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Jogezai NA, Baloch FA, Jaffar M, Shah T, Khilji GK, Bashir S. Teachers' attitudes towards social media (SM) use in online learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic: the effects of SM use by teachers and religious scholars during physical distancing. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06781. [PMID: 33948511 PMCID: PMC8080042 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The adoption of physical distancing and quarantine amid the COVID-19 pandemic to contain virus spread has left the world with schools' closure. In response, schools have shifted into online learning in developed societies while the developing world struggles to opt for online learning due to limited infrastructure and capacity and religious beliefs, in some communities, that discourage online learning. However, there has been a significant increase in the use of Social Media (SM) observed across developing and developed societies and religious communities amid physical distancing. This study was conducted to explore the possibility of SM use in online learning by exploring teachers' attitudes in relation to the effects of physical distancing and increased SM use, SM knowledge and religious leaders' SM use. In a quantitative investigation method, the researchers used a questionnaire as a primary tool to collect the data from 252 teachers of both public and private schools. Partial Least Square Structural Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used as an analysis method to assess and measure the proposed model. The findings are significant to inform how physical distancing amid the pandemic has influenced teachers' attitudes to opt for social media use in online learning. The findings have implications for teachers worldwide, particularly in developing countries, to switch to online learning using SM under challenging situations like the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fozia Ahmed Baloch
- Department of Education, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jaffar
- Department of Economics, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Pakistan
| | - Tariq Shah
- Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Pakistan
| | - Gulab Khan Khilji
- Bureau of Curriculum, Education Department, Government of Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Siraj Bashir
- Department of Social Work, University of Balochistan Quetta, Pakistan
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Carmassi C, Bertelloni CA, Dell'Oste V, Luperini C, Marazziti D, Rossi R, Dell'Osso L. PTSD and Suicidal Behaviors Amongst L'Aquila 2009 Earthquake Young Survivors. Front Public Health 2021; 9:590753. [PMID: 33643987 PMCID: PMC7902690 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.590753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most frequent and severe psychiatric consequences of natural disasters, frequently associated with suicidality. The aim of this study was at examining the possible relationships between suicidal behaviors and full-blown or partial PTSD, in a sample of young earthquake survivors. The second aim was at investigating the specific role of PTSD symptoms on suicidality. Methods: A total of 475 young adults who survived the L'Aquila 2009 earthquake, one of the most severe Italian disasters of the last decades, were recruited and assessed after 21 months from the catastrophe. Participants were evaluated by two questionnaires assessing subthreshold psychopathology, the Trauma and Loss Spectrum Self-Report (TALS-SR) to investigate both full and partial PTSD, and two specific Mood Spectrum Self-Report (MOODS-SR) sub-domains exploring suicidality, namely suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Results: The ensuing findings showed that suicidal ideation and suicide attempts were present, respectively, in 40 (8.4%) and 11 (2.3%) survivors. Rates of suicidal ideation were significantly more elevated in full-blown PTSD subjects (group 1), as compared with those suffering from partial (group 2) or no PTSD (group 3). Interestingly, group 2 subjects showed significantly more suicidal ideation than healthy individuals, and less than those of group 1, while the frequency of suicide attempts was similar across the three groups. Suicidal ideation was associated with higher scores in the following TALS-SR domains: grief-reactions, re-experiencing, avoidance and numbing, maladaptive coping, and personal characteristics/risk factor. Conclusions: The results of the present study support and extend previous findings on the role of PTSD symptoms in suicidality after a severe earthquake. However, as compared with available literature, they also highlight the significant impact of sub-threshold PTSD manifestations in increasing the suicide risk in survivors of a mass disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Antonio Bertelloni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Dell'Oste
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Luperini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Rossi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Liliana Dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Chen Y, Lam C, Deng H, Ko KY. Changes Over Time in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Among Children Who Survived the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Predictive Variables. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:691765. [PMID: 34630174 PMCID: PMC8492922 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.691765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study examines changes over time in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among children who survived the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and the relevant predictive variables. Methods: A total of 203 children and adolescents were investigated 24 months after the earthquake, and 151 children and adolescents completed the 1-year follow-up study. Participants completed the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the predictors of changes in PTSD severity. Results: Eighty percent of the children still had some PTSD symptoms 2 years after the Wenchuan earthquake, and 66.25% of the children had symptoms that lasted 3 years. In the model predicting PTSD symptom severity, the loss of family members and child burial explained a significant 21.9% of the variance, and depression explained a significant 16.7% of the variance. In the model predicting changes in PTSD severity, the change scores for resilience and depression explained a significant 18.7% of the variance, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) explained a significant 33.6% of the variance. Conclusions: PTSD symptoms in children and adolescents can persist for many years after trauma. In addition to using psychological interventions to improve PTSD symptoms, improvements in depression and resilience should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chow Lam
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hong Deng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kam Ying Ko
- Hong Kong Youth Foundation, Hong Kong, China
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Jahangiri K, Yousefi K, Mozafari A, Sahebi A. The Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation after the Earthquake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 49:2330-2338. [PMID: 34178739 PMCID: PMC8215057 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v49i12.4815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Disasters have many health consequences such as suicide ideation as one of the relatively common psychological consequences after natural disasters, especially earthquakes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of post-earthquake suicidal ideation in affected people. Methods: Related keywords of this systematic review and meta-analysis in English and their Persian equivalents were searched in the data resources including Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science from Jan 2014 to May 2019. The STROBE checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the articles. The I2 index was used to determine the heterogeneity and the random-effects model was used in meta-analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted in the STATA software version 14. Results: Overall, 14347 subjects including 6662 males and 7715 females with the mean age of 23.88 ± 15.81yr old were assessed. The prevalence of post-earthquake suicidal ideation was 20.34% (95% CI: 13.60–27.08, P<0.001, I2=99.1). The prevalence of suicidal ideation showed a decreasing trend based on the year of the study and the duration of post-earthquake follow-up. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of post-earthquake suicidal ideation showed a decreasing trend, the probability of incidence of these thoughts in the long-term is still noticeable. Therefore, implementing a surveillance system is recommended to monitor the mental health status of earthquakes survivors for the possibility of suicidal thoughts in the short and long term recovery phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Jahangiri
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Yousefi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Aliashraf Mozafari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sahebi
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tang W, Xu D, Xu J. The mediating role of alexithymia between earthquake exposure and psychopathology among adolescents 8.5 years after the wenchuan earthquake. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.109881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chen YL, Kuo PH. Effects of perceived stress and resilience on suicidal behaviors in early adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:861-870. [PMID: 31492979 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal behaviors are significant public health issues. The aim of the current study is to examine the effects of perceived stress and resilience on suicidal ideation (SI), plan (SP), and attempt (SA) among early adolescents. A longitudinal study was conducted with data collected from 1035 junior high-school students at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Participants were assessed for suicidal behaviors, resilience, and perceived stress. Logistic regression was performed to analyze for the associations between independent variables and suicidal behaviors. 210 (20.3%) of the participants reported to have SI, 59 (5.7%) had SP, and 49 (4.7%) had SA at baseline. Perceived stress was a strong risk factor (p < 0.001) for SI (OR 1.16-1.18), SP (OR 1.20-1.21), and SA (OR 1.12-1.16) while accounting for different dimensions of resilience. Students with persistent high stress during the 1-year follow-up period had significantly increased risk of SI (OR 7.14-9.64), SP (OR 3.92-6.37), and SA (OR 3.76-3.84) than the persistent low-stress group (p < 0.01). Increased perceived stress scale (PSS) (OR 2.89-3.15) and decreased PSS (OR 2.47) also had a higher risk for SI than persistent low PSS group. Moreover, students with high perceived stress who reported to have higher hope and optimism were less likely to show SI (OR 0.90, p = 0.001) and SP (OR 0.87, p = 0.002) at baseline, and the problem-solving and cognitive maturity mature dimension of resilience showed a significant protective effect on SP longitudinally (OR 0.25, p = 0.003). Perceived stress substantially increased the risk for suicidal behaviors, and moderates the protective effect of resilience on suicide. Considering both risk and protective factors of suicidal behaviors is essential in designing future suicide prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ling Chen
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Rm.521, No.17, XuZhou Rd., Taipei City, 100, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Rm.521, No.17, XuZhou Rd., Taipei City, 100, Taiwan.
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Hasinuddin M, Noviana U, Fitriah F. Family Support System as an Effort to Optimize Coping Mechanism of Preschool Children During Hospitalization. JURNAL NERS 2020. [DOI: 10.20473/jn.v14i2.17212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The condition of the child during hospitalisation can experience stress due to environmental changes. Child coping mechanism is very supportive of the adaptation process. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of family support system on coping mechanisms during hospitalisation. Methods: It was quasi-experimental with pre-test post-test with control group design. The study population was preschool children who were treated in the Hospital of Bangkalan, East Java Province, Indonesia. Total sample was 60 respondents in treatment and control group and obtained consecutive sampling. The variables were family support system and coping mechanism. Data collection used Children’s Coping Behavior questionnaire and tested by paired t-test. Results: The treatment group showed the coping mechanism was mostly maladaptive (mean=34.07) and after the intervention most of them had adaptive coping (mean=46.87). Whereas in the control group before the intervention, the coping mechanism was mostly maladaptive (mean=36.22) and after the intervention most of the coping groups had maladaptive coping (mean=36.74). Conclusion: Family support systems play an important role in improving the adaptive coping of preschool children during hospitalisation. Nurses should maximise family support as a strategy in interacting with children to enhance coping mechanisms to reduce the stress of hospitalisation.
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Kawahara K, Ushijima H, Usami M, Takebayashi M. No Associations of Psychological Symptoms and Suicide Risk with Disaster Experiences in Junior High School Students 5 Years After the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:2377-2387. [PMID: 33116537 PMCID: PMC7571580 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s269835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Natural disasters such as earthquakes can cause substantial damage and trauma, especially to children. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of disaster experience on psychological symptoms, suicide risk, and associated factors in junior high school students 5 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE). The hypothesis of this study was that psychological symptoms and suicide risk of junior high school students are associated with disaster experience. METHODS A cross-sectional survey consisting of questionnaires and face-to-face interviews with students at two junior high schools in Ishinomaki city, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, about psychological symptoms, disaster situations, and their current environment 5 years after the GEJE was conducted. In total, data from 264 (117 boys [44.3%] and 147 girls [55.7%]) students were analyzed. RESULTS There were no associations between disaster experience and PTSSC-15, DSRS-C, and SCAS scores. Those with evacuation experience and still living in temporary housing had significantly higher scores on the oppositional defiant behavior inventory (ODBI). Of these students, 29 (11.0%) were considered to have suicide risk 5 years after the GEJE. The presence of depressive symptoms was the only factor related to suicide risk; no associations were found with sex, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, or other factors reported in previous studies, including disaster experience. CONCLUSIONS Disaster experience was not associated with psychological symptoms (PTSD, depression, anxiety) and suicide risk in junior high school students 5 years after the GEJE. The suicide risk appears to be the same as that in the general population in Japan. However, attention should be paid to externalization problems and depressive symptoms, an important suicide risk factor, even 5 years after the GEJE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kawahara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirokage Ushijima
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahide Usami
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minoru Takebayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Huang HW, Wang RH. Roles of protective factors and risk factors in suicidal ideation among adolescents in Taiwan. Public Health Nurs 2019; 36:155-163. [DOI: 10.1111/phn.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Huang
- Department of Nursing; Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hsia Wang
- Department of Medical Research; College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan
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Tang W, Xu D, Li B, Lu Y, Xu J. The relationship between the frequency of suicidal ideation and sleep disturbance factors among adolescent earthquake victims in China. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2018; 55:90-97. [PMID: 30448743 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the frequency of suicidal ideation (SI) and identify exposure variables, mental health, and sleep-related risk factors of SI among adolescents following the 2013 Ya'an earthquake. METHODS Participants consisted of 5563 adolescent students selected through random sampling from 11 primary and high schools in the counties most severely affected by the earthquake. They were asked to complete the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale-13, Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, and Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders. Multinomial logistic analysis was used to identify possible relationships between SI and psychopathology, sleep problems, earthquake exposures or demographic characteristics. The mediation analysis was used to identify direct and indirect effects among sleep problems, psychopathology, earthquake exposures and SI. RESULTS Our findings suggest that 29.5% of the sample experienced SI during the past year (12.9% once, 11.9% twice, 2.6% on 3-4 occasions and 2.1% on at least 5 occasions). Multiple sleeping problems, including trouble falling asleep, shorter sleep duration, and daytime dysfunction, showed independent associations with SI. The mediation analysis suggested that depression and anxiety mainly mediated the association of sleep with SI. LIMITATIONS This study was cross-sectional and did not include controls. No baseline data were collected prior to the earthquake. CONCLUSION SI can be a serious problem among adolescents following a major earthquake, especially those who are older, who live in one-child households, or who are female. Years after a disaster, we found that exposure severity, psychopathology and sleep impairment all contributed to SI, and that earthquake exposure may have disrupted sleep and worsened mood, which in turn may have impacted SI. By enhancing teenagers' sleep management and shaping their activities, post-disaster intervention programs may help prevent SI among Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjie Tang
- Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Centre for Educational and Health Psychology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Mental Health Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dun Xu
- Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Li
- Mental Health Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuping Xu
- Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Suicidality, posttraumatic stress, and depressive reactions after earthquake and maltreatment: A cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 6132 chinese children and adolescents. J Affect Disord 2018; 232:363-369. [PMID: 29510354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surviving an earthquake can greatly increase the risk of suicidality among children and adolescents, especially if they experience physical and emotional neglect or abuse within the family after the earthquake. How various types of childhood adversity affect the vulnerability of adolescents to suicidality after exposure to a natural disaster is not well understood. This study examined the relationships among different types of earthquake exposure, childhood trauma, psychopathology and suicidality. METHODS Suicidality, the level of earthquake exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and maltreatment, including physical and emotional abuse and neglect, were assessed in 6132 child and adolescent survivors randomly selected from three primary schools, five junior high schools, two senior high schools and one six-year high school in Baoxing, Lushan and Tianquan counties, which were the areas most severely affected by the 2013 Ya'an earthquake. RESULTS The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) scores were high, with 27.8% of the participants scoring at or above the cut-off score of 7. Multivariate regression showed that emotional abuse and depression experienced after the earthquake contributed to the suicide risk, whereas emotional neglect and PTSD made somewhat smaller contributions. The mediation analysis suggested that PTSD and depression symptoms partially mediated the association of suicidality with emotional neglect or abuse. The PTSD, depression and suicidality scores were generally higher for females than for males, whereas the depression and suicidality scores were higher for older than younger respondents. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the need for the implementation of school-based, adolescent-centered suicide prevention programs in the long-term aftermath of exposure to traumatic events. Interventions may also need to be tailored to gender and developmental stage. Suicidality is independently associated with emotional abuse, neglect, depression and PTSD symptoms in this disaster-exposed young population. Longitudinal studies should explore whether depression and PTSD symptoms mediate the relationship between past emotional abuse or neglect and the current suicide risk.
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Polysubstance and Behavioral Addictions in a Patient with Bipolar Disorder: Role of Lifetime Subthreshold Autism Spectrum. Case Rep Psychiatry 2018; 2018:1547975. [PMID: 29682383 PMCID: PMC5842737 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1547975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This case report draws attention to the potential relevance of undetected autism spectrum symptoms in a bipolar patient with high work functioning showing a peculiar addictive profile with impulsive and antisocial behaviors. A 23-year-old man with a diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder (BD) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) was hospitalized at the Psychiatric Clinic of the University of Pisa for diuretics and β-2 adrenergic agonist abuse in a remission phase of benzodiazepines and substance abuse. He reported a history of behavioral addictions in the framework of a global high work functioning with particular skills in computer science. When assessed for adult autism spectrum symptoms, despite not fulfilling a DSM-5 diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), he reported a score of 93/240 at the Ritvo Autism and Asperger Diagnostic Scale (RAADS-r) and of 88/160 at the Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum (AdAS Spectrum), both indicative of ASD. We argue the possible role of adult subthreshold autism spectrum features, generally disregarded in adult psychiatry, in the peculiar addictive profile developed by this patient with BD that may deserve appropriate treatment.
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Fedunina N, Bannikov G, Pavlova T, Vikhristyuk O, Bazhenova M. Coping with stress in adolescents with self-harm and suicidal behavior. КОНСУЛЬТАТИВНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ И ПСИХОТЕРАПИЯ 2018. [DOI: 10.17759/cpp.2018260203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents the results of the study of coping specifics in adolescents at risk of self-injurious and suicidal behavior (N=174). We hypothesized that profiles of coping depended on the types of actual stress. We took into consideration the following types of stressful circumstances: parental divorce, death of relatives or loved ones, conflict with parents, serious somatic disease, academic failure and school problems, unrequited love, other, no actual stress. We discovered both common and stress-specific coping strategies. One of the common coping strategies is avoidance that is used more often in all stressful situations. Moreover, the sample was distinguished by increasing low-level strategies, rather than decreasing high-level strategies (such as planning or reappraisal). Applications to prevention measures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T.S. Pavlova
- Moscow State University of Psychology & Education
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O'Leary-Barrett M, Pihl RO, Conrod PJ. Process variables predicting changes in adolescent alcohol consumption and mental health symptoms following personality-targeted interventions. Addict Behav 2017; 75:47-58. [PMID: 28692954 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify key process variables that are associated with changes in alcohol consumption and mental health symptoms over 12months following personality-targeted interventions in youth. METHOD 154 high-risk youth (aged 12-13years) in 7 Montreal high schools were identified using the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale and participated in personality-matched interventions. Preliminary process variables were identified using a combination of psychotherapy process variables and youth-generated (qualitative) feedback immediately post-intervention. RESULTS Learning, skill development and a positive group experience were key to positive behavioural change. Youth-generated feedback independently accounted for 12-25% of the variance in the change in alcohol use and mental health symptoms over 12months. Changes in cognitive distortions and self-esteem accounted for somewhat less of the variance in alcohol use (0-9%), but a moderate-to-large portion of the variance in changes in mental health symptoms (up to 44%). CONCLUSIONS The study findings highlight candidate process variables relevant to future implementations of this program that might inform change processes relevant to brief interventions with youth more generally. This study suggests that youth experiences can indicate proximal measures of program efficacy, and has implications for the dissemination of this brief intervention program. Clinical Trial registered on www.ClinicalTrials.gov, "Does Delaying Adolescent Substance Use Lead to Improved Cognitive Function and Reduce Risk for Addiction", study NCT01655615.
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Li D, Zhang R, Liu S, Liu J, Zhang T. The Characteristics of Chinese Adolescents With Suicidal Ideation: A Mixed-Methods Approach. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0743558417723603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a mixed-methods study to explore the characteristics of Chinese adolescents with suicidal ideation, using both quantitative and qualitative data and analysis. Participants were N = 244 adolescents, who completed self-report assessments of suicidal ideation, as well as indices of psychological functioning and well-being. A subset of n = 6 high and n = 6 low suicidal ideation adolescents participated in the follow-up interviews. Among the quantitative results, as compared with adolescents with low suicidal ideation, adolescents with high suicidal ideation reported significantly higher scores for stressful life events, coping-avoidant strategies, loneliness, and depression, as well as significantly lower scores for coping-approach strategies. Among the qualitative results, adolescents with high suicidal ideation demonstrated the following characteristics: (a) most troubled by academic pressures and relations, (b) negative self-evaluations, (c) maladaptive understanding of life and death, (d) individual-oriented attributions, and (e) negative coping strategies and self-fulfilling prophesy. These findings contribute to the early identification of adolescents who are at higher risk for suicide, further expand the stress and coping model with the distress-to-meaninglessness framework, and suggest that improving positive self-evaluation may be a focus of prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongwei Zhang
- Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Fujian Polytechnic of Information Technology, Fuzhou, China
| | | | | | - Ting Zhang
- Zhejiang Industry & Trade Vocational College, Wenzhou, China
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Guo J, He H, Fu M, Han Z, Qu Z, Wang X, Guan L. Suicidality associated with PTSD, depression, and disaster recovery status among adult survivors 8 years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. Psychiatry Res 2017; 253:383-390. [PMID: 28437765 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been eight years since the Wenchuan earthquake. We don't know how the lives of those affected by the disaster may remain blighted by its effects, or how many remain thus affected. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship of disaster exposure, PTSD, depression and suicidal behaviors, using data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in earthquake-affected areas of China. 1369 participants were recruited from two different sites that were severely affected by the Wenchuan earthquake. The survey assessed suicidality (suicidal ideation, plans and attempts) and other mental health issues. Probable PTSD was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Chinese edition was used to assess depressive symptoms. The results showed that 11.2% of participants felt that their lives had not yet recovered from the effects of the Wenchuan earthquake, even after eight years. Suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts were reported by 9.1%, 2.9%, and 3.3%, respectively, of the respondents. PTSD, depression, and perceived non-recovery were highly associated with suicidality. These results indicate that suicidality can be a long-term mental health sequela of disaster. Targeted, long-term suicide prevention programs for adult survivors should be further developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Huan He
- Department of Public Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdou 610074, PR China
| | - Mingqi Fu
- School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Ziqiang Han
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Qu
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, China Institute of Health, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, China Institute of Health, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Liding Guan
- School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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The relationships of personal resources with symptom severity and psychosocial functioning in persons with schizophrenia: results from the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 267:285-294. [PMID: 27381016 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0710-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The relationships of personal resources with symptom severity and psychosocial functioning have never been tested systematically in a large sample of people with schizophrenia. We applied structural equation models to a sample of 921 patients with schizophrenia collected in a nationwide Italian study, with the aim to identify, among a large set of personal resources, those that may have an association with symptom severity or psychosocial functioning. Several relevant demographic and clinical variables were considered concurrently. Poor service engagement and poor recovery style, as well as older age and younger age at onset, were related to greater symptom severity and poorer social functioning. Higher resilience and higher education were related to better social functioning only. Poor problem-focused coping and internalized stigma, as well as male gender and depression, were related to symptom severity only. The explored variables showed distinctive and partially independent associations with symptom severity and psychosocial functioning. A deeper understanding of these relationships may inform treatment decisions.
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Rossetti MC, Tosone A, Stratta P, Collazzoni A, Santarelli V, Guadagni E, Rossi R, Rossi A. Different roles of resilience in depressive patients with history of suicide attempt and no history of suicide attempt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 39:216-219. [PMID: 28538755 PMCID: PMC7111383 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2016-2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Suicidal ideation is modulated by several risk and protective factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate differences between patients with a history of suicide attempt and those with no such history, with special attention to depression, interpersonal sensitivity, humiliation, and resilience. Methods: One hundred consecutively admitted patients with an index depressive episode were recruited. The Brief Symptom Inventory, Humiliation Inventory, and Resilience Scale for Adult were administered. Results: Scores for humiliation, interpersonal sensitivity, and depression were higher in subjects with history of suicide attempt, while higher scores for resilience were observed in the group with no such history. Different patterns of relationships among the variables of interest were found in the two groups. Resilience dimensions such as social resources and familial cohesion were strongly and negatively correlated with humiliation, interpersonal sensitivity, and depression in subjects with a past suicide attempt. Conclusions: Resilience factors can modulate and reduce the impact of suicide risk. Assessing risk and protective factors could enhance the ability to intervene appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Rossetti
- U.O.C. Psichiatria, Ospedale Civile San Salvatore, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Adele Tosone
- U.O.C. Psichiatria, Ospedale Civile San Salvatore, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paolo Stratta
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale ASL 1, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alberto Collazzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Universita degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | - Rodolfo Rossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Universita degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- U.O.C. Psichiatria, Ospedale Civile San Salvatore, L'Aquila, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Universita degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Different roles of resilience in a non clinical sample evaluated for family stress and psychiatric symptoms. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Resilience and coping in trauma spectrum symptoms prediction: A structural equation modeling approach. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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