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Irvin RL, Wu D, Fetterman AK, Robinson MD. Heads of Worry, Hearts of Joy: Daily Diary Investigations of Self-Location and Well-Being. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2023; 4:744-756. [PMID: 38156254 PMCID: PMC10751275 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
When people are asked to locate the self, they frequently choose the head and heart regions of the body. These bodily regions, in turn, are linked to an extensive set of metaphors, including those that conceptualize the heart as the locus of authenticity, love, and passion. Based on such considerations as well as frameworks within the self and well-being literatures, four samples of participants in three studies (total N = 527) were asked whether, on particular days, they perceived themselves to be located in their head regions of their bodies or their heart regions. When the self was perceived to be in the heart to a greater extent, participants reported higher levels of affective and eudaimonic well-being, as mediated by processes related to reward perception (Study 1), savoring (Study 2), and social activity (Study 3). In terms of daily experiences, the heart-located self is a happier self.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta L. Irvin
- North Dakota State University, Psychology, NDSU Dept 2765, PO Box 6050, ND 58108-6050 Fargo, USA
| | - Dongjie Wu
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas USA
| | | | - Michael D. Robinson
- North Dakota State University, Psychology, NDSU Dept 2765, PO Box 6050, ND 58108-6050 Fargo, USA
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2
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Upright/skew metaphorical associations of moral concepts and their effects on face recognition. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zhang W, Tao Y, Lai S, Zhao X, Lai S, He X. Positive referential meaning and color metaphor bring beauty: Evidence on aesthetic appraisal of ancient Chinese character from Han, Bai, and Yi ethnic groups. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhou Y, Tse CS. Sweet taste brings happiness, but happiness does not taste sweet: the unidirectionality of taste-emotion metaphoric association. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2021.2020797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Zhou
- College of Education Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Chi-Shing Tse
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Learning Sciences and Technologies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Huang Y, Tse CS, Xie J, Shen M, Wang R. Controlled or automatic? Influence of congruency proportion and stimulus-onset asynchrony on the brightness-valence and spatial-valence metaphoric congruency effects. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2021; 75:1067-1084. [PMID: 34507513 DOI: 10.1177/17470218211048190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Whether a cognitive process is operated automatically or in a controlled manner has been a long-standing question in cognitive psychology. However, this issue has not been investigated in the activation of metaphoric association. A primed word valence judgement task is often used to test the activation of metaphoric association, in which participants first see a prime (bright/dark square or fixation point moving up or down from the centre of the screen) and then make a valence judgement to a target word. Metaphoric congruency effect occurs when participants make faster judgements to the target with valence being matched with the prime (good followed bright/top prime) than being mismatched with the prime (good followed dark/bottom prime). In the present two experiments, we manipulated prime-target stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) and proportion of metaphorically congruent trials (congruency proportion) to tease apart the effects of automatic and controlled activation of brightness-valence and spatial-valence metaphoric associations on word valence judgements. Results showed an overall effect of congruency proportion on brightness-valence and spatial-valence metaphoric congruency effect, which was independent of prime-target SOA. The effect was enhanced or reversed when congruency proportion was higher or lower than 0.5, respectively, suggesting that the activation of metaphoric association could be modulated by strategic control. The implications of these findings on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory and semantic priming theories are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Huang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chi-Shing Tse
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Centre for Learning Sciences and Technologies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jiushu Xie
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Manqiong Shen
- School of Business Administration, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, & Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
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Deng M, Guinote A, Li L, Cui L, Shi W. When Abstract Concepts Rely on Multiple Metaphors: Metaphor Selection in the Case of Power. SOCIAL COGNITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1521/soco.2021.39.3.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The study examines metaphor selection for the same abstract concept when multiple concrete dimensions are available for use. Drawing on the power concept, four studies investigated the roles of attention and visual features of concrete dimensions in metaphoric mapping. In Studies 1 and 2, two concrete dimensions (vertical space and size) were visually connected to power-related target words simultaneously, and one was salient. Attention driven by stimulus saliency allowed the attended concrete dimension to have a higher activation level and to be used. In Studies 3 and 4, the attended and the non-attended concrete dimensions were presented separately, and the latter was visually associated with power-related target words. This time, the attended dimension did not have an activation advantage, allowing the non-attended dimension to be used for metaphoric mapping simultaneously. The findings suggest that attention is important, but not necessary, and that features of concrete dimensions can guide metaphor use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Guinote
- University College London and Instituto Universitario de Lisboa (CIS, ISCTE-IUL)
| | - Lin Li
- East China Normal University
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Tse CS, Huang Y, Zeng T, Zhou Y, Chan YL. The influence of congruency proportion, target eccentricity, and valence strength on the spatial-valence metaphoric congruency effect in a word valence judgment task. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 85:2610-2635. [PMID: 33025209 PMCID: PMC7538056 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-020-01422-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In a word valence judgment task, positive words (e.g., excellence) are judged faster when presented at the top (congruent position) than at the bottom of the screen (incongruent position), whereas the opposite pattern occurs for negative words (e.g., disaster). This spatial-valence metaphoric congruency effect reflects top-positive/bottom-negative metaphoric association and may be attributed to at least three possible mechanisms: spreading activation between spatial and valence concepts (activation account), epistemic function that a conceptual metaphor serves to reduce the uncertainty associated with valence concepts (epistemic account), and/or the extent to which spatial-valence metaphoric association is relevant to task demand (relevance account). In three experiments, we manipulated congruency proportion, target eccentricity, and valence strength in a word valence judgment task to test these three possible accounts. Results showed that the metaphoric congruency effect was larger when a high (vs. equal) proportion of targets appears in congruent, relative to incongruent, position, and for targets with strong (vs. weak) valence. However, the effect in reaction time measure was not modulated by whether the target appeared in the position being near vs. far away from the center of the screen. The overall findings are better accommodated by the relevance account. The implications of the current findings on other theoretical accounts, such as Conceptual Metaphor Theory and polarity correspondence account, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Shing Tse
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
- Centre for Learning Sciences and Technologies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yanli Huang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Taoran Zeng
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanyun Zhou
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuen-Lai Chan
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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Zhou Y, Tse CS. The Taste of Emotion: Metaphoric Association Between Taste Words and Emotion/Emotion-Laden Words. Front Psychol 2020; 11:986. [PMID: 32581914 PMCID: PMC7290244 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, abstract concepts can be metaphorically associated with more concrete, physically embodied concepts, such as gustatory experience. Studies on taste-emotion metaphoric association reported that people associate love with sweet, jealousy with sour and bitter, and sadness with bitter. However, few studies have systematically examined the metaphoric association between taste and words referred to emotion (e.g., "sad") or emotion-laden concepts (e.g., "funeral"). In the current four studies (total N = 357), we examined this metaphoric association by having participants come up with a taste word when reading an emotion and emotion-laden word (Study 1-explicit association of taste words-to-emotion/emotion-laden words), come up with an emotion word when reading taste words (Study 2-explicit association of emotion words-to-taste words), rate the association between taste words and basic or non-basic emotion words (Study 3), and rate the association between taste words and a more expanded pool of emotion/emotion-laden words (Study 4). Results showed that sweet was mostly associated with positive emotion and emotion-laden words, whereas bitter, followed by sour and spicy, was mostly associated with negative emotion and emotion-laden words. The bidirectionality of taste-emotion metaphoric association was supported by our dataset. The implications of these findings on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory and embodied cognition are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Zhou
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Shing Tse
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Learning Sciences and Technologies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Liu Y, Yin J, Liang J. Why Smoggy Days Suppress Our Mood: Automatic Association Between Clarity and Valence. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1580. [PMID: 31354584 PMCID: PMC6635603 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The intuition of clarity-valence association seems to be pervasive in daily life, however, whether there exists a potential association between clarity (i.e., operationalized as visual resolution) and affect in human cognition remains unknown. The present study conducted five experiments, and demonstrated the clarity-valence congruency effect, that is, the evaluations showed performance advantage in the congruent conditions (clear-positive, blurry-negative). Experiments 1 through 3 demonstrated the influence of the perception of clarity on the conceptualization of affective valence, while Experiments 4 and 5 verified the absence of the influence of conceptualization on perception, thus the unidirectionality of clarity-valence association in cognition is confirmed. The findings extend the affective perceptual-conceptual associations into the dimension of clarity, thus providing support for the ideas of embodied cognition as well as implications for our preference for clarity and aversion to blur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguang Liu
- Department of Linguistics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Center of Group Behavior and Social Psychological Service, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Junying Liang
- Department of Linguistics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Specker E, Leder H. Looking on the Bright Side: Replicating the Association between Brightness and Positivity. COLLABRA: PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1525/collabra.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is a pre-registered replication of a study by Specker et al. (2018) that tests the hypothesis that brightness of colors is associated with positivity. Our results showed an implicit association between brightness and positivity in both Study 1 and Study 2, however, an explicit association between brightness and positivity was only found in Study 2, thereby replicating 3 out of 4 effects. To investigate these effects in more detail, we present a meta-analysis of both the original and the replication study. This indicated a large effect 1.31 [1.12, 1.51]. In addition, we used meta-analysis to assess potential moderators of the effect, in particular stimulus type (chromatic vs. achromatic) and measure type (implicit vs. explicit). This indicated that the effect is stronger when measured implicitly than when measured explicitly and that the effect is stronger when achromatic stimuli are used. In sum, we take these findings to indicate that there is a strong and replicable association between brightness and positivity. These findings offer researchers interested in the effect concrete tools when designing a study investigating the effect with regard to effect size estimates for power analysis as well as stimulus and measurement design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Specker
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, AT
- Faculty of Historical and Cultural Studies, Department of Art History, University of Vienna, Vienna, AT
| | - Helmut Leder
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, AT
- Research Platform Cognitive Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, AT
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Henik A, Bugg JM, Goldfarb L. Inspired by the past and looking to the future of the Stroop effect. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2018; 189:1-3. [PMID: 29961545 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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