss of pregnancy. Methods: Analysis of published literature was undertaken to review the localisation of variants in CDKN1C associated with IMAGe syndrome or fetal growth restriction. CDKN1C expression in different tissues was analysed in available RNA-Seq data (Human Protein Atlas). Targeted sequencing was used to investigate the critical region of CDKN1C for potential pathogenic variants in SRS (n=66), FGR (n=37), DNA from spontaneous loss of pregnancy (n= 22) and women with recurrent miscarriages (n=78) (total n=203). Results: All published single nucleotide variants associated with IMAGe syndrome are located in a highly-conserved "hot-spot" within the PCNA-binding domain of CDKN1C between codons 272-279. Variants associated with familial growth restriction but normal adrenal function currently affect codons 279 and 281. CDKN1C is highly expressed in the placenta compared to adult tissues, which may contribute to the FGR phenotype and supports a role in pregnancy maintenance. In the patient cohorts studied no pathogenic variants were identified in the PCNA-binding domain of CDKN1C. Conclusion: CDKN1C is a key negative regulator of growth. Variants in a very localised "hot-spot" cause growth restriction, with or without adrenal insufficiency. However, pathogenic variants in this region are not a common cause of isolated fetal growth restriction phenotypes or loss-of-pregnancy/recurrent miscarriages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer P. Suntharalingham
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Miho Ishida
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Federica Buonocore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ignacio del Valle
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Nita Solanky
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Charalambos Demetriou
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Lesley Regan
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Gudrun E. Moore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - John C. Achermann
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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Suntharalingham JP, Ishida M, Buonocore F, del Valle I, Solanky N, Demetriou C, Regan L, Moore GE, Achermann JC. Analysis of CDKN1C in fetal growth restriction and pregnancy loss. F1000Res 2019; 8:90. [PMID: 31497289 PMCID: PMC6713069 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15016.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C) is a key negative regulator of cell growth encoded by a paternally imprinted/maternally expressed gene in humans. Loss-of-function variants in CDKN1C are associated with an overgrowth condition (Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome) whereas "gain-of-function" variants in CDKN1C that increase protein stability cause growth restriction as part of IMAGe syndrome ( Intrauterine growth restriction, Metaphyseal dysplasia, Adrenal hypoplasia and Genital anomalies). As two families have been reported with CDKN1C mutations who have fetal growth restriction (FGR)/Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) without adrenal insufficiency, we investigated whether pathogenic variants in CDKN1C could be associated with isolated growth restriction or recurrent loss of pregnancy. Methods: Analysis of published literature was undertaken to review the localisation of variants in CDKN1C associated with IMAGe syndrome or fetal growth restriction. CDKN1C expression in different tissues was analysed in available RNA-Seq data (Human Protein Atlas). Targeted sequencing was used to investigate the critical region of CDKN1C for potential pathogenic variants in SRS (n=58), FGR (n=26), DNA from spontaneous loss of pregnancy (n= 21) and women with recurrent miscarriages (n=71) (total n=176). Results: All published single nucleotide variants associated with IMAGe syndrome are located in a highly-conserved "hot-spot" within the PCNA-binding domain of CDKN1C between codons 272-279. Variants associated with familial growth restriction but normal adrenal function currently affect codons 279 and 281. CDKN1C is highly expressed in the placenta compared to adult tissues, which may contribute to the FGR phenotype and supports a role in pregnancy maintenance. In the patient cohorts studied no pathogenic variants were identified in the PCNA-binding domain of CDKN1C. Conclusion: CDKN1C is a key negative regulator of growth. Variants in a very localised "hot-spot" cause growth restriction, with or without adrenal insufficiency. However, pathogenic variants in this region are not a common cause of isolated fetal growth restriction phenotypes or loss-of-pregnancy/recurrent miscarriages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer P. Suntharalingham
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Miho Ishida
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Federica Buonocore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ignacio del Valle
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Nita Solanky
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Charalambos Demetriou
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Lesley Regan
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Gudrun E. Moore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - John C. Achermann
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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Lv Y, Lv M, Ji X, Xue L, Rui C, Yin L, Ding H, Miao Z. Down-regulated expressed protein HMGB3 inhibits proliferation and migration, promotes apoptosis in the placentas of fetal growth restriction. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 107:69-76. [PMID: 30543931 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is one of the major complications of pregnancy, which can lead to serious short-term and long-term diseases. High-mobility group box 3 (HMGB3) has been found to contribute to the development of many cancers. However, the role of HMGB3 in the pathogenesis of FGR is blank. Here, we measured the expression level of HMGB3 in the placenta tissues of six normal pregnancies and five FGR patients by western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). CCK8 assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry were used to detect the functional effects of overexpression and silencing of HMGB3 on the HTR8/SVneo trophoblast cell line. The results showed that the protein levels of HMGB3 were significantly decreased in FGR placentas compared to normal controls, while mRNA levels of HMGB3 were not significantly altered. Furthermore, when overexpressed of protein HMGB3 of the trophoblast cells, the proliferation and migration abilities were significantly promoted, and the apoptosis abilities of these cells were statistically inhibited. Cell functional experiments showed the opposite results when the expression of HMGB3 was silent. And the expression of cell function-related genes PCNA, Ki67, Tp53, Bax, MMP-2 and E-cadherin was observed to show corresponding changes by qRT-PCR. The results of mass spectrometry showed that HMGB3 may directly or indirectly interact with 71 proteins. In summary, our results indicated that HMGB3 might be of very great significance to the pathogenesis of FGR and might play the role by leading the dysfunction of placental villous trophoblast cells and through the interaction with some other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Mingming Lv
- Department of Breast, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, 210004, China; Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Xiaohong Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Lu Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Can Rui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Lingfeng Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Hongjuan Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, 210004, China.
| | - Zhijing Miao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, 210004, China.
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Autophagy as a compensation mechanism participates in ethanol-induced fetal adrenal dysfunction in female rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Verheecke M, Cortès Calabuig A, Finalet Ferreiro J, Brys V, Van Bree R, Verbist G, Everaert T, Leemans L, Gziri MM, Boere I, Halaska MJ, Vanhoudt J, Amant F, Van Calsteren K. Genetic and microscopic assessment of the human chemotherapy-exposed placenta reveals possible pathways contributive to fetal growth restriction. Placenta 2018; 64:61-70. [PMID: 29626982 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fetal growth restriction (FGR) carries an increased risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity. A major cause of FGR is placental insufficiency. After in utero chemotherapy-exposure, an increased incidence of FGR has been reported. In a prospective cohort study we aimed to explore which pathways may contribute to chemotherapy-associated FGR. METHODS Placental biopsies were collected from 25 cancer patients treated with chemotherapy during pregnancy, and from 66 control patients. Differentially expressed pathways between chemotherapy-exposed patients and controls were examined by whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (WTSS) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Immunohistochemical studies for 8-OHdG and eNOS (oxidative DNA damage), proliferation (PCNA) and apoptosis (Cleaved Caspase 3) were performed. The expression level of eNOS, PCNA and IGFBP6 was verified by real-time quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS Most differential expressed genes between chemotherapy-exposed patients and controls were related to growth, developmental processes, and radical scavenging networks. The duration of chemotherapy exposure had an additional impact on the expression of genes related to the superoxide radicals degeneration network. Immunohistochemical analyses showed a significantly increased expression of 8-OHdG (P = 0.003) and a decreased expression of eNOS (P=0.015) in the syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta of cancer patients. A decreased expression of PCNA was detected by immunohistochemistry as RT-qPCR (NS). CONCLUSION Chemotherapy exposure during pregnancy results in an increase of oxidative DNA damage and might impact the placental cellular growth and development, resulting in an increased incidence of FGR in this specific population. Further large prospective cohort studies and longitudinal statistical analyses are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Verheecke
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - V Brys
- Genomics Core, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Van Bree
- Department of Reproduction and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Verbist
- Genomics Core, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Everaert
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Leemans
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M M Gziri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Hippokrateslaan 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Boere
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M J Halaska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 3rd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague 5, Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Srobarova 1150/50, 100 34, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - J Vanhoudt
- Genomics Core, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Amant
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Center for Gynaecologic Oncology, Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - K Van Calsteren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Reproduction and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Syncytial nuclei accumulate at the villous surface in IUGR while proliferation is unchanged. Placenta 2017; 60:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Ahbab MA, Güven C, Koçkaya EA, Barlas N. Comparative developmental toxicity evaluation of di- n-hexyl phthalate and dicyclohexyl phthalate in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2017; 33:696-716. [PMID: 28854868 DOI: 10.1177/0748233717711868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of di- n-hexyl phthalate (DHP) and dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) on the development of fetus and placenta in utero, pregnant rats were exposed to DHP or DCHP at dosages of 0, 20, 100, and 500 mg/kg bw/day, by gavage, on gestational days 6-19. Anogenital distance (AGD) and AGD-body weight1/3 ratio of female fetuses decreased in all treatment groups in a non-dose-response way. The ossification centers of bones and the intensity of Alizarin red stain of the fetuses decreased in all treatment groups. The white blood cell levels of fetuses in DHP and DCHP exposed groups increased at all dosages. Mean cell hemoglobin, hemoglobin concentrations, and hemoglobin levels of all DHP and DCHP treated male and female fetuses were reduced. Histopathologic changes (hemorrhage in labyrinth, degeneration of spongiotrophoblast, hemorrhage, decreased and irregular vessel formation, and edema in the basal zone) were observed in placentas at high dosages of DHP and DCHP. In contrast, there was no change in weight gain of dams in DHP and DCHP exposed groups compared to control, but resorption rate, reduced fetal weight, delayed ossification, placental disruption, and hematologic parameters clearly indicated that in utero DHP and DCHP exposure resulted in intrauterine growth retardation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müfide Aydogan Ahbab
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Celal Güven
- 2 Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ömer Halis Demir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Evrim Arzu Koçkaya
- 3 The Higher Vocational School of Health Services, Gölbaşı Campus, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurhayat Barlas
- 4 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey
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Placental Expressions of CDKN1C and KCNQ1OT1 in Monozygotic Twins with Selective Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Twin Res Hum Genet 2017; 20:389-394. [PMID: 28803575 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2017.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CDKN1C and KCNQ1OT1 are imprinted genes that might be potential regulators of placental development. This study investigated placental expressions of CDKN1C and KCNQ1OT1 in monozygotic twins with and without selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR). Seventeen sIUGR and fifteen normal monozygotic(MZ) twin pairs were examined. Placental mRNA expressions of CDKN1C and KCNQ1OT1 were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. CDKN1C protein expression was detected by immunohistochemical assay and Western-blotting. In the sIUGR group, smaller fetuses had a smaller share of the placenta, and CDKN1C protein expression was significantly increased while KCNQ1OT1 mRNA expression was significantly decreased. The CDKN1C/KCNQ1OT1 mRNA ratio was lower in the larger fetus than in the smaller fetus (p < .05). In the control group, CDKN1C protein expression showed no difference between larger and smaller fetuses, while KCNQ1OT1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in the larger fetus, and the CDKN1C/KCNQ1OT1 mRNA ratio was higher in the larger fetus than in the smaller fetus (p < .05). Our findings showed that pathogenesis of sIUGR may be related to the co-effect of the up-regulated protein expression of CDKN1C and down-regulated mRNA expression of KCNQ1OT1 in the placenta.
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Placental expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1): Gender-specific relation with human placental growth. Placenta 2016; 48:119-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Huang H, He Z, Zhu C, Liu L, Kou H, Shen L, Wang H. Prenatal ethanol exposure-induced adrenal developmental abnormality of male offspring rats and its possible intrauterine programming mechanisms. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 288:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Yoshimaru T, Komatsu M, Tashiro E, Imoto M, Osada H, Miyoshi Y, Honda J, Sasa M, Katagiri T. Xanthohumol suppresses oestrogen-signalling in breast cancer through the inhibition of BIG3-PHB2 interactions. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7355. [PMID: 25483453 PMCID: PMC4258681 DOI: 10.1038/srep07355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthohumol (XN) is a natural anticancer compound that inhibits the proliferation of oestrogen receptor-α (ERα)-positive breast cancer cells. However, the precise mechanism of the antitumour effects of XN on oestrogen (E2)-dependent cell growth, and especially its direct target molecule(s), remain(s) largely unknown. Here, we focus on whether XN directly binds to the tumour suppressor protein prohibitin 2 (PHB2), forming a novel natural antitumour compound targeting the BIG3-PHB2 complex and acting as a pivotal modulator of E2/ERα signalling in breast cancer cells. XN treatment effectively prevented the BIG3-PHB2 interaction, thereby releasing PHB2 to directly bind to both nuclear- and cytoplasmic ERα. This event led to the complete suppression of the E2-signalling pathways and ERα-positive breast cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo, but did not suppress the growth of normal mammary epithelial cells. Our findings suggest that XN may be a promising natural compound to suppress the growth of luminal-type breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Yoshimaru
- Division of Genome Medicine, Institute for Genome Research, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masato Komatsu
- Division of Genome Medicine, Institute for Genome Research, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Etsu Tashiro
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaya Imoto
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Yasuo Miyoshi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Junko Honda
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Higashitokushima Medical Center, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Sasa
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima Breast Care Clinic, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toyomasa Katagiri
- Division of Genome Medicine, Institute for Genome Research, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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UNDERSTANDING THE PLACENTAL AETIOLOGY OF FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION; COULD THIS LEAD TO PERSONALIZED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1017/s0965539514000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is defined as the failure of a fetus to attain its full genetic growth potential. It is a leading cause of stillbirth, prematurity, cerebral palsy and perinatal mortality. Small size at birth increases surviving infants’ lifelong risk of adverse health outcomes associated with the metabolic syndrome. The pathophysiology of abnormal fetal growth is extremely complex and incompletely understood, with a plethora of genetic, signalling and metabolic candidates under investigation, many of which may result in abnormal structure and function of the placenta. In contrast to, or maybe because of, the underlying complexities of FGR, the strategies clinicians have for identifying and managing this outcome are conspicuously limited. Current clinical practice is restricted to identifying pregnancies at risk of FGR, and when FGR is detected, using intensive monitoring to guide the timing of delivery to optimise fetal outcomes. Abnormal Doppler indices in the umbilical artery are strongly associated with poor perinatal outcomes and are currently the “gold standard” for clinical surveillance of the growth-restricted fetus.
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Kaya B, Nayki U, Nayki C, Ulug P, Oner G, Gultekin E, Yildirim Y. Proliferation of trophoblasts and Ki67 expression in preeclampsia. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014; 291:1041-6. [PMID: 25384521 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-014-3538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disease with the increased risk of maternal morbidity and mortality. It is characterised by placental vascular dysfunction. Despite the numerous studies on preeclampsia, studies evaluating proliferation of villous trophoblasts in preeclamptic placentas are limited. Ki67 is a proliferation marker that expresses in the nuclei of proliferating cells. In this study, we examined the proliferation of villous trophoblasts in placentas of preeclamptic patients by using Ki67 and compared it with placentas of normal pregnant patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The current study is a prospective one, including 15 placentas from preeclamptic patients and 14 placentas from normal pregnancies as controls. For detection of proliferation in villous trophoblasts, Ki67 was used. RESULTS The Ki67 index was 11.48±1.67% in normal patients and 15.53±2.28% in preeclamptic patients. There was a difference in Ki67 index between the two groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our results support the opinion that trophoblasts undergo regeneration hyperplasia as a result of injuries arising on the villous surface in preeclampsia. Proliferation of trophoblasts may contribute the development of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barış Kaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Near East University, North Cyprus, Cyprus
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