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Correa-Lara MVM, Lara-Vega I, Nájera-Martínez M, Domínguez-López ML, Reyes-Maldonado E, Vega-López A. Tumor-Infiltrating iNKT Cells Activated through c-Kit/Sca-1 Are Induced by Pentoxifylline, Norcantharidin, and Their Mixtures for Killing Murine Melanoma Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1472. [PMID: 37895943 PMCID: PMC10610189 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of NK and other cytotoxic cells is considered the first defense line against cancer. However, a significant lack of information prevails on the possible roles played by factors considered characteristic of primitive cells, such as c-kit and Sca-1, in activating these cells, particularly in melanoma models subjected to treatments with substances under investigation, such as the case of norcantharidin. In this study, B16F1 murine melanoma cells were used to induce tumors in DBA/2 mice, estimating the proportions of NK and iNKT cells; the presence of activation (CD107a+) and primitive/activation (c-kit+/Lya6A+) markers and some tumor parameters, such as the presence of mitotic bodies, nuclear factor area, NK and iNKT cell infiltration in the tumor, infiltrated tumor area, and infiltrating lymphocyte count at 10x and 40x in specimens treated with pentoxifylline, norcantharidin, and the combination of both drugs. Possible correlations were estimated with Pearson's correlation analysis. It should be noted that, despite having demonstrated multiple correlations, immaturity/activation markers were related to these cells' activation. At the tumor site, iNKT cells are the ones that exert the cytotoxic potential on tumor cells, but they are confined to specific sites in the tumor. Due to the higher number of interactions of natural killer cells with tumor cells, it is concluded that the most effective treatment was PTX at 60 mg/kg + NCTD at 0.75 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano V. M. Correa-Lara
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Mexico City CP 07738, Mexico (M.N.-M.)
| | - Israel Lara-Vega
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Mexico City CP 07738, Mexico (M.N.-M.)
| | - Minerva Nájera-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Mexico City CP 07738, Mexico (M.N.-M.)
| | - María Lilia Domínguez-López
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Elba Reyes-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Hemopatología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Armando Vega-López
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Mexico City CP 07738, Mexico (M.N.-M.)
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Lara-Vega I, Correa-Lara MVM, Vega-López A. Effectiveness of radiotherapy and targeted radionuclide therapy for melanoma in preclinical mouse models: A combination treatments overview. Bull Cancer 2023; 110:912-936. [PMID: 37277266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive and highly metastatic skin cancer. In recent years, immunotherapy and targeted small-molecule inhibitors have improved the overall survival of patients. Unfortunately, most patients in advanced stages of disease exhibit either intrinsically resistant or rapidly acquire resistance to these approved treatments. However, combination treatments have emerged to overcome resistance, and novel treatments based on radiotherapy (RT) and targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) have been developed to treat melanoma in the preclinical mouse model, raising the question of whether synergy in combination therapies may motivate and increase their use as primary treatments for melanoma. To help clarify this question, we reviewed the studies in preclinical mouse models where they evaluated RT and TRT in combination with other approved and unapproved therapies from 2016 onwards, focusing on the type of melanoma model used (primary tumor and or metastatic model). PubMed® was the database in which the search was performed using mesh search algorithms resulting in 41 studies that comply with the inclusion rules of screening. Studies reviewed showed that synergy with RT or TRT had strong antitumor effects, such as tumor growth inhibition and fewer metastases, also exhibiting systemic protection. In addition, most studies were carried out on antitumor response for the implanted primary tumor, demonstrating that more studies are needed to evaluate these combined treatments in metastatic models on long-term protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Lara-Vega
- National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Avenida Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Mexico City CP 07738, Mexico
| | - Maximiliano V M Correa-Lara
- National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Avenida Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Mexico City CP 07738, Mexico
| | - Armando Vega-López
- National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Avenida Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Mexico City CP 07738, Mexico.
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Jin X, Yang GY. Pathophysiological roles and applications of glycosphingolipids in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101241. [PMID: 37524133 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are major amphiphilic glycolipids present on the surface of living cell membranes. They have important biological functions, including maintaining plasma membrane stability, regulating signal transduction, and mediating cell recognition and adhesion. Specific GSLs and related enzymes are abnormally expressed in many cancer diseases and affect the malignant characteristics of tumors. The regulatory roles of GSLs in signaling pathways suggest that they are involved in tumor pathogenesis. GSLs have therefore been widely studied as diagnostic markers of cancer diseases and important targets of immunotherapy. This review describes the tumor-related biological functions of GSLs and systematically introduces recent progress in using diverse GSLs and related enzymes to diagnose and treat tumor diseases. Development of drugs and biomarkers for personalized cancer therapy based on GSL structure is also discussed. These advances, combined with recent progress in the preparation of GSLs derivatives through synthetic biology technologies, suggest a strong future for the use of customized GSL libraries in treating human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Martínez-Razo G, Domínguez-López ML, de la Rosa JM, Fabila-Bustos DA, Reyes-Maldonado E, Conde-Vázquez E, Vega-López A. Norcantharidin toxicity profile: an in vivo murine study. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:99-108. [PMID: 36184699 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Norcantharidin (NCTD) is the demethylated analog of cantharidin, with allegedly reduced toxicity. However, there is still limited information regarding its posology and potential risk in its use in cancer treatment. Healthy BDF1 mice were intraperitoneally administered with norcantharidin (0, 3, 6, 12, and 25 mg/kg) every 24 h for 6 days. Survivor mice were euthanized, and the brain, lungs, kidneys, spleen, and liver were procured for enzymatic and histopathological analysis in the liver and kidney. DL50 were 8.86 mg/kg for females and 11.77 mg/kg for males. The treatments with 3.0 mg/kg and 6.0 mg/kg significantly modified the phosphorylase, alanine transaminase, and γ-glutamyl transferase activities; however, an organ-specific response was detected. A significant dose-dependent decrease was observed in the kidney for ROS, while the liver had the opposite effect. Histopathological analysis revealed a significant elevation in hepatocytes' nuclei average size and total area (3 mg/kg), as well as centrilobular vein and adjacent sinusoidal capillaries showed a significant difference. The portal triad presented a significant difference in veins and capillarity count in 6 mg/kg. Renal samples showed cortex convoluted tubules' average size significantly augmented in both doses' groups, and tubule count was found augmented in 6 mg/kg. These physiological effects of NCTD can be exploited as treatment strategies if able to operate in an established posology and proper testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Martínez-Razo
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, CP 07738, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Lilia Domínguez-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Casco de Santo Tomás, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Mexico City, CP, 11340, México
| | - José M de la Rosa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica Y Eléctrica (ESIME) Unidad Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, CP 07738, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego A Fabila-Bustos
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería, Campus Hidalgo (UPIIH), Carretera Pachuca - Actopan Kilómetro 1+500 Ciudad del Conocimiento y la Cultura Educación, 42162, Hidalgo, México
| | - Elba Reyes-Maldonado
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Hemopatología, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City, CP 11340, México
| | - Eliezer Conde-Vázquez
- Hospital Bicentenario de La Independencia del Instituto de Salud de Trabajadores del Estado ISSSTE, Ciruelos 4, Lázaro Cárdenas, Tultitlán de Mariano Escobedo, Tultitlan Estado de México, CP 54916, México
| | - Armando Vega-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, CP 07738, Mexico City, Mexico.
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