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Li L, Huang J, Liu Y. The extracellular matrix glycoprotein fibrillin-1 in health and disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1302285. [PMID: 38269088 PMCID: PMC10806136 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1302285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrillin-1 (FBN1) is a large, cysteine-rich, calcium binding extracellular matrix glycoprotein encoded by FBN1 gene. It serves as a structural component of microfibrils and provides force-bearing mechanical support in elastic and nonelastic connective tissue. As such, mutations in the FBN1 gene can cause a wide variety of genetic diseases such as Marfan syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by ocular, skeletal and cardiovascular abnormalities. FBN1 also interacts with numerous microfibril-associated proteins, growth factors and cell membrane receptors, thereby mediating a wide range of biological processes such as cell survival, proliferation, migration and differentiation. Dysregulation of FBN1 is involved in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, such as cancers, cardiovascular disorders and kidney diseases. Paradoxically, both depletion and overexpression of FBN1 upregulate the bioavailability and signal transduction of TGF-β via distinct mechanisms in different settings. In this review, we summarize the structure and expression of FBN1 and present our current understanding of the functional role of FBN1 in various human diseases. This knowledge will allow to develop better strategies for therapeutic intervention of FBN1 related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
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Godwin ARF, Dajani R, Zhang X, Thomson J, Holmes DF, Adamo CS, Sengle G, Sherratt MJ, Roseman AM, Baldock C. Fibrillin microfibril structure identifies long-range effects of inherited pathogenic mutations affecting a key regulatory latent TGFβ-binding site. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:608-618. [PMID: 37081316 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-00950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Genetic mutations in fibrillin microfibrils cause serious inherited diseases, such as Marfan syndrome and Weill-Marchesani syndrome (WMS). These diseases typically show major dysregulation of tissue development and growth, particularly in skeletal long bones, but links between the mutations and the diseases are unknown. Here we describe a detailed structural analysis of native fibrillin microfibrils from mammalian tissue by cryogenic electron microscopy. The major bead region showed pseudo eightfold symmetry where the amino and carboxy termini reside. On the basis of this structure, we show that a WMS deletion mutation leads to the induction of a structural rearrangement that blocks interaction with latent TGFβ-binding protein-1 at a remote site. Separate deletion of this binding site resulted in the assembly of shorter fibrillin microfibrils with structural alterations. The integrin αvβ3-binding site was also mapped onto the microfibril structure. These results establish that in complex extracellular assemblies, such as fibrillin microfibrils, mutations may have long-range structural consequences leading to the disruption of growth factor signaling and the development of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R F Godwin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Rana Dajani
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Xinyang Zhang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jennifer Thomson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - David F Holmes
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Christin S Adamo
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerhard Sengle
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael J Sherratt
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Alan M Roseman
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Clair Baldock
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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Peng D, Fu M, Wang M, Wei Y, Wei X. Targeting TGF-β signal transduction for fibrosis and cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:104. [PMID: 35461253 PMCID: PMC9033932 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) has long been identified with its intensive involvement in early embryonic development and organogenesis, immune supervision, tissue repair, and adult homeostasis. The role of TGF-β in fibrosis and cancer is complex and sometimes even contradictory, exhibiting either inhibitory or promoting effects depending on the stage of the disease. Under pathological conditions, overexpressed TGF-β causes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) formation, which leads to fibrotic disease, and cancer. Given the critical role of TGF-β and its downstream molecules in the progression of fibrosis and cancers, therapeutics targeting TGF-β signaling appears to be a promising strategy. However, due to potential systemic cytotoxicity, the development of TGF-β therapeutics has lagged. In this review, we summarized the biological process of TGF-β, with its dual role in fibrosis and tumorigenesis, and the clinical application of TGF-β-targeting therapies.
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Yin X, Hao J, Yao Y. CRISPR/Cas9 in zebrafish: An attractive model for FBN1 genetic defects in humans. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1775. [PMID: 34324266 PMCID: PMC8580104 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the fibrillin‐1 gene (FBN1) are associated with various heritable connective tissue disorders (HCTD). The most studied HCTD is Marfan syndrome. Ninety percent of Marfan syndrome is caused by mutations in the FBN1 gene. The zebrafish share high genetic similarity to humans, representing an ideal model for genetic research of human diseases. This study aimed to generate and characterize fbn1+/− mutant zebrafish using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene‐editing technology. Methods CRISPR/Cas9 was applied to generate an fbn1 frameshift mutation (fbn1+/−) in zebrafish. F1 fbn1+/− heterozygotes were crossed with transgenic fluorescent zebrafish to obtain F2 fbn1+/− zebrafish. Morphological abnormalities were assessed in F2 fbn1+/− zebrafish by comparing with the Tuebingen (TU) wild‐type controls at different development stages. Results We successfully generated a transgenic line of fbn1+/− zebrafish. Compared with TU wild‐type zebrafish, F2 fbn1+/− zebrafish exhibited noticeably decreased pigmentation, increased lengths, slender body shape, and abnormal cardiac blood flow from atrium to ventricle. Conclusion We generated the first fbn1+/− zebrafish model using CRISPR/Cas9 gene‐editing approach to mimic FBN1 genetic defects in humans, providing an attractive model of Marfan syndrome and a method to determine the pathogenicity of gene mutation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Yin
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxiu Hao
- Clinical Biobank Center, the Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Adamo CS, Zuk AV, Sengle G. The fibrillin microfibril/elastic fibre network: A critical extracellular supramolecular scaffold to balance skin homoeostasis. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:25-37. [PMID: 32920888 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular networks composed of fibrillins (fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2) and associated ligands form intricate cellular microenvironments which balance skin homoeostasis and direct remodelling. Fibrillins assemble into microfibrils which are not only indispensable for conferring elasticity to the skin, but also control the bioavailability of growth factors targeted to the extracellular matrix architecture. Fibrillin microfibrils (FMF) represent the core scaffolds for elastic fibre formation, and they also decorate the surface of elastic fibres and form independent networks. In normal dermis, elastic fibres are suspended in a three-dimensional basket-like lattice of FMF intersecting basement membranes at the dermal-epidermal junction and thus conferring pliability to the skin. The importance of FMF for skin homoeostasis is illustrated by the clinical features caused by mutations in the human fibrillin genes (FBN1, FBN2), summarized as "fibrillinopathies." In skin, fibrillin mutations result in phenotypes ranging from thick, stiff and fibrotic skin to thin, lax and hyperextensible skin. The most plausible explanation for this spectrum of phenotypic outcomes is that FMF regulate growth factor signalling essential for proper growth and homoeostasis of the skin. Here, we will give an overview about the current understanding of the underlying pathomechanisms leading to fibrillin-dependent fibrosis as well as forms of cutis laxa caused by mutational inactivation of FMF-associated ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin S Adamo
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra V Zuk
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerhard Sengle
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB), Cologne, Germany
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