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Escamilla I, Juan N, Benito A, Castellano-García F, Rodríguez-Ruiz F, Haro G. Substance Addiction in Adolescents: Influence of Parenting and Personality Traits. Brain Sci 2024; 14:449. [PMID: 38790428 PMCID: PMC11119795 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use in adolescents has been separately related to personality traits and parental socialization styles; in this study, our objective was to study these variables in an integrated way. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in five institutes in a final sample of 331 students, excluding those with gaming disorder. The sample was stratified into three subgroups: 'no addiction', 'low risk', and 'high risk' of Substance Use Disorders (SUD). RESULTS 12.9% of the adolescents presented a low risk of SUD, while 18.3% showed a high risk, with both being older (F = 9.16; p < 0.001) than the no addiction group. Adolescents with high risk scored lower in control and structure variables and higher in maternal and paternal indifference factors. Non-addicted subjects presented higher scores in conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness and lower scores in neuroticism. The probability of SUD increased with age (OR = 2.187; p = 0.022), sensation seeking (OR = 1.084; p < 0.001), and neuroticism (OR = 1.049; p = 0.042), while conscientiousness was a protective factor (OR = 0.930; p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS These results reflect that personality traits are directly related to the development of substance abuse in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Escamilla
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Hospitalari Provincial de Castelló, 12002 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Nerea Juan
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Hospitalari Provincial de Castelló, 12002 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Ana Benito
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- Torrente Mental Health Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisca Castellano-García
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- Department of Educational Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Francesc Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Hospitalari Provincial de Castelló, 12002 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Haro
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Hospitalari Provincial de Castelló, 12002 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
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Eslava D, Martínez-Vispo C, Villanueva-Blasco VJ, Errasti JM, Al-Halabí S. Dual alcohol and cannabis use in male and female adolescents: Relationships with family variables. Addict Behav 2023; 146:107798. [PMID: 37406404 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Family dynamics influence adolescents' use of alcohol and other substances, such as cannabis. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between family variables and alcohol use, dual use of alcohol and cannabis, and non-use in adolescents according to sex. A cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample comprised 879 adolescents (56.4 % boys; M(SD)age = 14.25 (1.88) years). Multinomial regression analysis showed that for boys, the presence of family conflict increased the likelihood of being an alcohol (OR = 1.19) and dual (OR = 1.23) user rather than a non-user. For girls, communication reduced the probability of being an alcohol user (OR = 0.88), and the presence of consequences for breaking rules reduced the probability of being a dual user rather than a non-user (OR = 0.83) or an alcohol user (OR = 0.84). These findings highlight the importance of family prevention of adolescents' substance use, bearing in mind the participants' sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Eslava
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza de Feijoo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmela Martínez-Vispo
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Calle Xosé María Suárez Núñez, s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - José Manuel Errasti
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza de Feijoo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Susana Al-Halabí
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza de Feijoo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
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Torrejón‐Guirado M, Lima‐Serrano M, Mercken L, de Vries H. Which factors are associated with cannabis use among adolescents in Andalusia? An application of the
I‐Change
model. J Nurs Scholarsh 2022; 55:739-750. [PMID: 35986702 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis use is increasing among Andalusian adolescents, causing health, social and financial problems. School nurses visit schools and provide health promotion to adolescents in Andalusia. In order to better tailor health promotion programs, it is important to understand the sociodemographic and motivational factors related to cannabis use in Andalusian adolescents. DESIGN/METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 369 students (aged 15-18 years) from secondary schools in Andalusia were involved. An anonymous questionnaire based on the I-Change Model was self-administered during school hours. Cannabis users were compared with non-cannabis users regarding sociodemographic and motivational factors. Contingency tables, mean comparison tests, and logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS The prevalence of cannabis use in the last year was 21.6%. Non-cannabis users had a few positive beliefs toward cannabis use (e.g. the ability to relax or medical benefits), as well as users. Users recognized some disadvantages of cannabis use but played down their importance and mentioned more advantages. Moreover, social influence, especially from peers, plays a critical role in cannabis use. Specific social situations and moods seemed to be special risk factors for cannabis use, such as being at a celebration or feeling good. Results of regression analysis showed that cannabis use is mainly associated with age, low family function, low family affluence, high pocket money, perceiving few disadvantages of cannabis use, much social modeling of cannabis use, social norm and pressure favoring cannabis, low self-efficacy to resist using cannabis and positive intentions to use cannabis. CONCLUSIONS Based on our results, prevention programmes lead by nurses can be tailored to the factors important to prevent cannabis use, focusing on outlining the disadvantages of cannabis use, alternatives for using cannabis when feeling good, increasing salience of healthy social influences and reinforcing self-efficacy to resist temptations to use cannabis are recommended. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Nurses need to know the sociodemographic factors and motivations associated with the use of cannabis in adolescents in order to establish effective preventive interventions at school.
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Affiliation(s)
- María‐Carmen Torrejón‐Guirado
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry University of Seville Seville Spain
- Department of Health Promotion Care and Public Health Research Institute CAPHRI, Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Marta Lima‐Serrano
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry University of Seville Seville Spain
| | - Liesbeth Mercken
- Department of Health Promotion Care and Public Health Research Institute CAPHRI, Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of Health Psychology Open University Heerlen Heerlen The Netherlands
| | - Hein de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion Care and Public Health Research Institute CAPHRI, Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
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Eslava D, Martínez-Vispo C, Villanueva-Blasco VJ, Errasti-Pérez JM, Al-Halabí S. Family Conflict and the Use of Conventional and Electronic Cigarettes in Adolescence: the Role of Impulsivity Traits. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAdolescents’ use of tobacco is a worldwide problem due to the negative consequences on their physical and psychosocial development. One contextual variable related to tobacco use is family conflict. Previous research has suggested that the relationship between family conflict and tobacco use could be mediated by personality traits. The aim of this study is to examine the direct and indirect effects of family conflict on tobacco use (conventional and electronic cigarettes) through specific impulsivity constructs. The sample comprised 879 adolescents (56.4% male; M(SD)age = 14.25 (1.88) years). Multiple mediational analysis showed that there was no significant direct effect between family conflict and tobacco use; however, an indirect effect was found between family conflict and conventional cigarette use through sensation seeking and premeditation. With electronic cigarettes, a significant indirect effect was found via sensation seeking. These findings have implications in terms of prevention and treatment of tobacco use during adolescence.
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Tse N, Tse S, Wong P, Adams P. Collective Motivational Interviewing for Substance Use Problems: Concept and Implications. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00736-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Shegaw M, Fekadu W, Beka M, Menberu M, Yohannes K, Yimer S, Seid M, Necho M, Moges S, Anbesaw T. Problematic substance use and its associated factors among street youth in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:930059. [PMID: 35966470 PMCID: PMC9365990 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.930059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problematic substance use is becoming a common problem in marginalized groups such as street youths. However, there is a dearth of studies on the prevalence and factors associated with problematic substance use among street youth in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of problematic substance use and identify its associated factors among street youth. METHODS This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between June and July 2020. A total of 252 participants were included in this study. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit participants. Cut down, annoyed, guilty feeling, and eye opening-adapted to include drugs (CAGE-AIDs) were used to assess problematic substance use. The data were entered into epidata and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Logistic regression with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to show the strength of association. A p-value < 0.5 was statistically significant. RESULTS The prevalence of problematic substance use was 55.8%, 95% CI (49-63%). Peer pressure [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.38, 6.59], family conflict [AOR = 5.05, 95% CI: 1.67, 15.25], physical abuse [AOR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.11, 5.84], and substance use in the family [AOR = 2.85, 95% CI: 1.29, 6.27] were the factors significantly associated with problematic substance use. CONCLUSION The prevalence of problematic substance use was high. It was also found that peer pressure, family conflict, substance use in the family, and physical abuse were the factors associated with problematic substance use. Therefore, proper screening and intervention for individuals with problematic substance use are needed, and further research should be conducted for marginalized groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maregu Shegaw
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Wubalem Fekadu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Michael Beka
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Melake Menberu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Kalkidan Yohannes
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Yimer
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Seid
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mogesie Necho
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Moges
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Tamrat Anbesaw
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Bataineh BS, Wilkinson AV, Case KR, Clendennen SL, Sumbe A, Chen B, Harrell MB. Emotional symptoms and sensation seeking: Implications for tobacco interventions for youth and young adults. Tob Prev Cessat 2021; 7:37. [PMID: 34046534 PMCID: PMC8138947 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/133571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although emotional symptoms and sensation seeking are recognized as important risk factors for tobacco use among youth and young adults, to date, their joint influence on tobacco use has not been examined. METHODS Data used in this study are from the Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance study, a population-based cohort. At baseline, in 2014, participants were in the 10th grade. Mixed-effects logistic regression models examined associations between emotional symptoms and sensation seeking in 2014 and odds of past 30-day cigarette and e-cigarette use in 2018. Interactions between emotional symptoms and sensation seeking were examined to assess whether one modifies the effect of the other on cigarette and e-cigarette use. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, school type, and ever use of cigarettes or e-cigarettes at baseline, adolescents with high emotional symptoms (AORcig=1.97; 95% CI:1.07–3.60, and AORe-cig=1.68; 95% CI: 1.06–2.66) and with high sensation seeking tendencies (AORcig=2.05; 95% CI: 1.03–4.10, and AORe-cig=1.68; 95% CI: 1.02–2.76) had significantly higher odds of past 30-day cigarette and e-cigarette use four years later compared to adolescents with low emotional symptoms and low sensation seeking tendencies. The interaction was significant (p=0.01) for e-cigarette use only; among low sensation seekers, adolescents who reported high levels of emotional symptoms were at increased risk for past 30-day use (AORe-cig=3.43; 95% CI: 1.38–8.51), and among adolescents with low emotional symptoms, high sensation seekers were at increased for risk for past 30-day use (AORe-cig=3.50; 95% CI: 1.54–7.91). CONCLUSIONS It is important for tobacco use prevention programs to consider both behavioral risk factors – sensation seeking and emotional symptoms – in an integrative way, to target high risk subgroups and thereby increase the efficacy of existing effective intervention strategies in order to curb tobacco use among youth and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bara S Bataineh
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Anna V Wilkinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Austin, United States
| | - Kathleen R Case
- Center for Research to Advance Community Health (ReACH), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, United States
| | - Stephanie L Clendennen
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Austin, United States
| | - Aslesha Sumbe
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Austin, United States
| | - Baojiang Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Austin, United States
| | - Melissa B Harrell
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Austin, United States
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Leslie FM. Unique, long-term effects of nicotine on adolescent brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 197:173010. [PMID: 32738256 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of major plasticity of brain systems that regulate motivated behavior and cognition, and is also the age of peak onset of nicotine use. Although there has been a decline in teen use of cigarettes in recent years, there has been a huge increase in nicotine vaping. It is therefore critically important to understand the impact of nicotine on this critical phase of brain development. Animal studies have shown that nicotine has unique effects on adolescent brain. The goal of this review is therefore to systematically evaluate age- and sex-differences in the effects of nicotine on brain and behavior. Both acute and chronic effects of nicotine on brain biochemistry and behavior, particularly drug reward, aversion, cognition and emotion, are evaluated. Gaps in our current knowledge that need to be addressed are also highlighted. This review compares and integrates human and animals findings. Although there can be no experimental studies in humans to confirm similar behavioral effects of teen nicotine exposure, an emerging observational literature suggests similarities across species. Given the substantial evidence for long-term negative impact of adolescent nicotine exposure on brain and behavior, further longitudinal assessment of health outcomes in teen and young adult e-cigarette users is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M Leslie
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 367 Med Surge II, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America.
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Prevalence and distribution pattern of mood swings in Thai adolescents: a school-based survey in the central region of Thailand. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:191. [PMID: 32349714 PMCID: PMC7189499 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mood swings (MS) are a widely discussed psychiatric ailment of youthful patients. However, there is a lack of research about MS in this population. METHODS A school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and distribution pattern of mood swings due to personal and contextual determinants in Thai adolescents in the central region of Thailand. Participants were 2598 students in high schools and vocational schools in Bangkok and three provinces in the central region of Thailand. RESULTS The prevalence of mood swings was 26.4%. It was highest among vocational students in Bangkok at 37.1%. MS were more common in adolescents who exhibited risk behaviors and who resided in hazardous situations. The probabilities of MS by characteristic in 15-24 years olds were: bullying involvement 36.9% (n = 1293), problematic social media use 55.9%(n = 127), high expressed emotion in family 36.6% (n = 1256), and studying in a vocational program 29.5% (n = 1216) and school located in Bangkok 32.4% (n = 561). Also, substance use was a risk for MS with cannabis use at 41.8%(n = 55) and heroin use at 48.0% (n = 25). Hierarchical logistic regression analysis showed that female gender, having a family history of mental problems, bullying involvement, problematic social media use, high expression of emotion in the family, and the interaction between vocational program enrollments and metropolitan/urban residence associated adolescent mood swings (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that the pattern of mood swings was associated with significant bullying involvement, social media use, family circumstance, and school characteristics. The public needs greater awareness of MS patterns and the positive implications of MS screening. Early preventive interventions that may limit later mental illness are needed.
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Trujillo CA, Obando D, Trujillo A. An examination of the association between early initiation of substance use and interrelated multilevel risk and protective factors among adolescents. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225384. [PMID: 31825955 PMCID: PMC6905657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major goals of drug use prevention programs is to delay the age of onset of substance use. What is called early initiation, usually occurring in adolescents under the age of 15, is a salient predictor of Substance Use Disorders later in adulthood. The causes of early initiation are complex and multifaceted and this has led to the identification of a rich set of risk and protective factors that influence age of onset. Nonetheless, there is little knowledge about the interdependence of these factors in their impact on early initiation. This paper addresses this question by applying Multiple Correspondence Analysis to data on family, community and social risk and protective factors from over 1200 adolescents. We find that community and to a lesser extent social factors are the most clearly associated to early initiation and we compare our results to those obtained from linear regression analyses of the same data that do not incorporate interdependence and find opposite results. We discuss the differences between linear regressions and MCA to evaluate the interplay of risk and protective factors and the implications of our findings for health policy and the design of prevention interventions aimed at delaying age of onset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Obando
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Angela Trujillo
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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