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Hao J, Yang Z, Zhang R, Ma Z, Liu J, Bi H, Guo D. Crosstalk between heredity and environment in myopia: An overview. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29715. [PMID: 38660258 PMCID: PMC11040123 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the prevalence of myopia has gradually increased, and it has become a significant global public health problem in the 21st century, posing a serious challenge to human eye health. Currently, it is confirmed that the development of myopia is attributed to the combined action of genes and environmental factors. Thus, elucidating the risk factors and pathogenesis of myopia is of great significance for the prevention and control of myopia. To elucidate the impact of gene-environment interaction on myopia, we used the Pubmed database to search for literature related to myopia. Search terms are as follows: myopia, genes, environmental factors, gene-environment interaction, and treatment. This paper reviews the effects of gene and environmental interaction on myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Hao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Zhongyu Ma
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Jinpeng Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Jinan, 250002, China
- Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Jinan, 250002, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmology and Children Visual Impairment Prevention and Control, Jinan, 250002, China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of Visual Intelligence, Jinan, 250002, China
- Shandong Academy of Health and Myopia Prevention and Control of Children and Adolescents, Jinan, 250002, China
- Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Jinan, 250002, China
- Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Jinan, 250002, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmology and Children Visual Impairment Prevention and Control, Jinan, 250002, China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of Visual Intelligence, Jinan, 250002, China
- Shandong Academy of Health and Myopia Prevention and Control of Children and Adolescents, Jinan, 250002, China
- Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
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Sánchez-Cazorla E, González-Atienza C, López-Vázquez A, Arruti N, Nieves-Moreno M, Noval S, Mena R, Rodríguez-Jiménez C, Rodríguez-Solana P, González-Iglesias E, Guerrero-Carretero M, D’Anna Mardero O, Coca-Robinot J, Acal JC, Blasco J, Castañeda C, Fraile Maya J, Del Pozo Á, Gómez-Pozo MV, Montaño VEF, Dios-Blázquez LD, Rodríguez-Antolín C, Gómez-Cano MDLÁ, Delgado-Mora L, Vallespín E. Whole-Exome Sequencing of 21 Families: Candidate Genes for Early-Onset High Myopia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15676. [PMID: 37958660 PMCID: PMC10649067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
High myopia is the most severe and pathological form of myopia. It occurs when the spherical refractive error exceeds -6.00 spherical diopters (SDs) or the axial length (AL) of the eye is greater than 26 mm. This article focuses on early-onset high myopia, an increasingly common condition that affects children under 10 years of age and can lead to other serious ocular pathologies. Through the genetic analysis of 21 families with early-onset high myopia, this study seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the role of genetics in this disease and to propose candidate genes. Whole-exome sequencing studies with a panel of genes known to be involved in the pathology were performed in families with inconclusive results: 3% of the variants found were classified as pathogenic, 6% were likely pathogenic and the remaining 91% were variants of uncertain significance. Most of the families in this study were found to have alterations in several of the proposed genes. This suggests a polygenic inheritance of the pathology due to the cumulative effect of the alterations. Further studies are needed to validate and confirm the role of these alterations in the development of early-onset high myopia and its polygenic inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloísa Sánchez-Cazorla
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.-C.); (C.G.-A.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (P.R.-S.); (E.G.-I.); (M.V.G.-P.); (V.E.F.M.)
| | - Carmen González-Atienza
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.-C.); (C.G.-A.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (P.R.-S.); (E.G.-I.); (M.V.G.-P.); (V.E.F.M.)
| | - Ana López-Vázquez
- Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (S.N.); (M.G.-C.); (O.D.M.); (J.C.-R.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Natalia Arruti
- Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (S.N.); (M.G.-C.); (O.D.M.); (J.C.-R.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (J.F.M.)
- European Reference Network on Eye Diseases (ERN-EYE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Nieves-Moreno
- Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (S.N.); (M.G.-C.); (O.D.M.); (J.C.-R.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (J.F.M.)
- European Reference Network on Eye Diseases (ERN-EYE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Noval
- Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (S.N.); (M.G.-C.); (O.D.M.); (J.C.-R.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (J.F.M.)
- European Reference Network on Eye Diseases (ERN-EYE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Mena
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.-C.); (C.G.-A.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (P.R.-S.); (E.G.-I.); (M.V.G.-P.); (V.E.F.M.)
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.-C.); (C.G.-A.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (P.R.-S.); (E.G.-I.); (M.V.G.-P.); (V.E.F.M.)
| | - Patricia Rodríguez-Solana
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.-C.); (C.G.-A.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (P.R.-S.); (E.G.-I.); (M.V.G.-P.); (V.E.F.M.)
| | - Eva González-Iglesias
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.-C.); (C.G.-A.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (P.R.-S.); (E.G.-I.); (M.V.G.-P.); (V.E.F.M.)
| | - Marta Guerrero-Carretero
- Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (S.N.); (M.G.-C.); (O.D.M.); (J.C.-R.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Oriana D’Anna Mardero
- Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (S.N.); (M.G.-C.); (O.D.M.); (J.C.-R.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Javier Coca-Robinot
- Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (S.N.); (M.G.-C.); (O.D.M.); (J.C.-R.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Juan Carlos Acal
- Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (S.N.); (M.G.-C.); (O.D.M.); (J.C.-R.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Joana Blasco
- Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (S.N.); (M.G.-C.); (O.D.M.); (J.C.-R.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Carlos Castañeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (S.N.); (M.G.-C.); (O.D.M.); (J.C.-R.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Jesús Fraile Maya
- Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (S.N.); (M.G.-C.); (O.D.M.); (J.C.-R.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Ángela Del Pozo
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Clinical Bioinformatics Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, CIBERER, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.D.-B.); (C.R.-A.)
| | - María V. Gómez-Pozo
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.-C.); (C.G.-A.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (P.R.-S.); (E.G.-I.); (M.V.G.-P.); (V.E.F.M.)
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Victoria E. F. Montaño
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.-C.); (C.G.-A.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (P.R.-S.); (E.G.-I.); (M.V.G.-P.); (V.E.F.M.)
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lucía De Dios-Blázquez
- Clinical Bioinformatics Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, CIBERER, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.D.-B.); (C.R.-A.)
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-Antolín
- Clinical Bioinformatics Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, CIBERER, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.D.-B.); (C.R.-A.)
| | - María de Los Ángeles Gómez-Cano
- Clinical Genetics Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, CIBERER, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.L.Á.G.-C.); (L.D.-M.)
| | - Luna Delgado-Mora
- Clinical Genetics Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, CIBERER, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.L.Á.G.-C.); (L.D.-M.)
| | - Elena Vallespín
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.-C.); (C.G.-A.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (P.R.-S.); (E.G.-I.); (M.V.G.-P.); (V.E.F.M.)
- European Reference Network on Eye Diseases (ERN-EYE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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Pan XB, He YS, Lu Z, Pan HR, Wei ZY, Jin YY, Wang J, Chen JH. Epitranscriptomic investigation of myopia-associated RNA editing in the retina. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1220114. [PMID: 37449273 PMCID: PMC10336353 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1220114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Myopia is one of the most common causes of vision loss globally and is significantly affected by epigenetics. Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I RNA) editing is an epigenetic process involved in neurological disorders, yet its role in myopia remains undetermined. We performed a transcriptome-wide analysis of A-to-I RNA editing in the retina of form-deprivation myopia mice. Our study identified 91 A-to-I RNA editing sites in 84 genes associated with myopia. Notably, at least 27 (32.1%) of these genes with myopia-associated RNA editing showed existing evidence to be associated with myopia or related ocular phenotypes in humans or animal models, such as very low-density lipoprotein receptor (Vldlr) in retinal neovascularization and hypoxia-induced factor 1 alpha (Hif1a). Moreover, functional enrichment showed that RNA editing enriched in FDM was primarily involved in response to fungicides, a potentially druggable process for myopia prevention, and epigenetic regulation. In contrast, RNA editing enriched in controls was mostly involved in post-embryonic eye morphogenesis. Our results demonstrate altered A-to-I RNA editing associated with myopia in an experimental mouse model and warrant further study on its role in myopia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Bin Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Shan He
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zijing Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao-Ran Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wei
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun-Yun Jin
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jihong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian-Huan Chen
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Swierkowska J, Vishweswaraiah S, Mrugacz M, Radhakrishna U, Gajecka M. Differential methylation of microRNA encoding genes may contribute to high myopia. Front Genet 2023; 13:1089784. [PMID: 36685896 PMCID: PMC9847511 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1089784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: High myopia (HM), an eye disorder with a refractive error ≤-6.0 diopters, has multifactorial etiology with environmental and genetic factors involved. Recent studies confirm the impact of alterations in DNA methylation and microRNAs (miRNAs) on myopia. Here, we studied the combined aspects evaluating to the role of methylation of miRNA encoding genes in HM. Materials and Methods: From the genome-wide DNA methylation data of 18 Polish children with HM and 18 matched controls, we retrieved differentially methylated CG dinucleotides localized in miRNA encoding genes. Putative target genes of the highest-ranked miRNAs were obtained from the miRDB and included in overrepresentation analyses in the ConsensusPathDB. Expression of target genes was assessed using the RNA sequencing data of retinal ARPE-19 cell line. Results: We identified differential methylation of CG dinucleotides in promoter regions of MIR3621, MIR34C, MIR423 (increased methylation level), and MIR1178, MIRLET7A2, MIR885, MIR548I3, MIR6854, MIR675, MIRLET7C, MIR99A (decreased methylation level) genes. Several targets of these miRNAs, e.g. GNAS, TRAM1, CTNNB1, EIF4B, TENM3 and RUNX were previously associated with myopia/HM/refractive error in Europeans in genome-wide association studies. Overrepresentation analyses of miRNAs' targets revealed enrichment in pathways/processes related to eye structure/function, such as axon guidance, transcription, focal adhesion, and signaling pathways of TGF-β, insulin, MAPK and EGF-EGFR. Conclusion: Differential methylation of indicated miRNA encoding genes might influence their expression and contribute to HM pathogenesis via disrupted regulation of transcription of miRNAs' target genes. Methylation of genes encoding miRNAs may be a new direction in research on both the mechanisms determining HM and non-invasive indicators in diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangeetha Vishweswaraiah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, United States
| | - Malgorzata Mrugacz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Uppala Radhakrishna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, United States
| | - Marzena Gajecka
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland,Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland,*Correspondence: Marzena Gajecka,
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Swierkowska J, Karolak JA, Vishweswaraiah S, Mrugacz M, Radhakrishna U, Gajecka M. Decreased Levels of DNA Methylation in the PCDHA Gene Cluster as a Risk Factor for Early-Onset High Myopia in Young Children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:31. [PMID: 36036911 PMCID: PMC9434983 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.9.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose High myopia (HM), an eye disorder with at least –6.0 diopters refractive error, has a complex etiology with environmental, genetic, and likely epigenetic factors involved. To complement the DNA methylation assessment in children with HM, we analyzed genes that had significantly lower DNA methylation levels. Methods The DNA methylation pattern was studied based on the genome-wide methylation data of 18 Polish children with HM paired with 18 controls. Genes overlapping CG dinucleotides with decreased methylation level in HM cases were assessed by enrichment analyses. From those, genes with CG dinucleotides in promoter regions were further evaluated based on exome sequencing (ES) data of 16 patients with HM from unrelated Polish families, Sanger sequencing data of the studied children, and the RNA sequencing data of human retinal ARPE-19 cells. Results The CG dinucleotide with the most decreased methylation level in cases was identified in a promoter region of PCDHA10 that overlaps intronic regions of PCDHA1–9 of the PCDHA gene cluster in myopia 5q31 locus. Also, two single nucleotide variants, rs200661444, detected in our ES, and rs246073, previously found as associated with a refractive error in a genome-wide association study, were revealed within this gene cluster. Additionally, genes previously linked to ocular phenotypes, myopia-related traits, or loci, including ADAM20, ZFAND6, ETS1, ABHD13, SBSPON, SORBS2, LMOD3, ATXN1, and FARP2, were found to have decreased methylation. Conclusions Alterations in the methylation pattern of specific CG dinucleotides may be associated with early-onset HM, so this could be used to develop noninvasive biomarkers of HM in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justyna A Karolak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sangeetha Vishweswaraiah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States
| | - Malgorzata Mrugacz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Uppala Radhakrishna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States
| | - Marzena Gajecka
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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González-Iglesias E, López-Vázquez A, Noval S, Nieves-Moreno M, Granados-Fernández M, Arruti N, Rosa-Pérez I, Pacio-Míguez M, Montaño VEF, Rodríguez-Solana P, del Pozo A, Santos-Simarro F, Vallespín E. Next-Generation Sequencing Screening of 43 Families with Non-Syndromic Early-Onset High Myopia: A Clinical and Genetic Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4233. [PMID: 35457050 PMCID: PMC9031962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-onset high myopia (EoHM) is a disease that causes a spherical refraction error of ≥-6 diopters before 10 years of age, with potential multiple ocular complications. In this article, we report a clinical and genetic study of 43 families with EoHM recruited in our center. A complete ophthalmological evaluation was performed, and a sample of peripheral blood was obtained from proband and family members. DNA was analyzed using a customized next-generation sequencing panel that included 419 genes related to ophthalmological disorders with a suspected genetic cause, and genes related to EoHM pathogenesis. We detected pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in 23.9% of the families and detected variants of unknown significance in 76.1%. Of these, 5.7% were found in genes related to non-syndromic EoHM, 48.6% in genes associated with inherited retinal dystrophies that can include a syndromic phenotype, and 45.7% in genes that are not directly related to EoHM or retinal dystrophy. We found no candidate genes in 23% of the patients, which suggests that further studies are needed. We propose a systematic genetic analysis for patients with EoHM because it helps with follow-up, prognosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva González-Iglesias
- Section of Molecular Ophthalmology, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-I.); (V.E.F.M.); (P.R.-S.)
| | - Ana López-Vázquez
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - Susana Noval
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - María Nieves-Moreno
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - María Granados-Fernández
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - Natalia Arruti
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - Irene Rosa-Pérez
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - Marta Pacio-Míguez
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (A.d.P.); (F.S.-S.)
- Section of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria E. F. Montaño
- Section of Molecular Ophthalmology, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-I.); (V.E.F.M.); (P.R.-S.)
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (A.d.P.); (F.S.-S.)
| | - Patricia Rodríguez-Solana
- Section of Molecular Ophthalmology, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-I.); (V.E.F.M.); (P.R.-S.)
| | - Angela del Pozo
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (A.d.P.); (F.S.-S.)
- Section of Clinical Bioinformatics, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos-Simarro
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (A.d.P.); (F.S.-S.)
- Section of Clinical Genetics, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vallespín
- Section of Molecular Ophthalmology, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-I.); (V.E.F.M.); (P.R.-S.)
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (A.d.P.); (F.S.-S.)
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