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Ali ZS, Bhuiyan A, Vyas P, Miranda-Arboleda AF, Tse G, Bazoukis G, Burak C, Abuzeid W, Lee S, Gupta S, Meghdadi A, Baranchuk A. PR prolongation as a predictor of atrial fibrillation onset: A state-of-the-art review. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102469. [PMID: 38369207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
First-degree atrioventricular block (1-AVB), characterized by a PR interval exceeding 200 milliseconds, has traditionally been perceived as a benign cardiac condition. Recently, this perception has been challenged by investigations that indicate a potential association between PR prolongation and an elevated risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). To consolidate these findings, we performed a comprehensive review to assess the available evidence indicating a relationship between these two conditions. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases as well as manually searched references of retrieved articles. We selected 18 cohort studies/meta-analyses involving general and special populations. Consistent findings across expansive cohort studies reveal that incremental increases in the PR interval may serve as an independent risk factor for AF. However, our analyses underscore the need for further research into the association between 1-AVB, defined by a specified PR interval cutoff, and the risk of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain S Ali
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdullah Bhuiyan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Purav Vyas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - George Bazoukis
- Department of Cardiology, Larnaca General Hospital, Larnaca, Cyprus; School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Cengiz Burak
- Department of Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Center, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wael Abuzeid
- Department of Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Center, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharen Lee
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Shyla Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amin Meghdadi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Baranchuk
- Department of Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Center, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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Wildenbeest FWH, Hassing GJ, Kemme MJB, Moerland M, Gal P. Heart rate stability in a clinical setting and after a short exercise in healthy male volunteers. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2024; 44:36-43. [PMID: 37458374 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Limited data exist on heart rate stabilization in the domiciled nature of phase I clinical studies, particularly when frequent measurements of QT intervals are involved. The present analysis aimed to evaluate heart rate stability in the domiciled nature of, and stabilization after a short exercise. METHODS Fifty-six healthy male subjects were included in this analysis. Data during a domiciled clinical setting and after a short exercise were analysed. Mean values of 30 s intervals of collected electrocardiographical data (PR, RR, QT and QTcF intervals) during a 10-min supine resting period in a domiciled nature or after walking up and down three stories (100 steps) were compared to baseline values using paired t-tests or compared to the intrasubject standard deviation. RESULTS Stable heart rates and stable QTcF intervals observed immediately upon assuming a supine position in the domiciled clinical setting. After the short exercise, PR interval and RR interval were significantly (p < 0.05) shorter for up to 120 s (mean value -9.8 ± 7.2 ms) and 30 s (-160 ± 165 ms, p < 0.05), respectively. QT and QTcF intervals were significantly (p < 0.05) shorter for up to 90 and 120 s postexercise, respectively. Both QT and QTcF intervals stabilized after 2 min, but QT interval remained prolonged while QTcF interval returned to baseline levels. CONCLUSION In a clinical setting, male volunteers do not require a waiting period for electrocardiographic parameter normalization. However, accurate measurement of these parameters following a short exercise necessitates a minimum 2-min resting interval.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gert-Jan Hassing
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel J B Kemme
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Moerland
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Gal
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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False Negative ECG Device Results May Increase the Risk of Adverse Events in Clinical Oncology Trials. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2022; 56:667-676. [PMID: 35471562 PMCID: PMC9135776 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-022-00405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Sites participating in clinical trials may not have the expertise and infrastructure to accurately measure cardiac intervals on 12-lead ECGs and rely heavily on the automated ECG device generated results for clinical decision-making. Methods Using a dataset of over 260,000 ECGs collected in clinical oncology studies, we investigated the mean difference and the rate of false negative results between the digital ECG machine QTc and QRS measurements compared to those obtained by a centralized ECG core lab. Results The mean differences between the core lab and the automated algorithm QTcF and QRS measurements were + 1.8 ± 16.0 ms and − 1.0 ± 8.8 ms, respectively. Among the ECGs with a centralized QTcF value > 450 or > 470 ms, 39.5% and 47.8% respectively had a device reported QTcF value ≤ 450 ms or ≤ 470 ms. Among the ECGs with a centrally measured QTcF > 500 ms, 55.8% had a device reported value ≤ 500 ms. Automated QTcF measurements failed to detect a QTcF increase > 60 ms for 53.9% of the ECGs identified by the core lab. Automated measurements also failed to detect QRS prolongation, though to a lesser extent than failures to detect QTc prolongation. Among the ECGs with a centrally measured QRS > 110 or 120 ms, 7.9% and 7.3% respectively had a device reported QRS value ≤ 110 ms or ≤ 120 ms. Conclusion Relying on automated measurements from ECG devices for patient inclusion and treatment (dis)continuation decisions poses a potential risk to patients participating in oncology studies.
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Ingleby-Talecki L, van Dijkman SC, Oosterholt SP, Della Pasqua O, Winter C, Cunnington M, Rebar L, Forero-Schwanhaeuser S, Patel V, Cooper JA, Bahinski A, Chaudhary KW. Cardiac sodium channel inhibition by lamotrigine: in vitro characterization and clinical implications. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:1978-1989. [PMID: 35579204 PMCID: PMC9372421 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamotrigine, approved for use as an antiseizure medication as well as the treatment of bipolar disorder, inhibits sodium channels in the brain to reduce repetitive neuronal firing and pathological release of glutamate. The shared homology of sodium channels and lack of selectivity associated with channel blocking agents can cause slowing of cardiac conduction and increased proarrhythmic potential. The Vaughan‐Williams classification system differentiates sodium channel blockers using biophysical properties of binding. As such, Class Ib inhibitors, including mexiletine, do not slow cardiac conduction as measured by the electrocardiogram, at therapeutically relevant exposure. Our goal was to characterize the biophysical properties of NaV1.5 block and to support the observed clinical safety of lamotrigine. We used HEK‐293 cells stably expressing the hNaV1.5 channel and voltage clamp electrophysiology to quantify the potency (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration) against peak and late channel current, on‐/off‐rate binding kinetics, voltage‐dependence, and tonic block of the cardiac sodium channel by lamotrigine; and compared to clinically relevant Class Ia (quinidine), Ib (mexiletine), and Ic (flecainide) inhibitors. Lamotrigine blocked peak and late NaV1.5 current at therapeutically relevant exposure, with rapid kinetics and biophysical properties similar to the class Ib inhibitor mexiletine. However, no clinically meaningful prolongation in QRS or PR interval was observed in healthy subjects in a new analysis of a previously reported thorough QT clinical trial (SCA104648). In conclusion, the weak NaV1.5 block and rapid kinetics do not translate into clinically relevant conduction slowing at therapeutic exposure and support the clinical safety of lamotrigine in patients suffering from epilepsy and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Linda Rebar
- GSK US Regulatory Affairs, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | | | - Vickas Patel
- Former GSK Employee, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
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Cantanhêde SM, de Carvalho ISC, Hamoy M, Corrêa JAM, de Carvalho LM, Barbas LAL, Montag LFDA, Amado LL. Evaluation of cardiotoxicity in Amazonian fish Bryconops caudomaculatus by acute exposure to aluminium in an acidic environment. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 242:106044. [PMID: 34861573 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is soluble in acidic waters and may become toxic to organisms. In this study, the acute effects of two Al concentrations were evaluated in the Amazonian fish Bryconops caudomaculatus. Antioxidant responses and lipid damage were assessed in gills, liver and muscle, along with the electrocardiography (ECG) and characterization of cardiac complex and wave intervals. Fish were essayed as follows: two control groups at neutral and acidic pH and two exposure groups at acidic pH (0.3 mg/L and 3.0 mg/L Al). Water samples were collected at 0h, 24h and 48h, for chloride (Cl-), fluoride (F-) and sulphate (SO42-) ion analyses, while total Al was quantified in muscle. Concentrations of Cl- and SO42- were constant over time whereas F- was not detected. Total Al concentrations in water and muscle were concentration-dependent. Antioxidant responses, total antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP) and glutathione S-transferase were not triggered in fish tissues exposed to 0.3 mg/L Al; however, fish exposed to 3.0 mg/L Al presented increased and reduced ACAP in gills and liver, respectively. No changes in lipoperoxidation levels occurred among groups. Fish exposed to 0.3 mg/L Al showed prolonged intervals in ECG as a reflection of low heart rate (HR), with sinus bradycardia. Moreover, there was a marked prolongation of the PQ interval (time between the atrial activity and the start of ventricular activity), indicating interference on the cardiac cell automaticity. Fish exposed to the highest concentration of Al showed reduced wave intervals as a consequence of increased HR, with sinus arrhythmia, while ECG tracings did not present P waves (atrial contraction), indicating an atrioventricular blockade. In conclusion, 48h exposure sufficed to cause cardiotoxicity in B. caudomaculatus at either Al concentration. However, as oxidative stress was not observed, such cardiac alterations seem to be reversible under the experimental conditions established herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sildiane Martins Cantanhêde
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Irina Sofia Cardoso de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Moisés Hamoy
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Machado de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Análises Químicas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis André Luz Barbas
- Laboratório de Aquacultura de Espécies Tropicais, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Castanhal, PA, Brazil
| | - Luciano Fogaça de Assis Montag
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Lílian Lund Amado
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
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Hong JA, Lee SE, Kim SO, Kim MS, Lee HY, Cho HJ, Choi JO, Jeon ES, Hwang KK, Chae SC, Baek SH, Kang SM, Choi DJ, Yoo BS, Kim KH, Cho MC, Oh BH, Kim JJ. Determinants of left ventricular function improvement for cardiac resynchronization therapy candidates. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 9:283-292. [PMID: 34964278 PMCID: PMC8787974 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS A waiting period of more than 3 months is recommended for patients before undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). However, due to an anticipated high mortality rate, early implementation of CRT might be beneficial for some patients. We aimed to evaluate the rate and the probability of left ventricular (LV) function improvement and their predictors in patients with heart failure (HF) with indications for CRT. METHODS AND RESULTS From March 2011 to February 2014, a total of 5625 hospitalized patients for acute HF were consecutively enrolled in 10 tertiary hospitals. Among them, we analysed 1792 patients (mean age 63.96 ± 15.42 years, female 63.1%) with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 35% at the baseline echocardiography and divided them into three groups: 144 with left bundle branch block (LBBB), 136 with wide QRS complexes without LBBB, and 1512 not having these findings (control). We compared and analysed these three groups for improvement of LV function at follow-up echocardiography. In patients who met CRT indications (patients with LBBB or wide QRS complexes without LBBB), logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for no improvement of LV. No improvement of LV was defined as LVEF ≤ 35% at follow-up echocardiography or the composite adverse outcomes: death, heart transplantation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or use of a ventricular assist device before follow-up echocardiography. A classification tree was established using the binary recursive partitioning method to predict the outcome of patients who met CRT indications. In a median follow-up of 11 months, LVEF improvement was observed in 24.3%, 15.4%, and 40.5% of patients with LBBB, wide QRS complexes without LBBB, and control, respectively. Patients meeting CRT indications had higher 3 month mortality rates than the control (24.6% vs. 17.7%, P = 0.002). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that large LV end-systolic dimension [odds ratio (OR) 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.15, P < 0.001], low LVEF (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.98, P = 0.006), diabetes requiring insulin (OR 6.49, 95% CI 2.53-19.33, P < 0.001), and suboptimal medical therapy (OR 6.85, 95% CI 3.21-15.87, P < 0.001) were significant factors predictive of no improvement. A decision tree analysis was consistent with these results. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CRT indications had higher mortality during their follow-up compared with control. LV function improvement was rare in this population, especially when they had some risk factors. These results suggest that the uniform waiting period before CRT implantation could be reconsidered and individualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ae Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Seon-Ok Kim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Hae-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Oh Choi
- Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Jeon
- Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Kuk Hwang
- Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Shung Chull Chae
- Kyungpook National University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | | | - Seok-Min Kang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ju Choi
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Byung-Su Yoo
- Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Kye Hun Kim
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Myeong-Chan Cho
- Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Byung-Hee Oh
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Mediplex Sejong Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Joong Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
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Fienieg B, Hassing GJ, van der Wall HEC, van Westen GJP, Kemme MJB, Adiyaman A, Elvan A, Burggraaf J, Gal P. The association between body temperature and electrocardiographic parameters in normothermic healthy volunteers. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2020; 44:44-53. [PMID: 33179782 PMCID: PMC7894493 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies reported that hypo‐ and hyperthermia are associated with several atrial and ventricular electrocardiographical parameters, including corrected QT (QTc) interval. Enhanced characterization of variations in QTc interval and normothermic body temperature aids in better understanding the underlying mechanism behind drug induced QTc interval effects. The analysis’ objective was to investigate associations between body temperature and electrocardiographical parameters in normothermic healthy volunteers. Methods Data from 3023 volunteers collected at our center were retrospectively analyzed. Subjects were considered healthy after review of collected data by a physician, including a normal tympanic body temperature (35.5‐37.5°C) and in sinus rhythm. A linear multivariate model with body temperature as a continuous was performed. Another multivariate analysis was performed with only the QT subintervals as independent variables and body temperature as dependent variable. Results Mean age was 33.8 ± 17.5 years and mean body temperature was 36.6 ± 0.4°C. Body temperature was independently associated with age (standardized coefficient [SC] = −0.255, P < .001), female gender (SC = +0.209, P < .001), heart rate (SC = +0.231, P < .001), P‐wave axis (SC = −0.051, P < .001), J‐point elevation in lead V4 (SC = −0.121, P < .001), and QTcF duration (SC = −0.061, P = .002). In contrast, other atrial and atrioventricular (AV) nodal parameters were not independently associated with body temperature. QT subinterval analysis revealed that only QRS duration (SC = −0.121, P < .001) was independently associated with body temperature. Conclusion Body temperature in normothermic healthy volunteers was associated with heart rate, P‐wave axis, J‐point amplitude in lead V4, and ventricular conductivity, the latter primarily through prolongation of the QRS duration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hein E C van der Wall
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michiel J B Kemme
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmet Adiyaman
- Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Arif Elvan
- Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus Burggraaf
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Gal
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Sonaglioni A, Albini A, Fossile E, Pessi MA, Nicolosi GL, Lombardo M, Anzà C, Ambrosio G. Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography for Cardioncological Evaluation in Bevacizumab-Treated Colorectal Cancer Patients. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 20:581-592. [PMID: 32519318 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-020-09583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis inhibitor Bevacizumab (BVZ) may lead to the development of adverse effects, including hypertension and cardiac ischemia. Whether assessment of changes in myocardial strain by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) can be of value in detecting BVZ-mediated cardiotoxicity at an earlier stage is not known. We investigated whether 2D-STE can non-invasively detect early evidence of cardiotoxicity in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients treated with BVZ. Between January and June 2019, 25 consecutive patients (71.8 ± 7.5 year/old, 17 males) with mCRC were prospectively enrolled. Patients underwent physical examination, blood tests, and conventional 2D-transthoracic echocardiography implemented with 2D-STE analysis, at baseline and at 3 and 6 months following treatment with BVZ (15 mg/kg every 15 days) + 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid plus oxaliplatin (FOLFOX i.v.). At 6-month follow-up, we assessed occurrence of global longitudinal strain (GLS) impairment (> 15% decrease in GLS compared with baseline) as primary end-point and a new-onset systemic hypertension (secondary end-point). On average, GLS showed a progressive significant impairment after BVZ, from - 17.4 ± 3.2% at baseline to - 16 ± 2.9% (p = 0.003) at 6-month follow-up; > 15% decrease in GLS (primary end-point) was detected in 9 patients (36%). All other strain parameters remained unchanged. New-onset systemic hypertension (secondary end-point) was diagnosed in five patients (20%). No significant changes were observed in serial high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I measurements. No patient developed significant changes in LV size or LV ejection fraction; no case of clinically symptomatic HF was observed during BVZ-treatment. Measurement of GLS by 2D-STE analysis can effectively detect BVZ-mediated cardiotoxicity at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sonaglioni
- Department of Cardiology, Ospedale San Giuseppe IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Fossile
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale San Giuseppe IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Lombardo
- Department of Cardiology, Ospedale San Giuseppe IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Anzà
- Cardiovascular Department, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ambrosio
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "S. Maria Della Misericordia", Perugia, Italy
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Cantanhêde SM, Hamoy M, Montag LFDA, Amado LL. Electrophysiological responses in Amazonian fish species Bryconops caudomaculatus (Osteichthyes: Characiformes) as biomarkers of xenobiotic toxicity. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 228:108653. [PMID: 31683014 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sublethal exposures to environmental pollutants may cause changes in physiological parameters. Thus, knowledge of basal physiological rates of the species and the development of methods to quantify these rates are extremely important. Considering the scarcity of cardiac and muscle physiological studies in native Amazonian fish species and that no evaluation of electrophysiological responses by exposure to a stressor has been reported in Bryconops caudomaculatus, the aim of this study was to develop techniques of electromyographic and electrocardiographic recordings of normal responses, during toxicity induction and short-term recovery. A total of 9 animals were used, divided into two groups: control group (n = 4) and treated group (n = 5), with records lasting 5 min. The results showed that the basal electromyographic records indicate that the studied species has a very intense swimming activity, whereas the basal cardiac parameters clearly showed the patterns in P wave tracing, QRS complex, T wave and Q-T and R-R intervals. During exposure to the stressor, muscle activity ceased presenting intense decrease and myorelaxant effect expected. Electrocardiographic responses confirmed cardiotoxicity with intense bradycardia, ventricular bigeminism, prolongation of QRS complex duration and cardiac arrhythmias, indicating cardiac dysfunction. It was concluded that the electrophysiological responses are excellent biomarkers and showed the susceptibility of the species to the tested substance. In addition, the electrocardiogram and the electromyogram are excellent techniques to reflect the degree of environmental stress when organisms are exposed to toxic substances in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sildiane Martins Cantanhêde
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Laboratório de Pesquisas em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Moisés Hamoy
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Luciano Fogaça de Assis Montag
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Lílian Lund Amado
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Laboratório de Pesquisas em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
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Prognostic Value of QRS Duration among Patients with Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Heart Failure: Data from the Korean Acute Heart Failure (KorAHF) Registry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE 2020; 2:121-130. [PMID: 36263287 PMCID: PMC9536664 DOI: 10.36628/ijhf.2019.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Prolonged QRS duration is associated with poor outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). However, the prognostic value of QRS duration in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute HF remains unknown. We evaluated the hypothesis that prolonged QRS duration may be associated with short-term mortality among acute HF patients with cardiogenic shock (CS). Methods From March 2011 through December 2013, a total of 5,625 acute HF patients were consecutively enrolled in ten tertiary university hospitals. Among them, we analyzed patients who presented with CS. Patients were divided into three groups by QRS duration cutoff values of 130 and 150 ms. The primary endpoint was 30-day in-hospital mortality. Results Two hundred eleven patients presented with CS at admission and those with available electrocardiograms were included in this analysis. There were 35 patients with QRS durations of 150 ms or above, 30 patients with QRS durations between 130 ms and 150 ms, and 146 patients with QRS durations below 130 ms. The 30-day all cause in-hospital mortality rates were 43.7%, 33.1%, and 24.9%, respectively. After multivariate adjustment, severe prolonged QRS duration was a significant prognostic factor for 30-day in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio, 1.909; 95% confidence interval, 1.024–3.558; p=0.042). Conclusions Prolonged QRS duration was associated with a higher risk of 30-day in-hospital mortality among patients with acute HF who presented with CS. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01389843
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11
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Duque TLA, Cascabulho CM, Oliveira GM, Henriques-Pons A, Menna-Barreto RFS. Rapamycin Treatment Reduces Acute Myocarditis Induced by Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. J Innate Immun 2019; 12:321-332. [PMID: 31801138 DOI: 10.1159/000504322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease affects millions of people mainly in Latin America and is a protozoan illness caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Chagasic cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of mortality of infected patients, due to compromised electrical and mechanical cardiac function induced by tissue remodeling, especially fibrosis, and lymphocytic infiltration. Some cellular biochemical pathways can be protective to the heart, and we tested if the in vivo activation of the autophagic machinery by rapamycin could reduce parasite-induced myocarditis. Regarding the expression of LC3, an autophagy marker, we observed its upregulation in the cardiac tissue of infected untreated mice. However, after rapamycin treatment, an autophagy inducer, infected mice showed reduced electrical cardiac dysfunctions, myocarditis, cardiac damage, and reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the heart. On the other hand, the parasite's life cycle was not affected, and we observed no modulations in cardiac tissue or blood parasitemia. Our data indicate that, at least partially, autophagy induction controls inflammation in the heart¸ illustrating the complexity of the pathways that concur to the development of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabata L A Duque
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cynthia M Cascabulho
- Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel M Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Henriques-Pons
- Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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12
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Impaired Recovery of Left Ventricular Function in Patients With Cardiomyopathy and Left Bundle Branch Block. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 71:306-317. [PMID: 29348023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) often respond to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improvement. Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT), not CRT, is first-line therapy for patients with reduced LVEF with LBBB. However, there are little data on how patients with reduced LVEF and LBBB respond to GDMT. OBJECTIVES This study examined patients with cardiomyopathy and sought to assess rates of LVEF improvement for patients with LBBB compared to other QRS morphologies. METHODS Using data from the Duke Echocardiography Laboratory Database, the study identified patients with baseline electrocardiography and LVEF ≤35% who had a follow-up LVEF 3 to 6 months later. The study excluded patients with severe valve disease, a cardiac device, left ventricular assist device, or heart transplant. QRS morphology was classified as LBBB, QRS duration <120 ms (narrow QRS duration), or a wide QRS duration ≥120 ms but not LBBB. Analysis of variance testing compared mean change in LVEF among the 3 groups with adjustment for significant comorbidities and GDMT. RESULTS There were 659 patients that met the criteria: 111 LBBB (17%), 59 wide QRS duration ≥120 ms but not LBBB (9%), and 489 narrow QRS duration (74%). Adjusted mean increase in LVEF over 3 to 6 months in the 3 groups was 2.03%, 5.28%, and 8.00%, respectively (p < 0.0001). Results were similar when adjusted for interim revascularization and myocardial infarction. Comparison of mean LVEF improvement between patients with LBBB on GDMT and those not on GDMT showed virtually no difference (3.50% vs. 3.44%). The combined endpoint of heart failure hospitalization or mortality was highest for patients with LBBB. CONCLUSIONS LBBB is associated with a smaller degree of LVEF improvement compared with other QRS morphologies, even with GDMT. Some patients with LBBB may benefit from CRT earlier than guidelines currently recommend.
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13
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Vicente J, Zusterzeel R, Johannesen L, Ochoa-Jimenez R, Mason JW, Sanabria C, Kemp S, Sager PT, Patel V, Matta MK, Liu J, Florian J, Garnett C, Stockbridge N, Strauss DG. Assessment of Multi-Ion Channel Block in a Phase I Randomized Study Design: Results of the CiPA Phase I ECG Biomarker Validation Study. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 105:943-953. [PMID: 30447156 PMCID: PMC6654598 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Balanced multi‐ion channel‐blocking drugs have low torsade risk because they block inward currents. The Comprehensive In Vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) initiative proposes to use an in silico cardiomyocyte model to determine the presence of balanced block, and absence of heart rate corrected J‐Tpeak (J‐Tpeakc) prolongation would be expected for balanced blockers. This study included three balanced blockers in a 10‐subject‐per‐drug parallel design; lopinavir/ritonavir and verapamil met the primary end point of ΔΔJ‐Tpeakc upper bound < 10 ms, whereas ranolazine did not (upper bounds of 8.8, 6.1, and 12.0 ms, respectively). Chloroquine, a predominant blocker of the potassium channel encoded by the ether‐à‐go‐go related gene (hERG), prolonged ΔΔQTc and ΔΔJ‐Tpeakc by ≥ 10 ms. In a separate crossover design, diltiazem (calcium block) did not shorten dofetilide‐induced ΔQTc prolongation, but shortened ΔJ‐Tpeakc and prolonged ΔTpeak‐Tend. Absence of J‐Tpeakc prolongation seems consistent with balanced block; however, small sample size (10 subjects) may be insufficient to characterize concentration‐response in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Vicente
- Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Robbert Zusterzeel
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Lars Johannesen
- Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Roberto Ochoa-Jimenez
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jay W Mason
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Spaulding Clinical Research, West Bend, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Sarah Kemp
- Spaulding Clinical Research, West Bend, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Vikram Patel
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Murali K Matta
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiang Liu
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffry Florian
- Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine Garnett
- Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Norman Stockbridge
- Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - David G Strauss
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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14
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Nhola LF, Abdelmoneim SS, Villarraga HR, Kohli M, Grothey A, Bordun KA, Cheung M, Best R, Cheung D, Huang R, Barros-Gomes S, Pitz M, Singal PK, Jassal DS, Mulvagh SL. Echocardiographic Assessment for the Detection of Cardiotoxicity Due to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitor Therapy in Metastatic Renal Cell and Colorectal Cancers. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2018; 32:267-276. [PMID: 30459123 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardio-oncology is a recently established discipline that focuses on the management of patients with cancer who are at risk for developing cardiovascular complications as a result of their underlying oncologic treatment. In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor (VEGF-i) therapy is commonly used to improve overall survival. Although these novel anticancer drugs may lead to the development of cardiotoxicity, whether early detection of cardiac dysfunction using serial echocardiography could potentially prevent the development of heart failure in this patient population requires further study. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in the detection of cardiotoxicity due to VEGF-i therapy in patients with mCRC or mRCC. METHODS Patients with mRCC or mCRC were evaluated using serial echocardiography at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months following VEGF-i treatment. RESULTS A total of 40 patients (34 men; mean age, 63 ± 9 years) receiving VEGF-i therapy were prospectively recruited at two academic centers: 26 (65%) were receiving sunitinib, eight (20%) pazopanib, and six (15%) bevacizumab. The following observations were made: (1) 8% of patients developed clinically asymptomatic cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction; (2) 30% of patients developed clinically significant decreases in global longitudinal strain, a marker for early subclinical cardiac dysfunction; (3) baseline abnormalities in global longitudinal strain may identify a subset of patients at higher risk for developing cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction; and (4) new or worsening hypertension was the most common adverse cardiovascular event, afflicting nearly one third of the study population. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac dysfunction defined by serial changes in myocardial strain assessed using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography occurs in patients undergoing treatment with VEGF-i for mCRC or mRCC, which may provide an opportunity for preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara F Nhola
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sahar S Abdelmoneim
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Cardiology, Orman Heart Center, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Manish Kohli
- Department of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Axel Grothey
- Department of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kimberly-Ann Bordun
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matthew Cheung
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ryan Best
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David Cheung
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Runqing Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Marshall Pitz
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pawan K Singal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Davinder S Jassal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sharon L Mulvagh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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15
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Abstract
Tricyclic antidepressants are used to treat a variety of mental disorders, and are considered a common cause of fatal drug poisoning. This study reports a young woman with no history of cardiac diseases who presented to the emergency department with heart palpitation, weakness, and lethargy. After a short period of time, she became unconscious and experienced hypotension and refractory arrhythmia, finally being diagnosed with imipramine poisoning. Accurate history taking and the possible causes of these complications including cardio-toxic drug poisoning should be considered in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Azdaki
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Science, Birjand, Iran
| | - Samaneh Nakhaee
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nasim Zamani
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Mehrpour
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
- Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver, CO, USA.
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16
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Aizawa Y, Hosaka Y, Oda H, Fuse K, Okabe M, Kaneko Y, Takahashi N, Zaizen H, Aizawa Y, Fukuda K. Dynamicity of hypothermia-induced J waves and the mechanism involved. Heart Rhythm 2018; 16:74-80. [PMID: 30048693 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND J waves develop during hypothermia, but the dynamicity of hypothermia-induced J waves is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the rate-dependent change in the amplitude of hypothermia-induced J waves. METHODS Nineteen patients with severe hypothermia were included (mean age 70 ± 12 years; 16 men [84.2%]). The rectal temperature at the time of admission was 27.8° ± 2.5°C. In addition to prolonged PR, QRS complex, and corrected QT intervals, the distribution of prominent J waves was widespread in all 19 patients. RESULTS Nine patients showed changes in RR intervals. When the RR interval shortened from 1353 ± 472 to 740 ± 391 ms (P = .0002), the J-wave amplitude increased from 0.50 ± 0.29 to 0.61 ±0.27 mV (P = .0075). The J-wave amplitude increased in 7 patients (77.8%) and decreased in 2 patients (22.2%) after short RR intervals. The augmentation of J waves at short RR intervals was associated with a significant prolongation of ventricular activation time (35 ± 5 ms vs 46 ± 5 ms; P = .0020), suggesting accentuated conduction delay. Increased conduction delay at short RR intervals was suggested to accentuate the phase 1 notch of the action potential and J waves in hypothermia. None developed ventricular fibrillation, and in 2 of 9 patients with atrial fibrillation, atrial fibrillation persisted after rewarming to normothermia. CONCLUSION J waves in severe hypothermia were augmented after short RR intervals in 7 patients as expected for depolarization abnormality, whereas 2 patients showed a bradycardia-dependent augmentation as expected for transient outward current-mediated J waves. Increased conduction delay at short RR intervals can be responsible for the accentuation of the transient outward current and J waves during severe hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifusa Aizawa
- Research and Development, Tachikawa Medical Center/Niigata University, Nagaoka/Niigata, Japan.
| | - Yukio Hosaka
- Department of Cardiology, Niigata City Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Oda
- Department of Cardiology, Niigata City Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koichi Fuse
- Department of Cardiology, Tachikawa General Hospital, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Okabe
- Department of Cardiology, Tachikawa General Hospital, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kaneko
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | | | - Hirofumi Zaizen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Koseiren Ttsurumi Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Aizawa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Dan GA, Martinez-Rubio A, Agewall S, Boriani G, Borggrefe M, Gaita F, van Gelder I, Gorenek B, Kaski JC, Kjeldsen K, Lip GYH, Merkely B, Okumura K, Piccini JP, Potpara T, Poulsen BK, Saba M, Savelieva I, Tamargo JL, Wolpert C, Sticherling C, Ehrlich JR, Schilling R, Pavlovic N, De Potter T, Lubinski A, Svendsen JH, Ching K, Sapp JL, Chen-Scarabelli C, Martinez F. Antiarrhythmic drugs–clinical use and clinical decision making: a consensus document from the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacology, endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) and International Society of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy (ISCP). Europace 2018; 20:731-732an. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe-Andrei Dan
- Colentina University Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antoni Martinez-Rubio
- University Hospital of Sabadell (University Autonoma of Barcelona), Plaça Cívica, Campus de la UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan Agewall
- Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Oslo, Søsterhjemmet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Martin Borggrefe
- Universitaetsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Klinik, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fiorenzo Gaita
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Citta' della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Isabelle van Gelder
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bulent Gorenek
- Department of Cardiology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Büyükdere Mahallesi, Odunpazarı/Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Juan Carlos Kaski
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Keld Kjeldsen
- Copenhagen University Hospital (Holbæk Hospital), Holbæk, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Centre For Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bela Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ken Okumura
- Saiseikai Akumamoto Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Tatjana Potpara
- School of Medicine, Belgrade University; Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Magdi Saba
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Irina Savelieva
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Juan L Tamargo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Wolpert
- Department of Medicine - Cardiology, Klinikum Ludwigsburg, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | | | - Joachim R Ehrlich
- Medizinische Klinik I-Kardiologie, Angiologie, Pneumologie, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Richard Schilling
- Barts Heart Centre, Trustee Arrhythmia Alliance and Atrial Fibrillation Association, London, UK
| | - Nikola Pavlovic
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Centre Sestre milosrdnice, Croatia
| | | | - Andrzej Lubinski
- Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Kierownik Kliniki Kardiologii Interwencyjnej, i Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca, Kierownik Katedry Chorób Wewnętrznych i Kardiologii, Uniwersytecki Szpital Kliniczny im WAM-Centralny Szpital Weteranów, Poland
| | | | - Keong Ching
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Felipe Martinez
- Instituto DAMIC/Fundacion Rusculleda, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Singh M, Kanoujia J, Parashar P, Arya M, Tripathi CB, Sinha VR, Saraf SK, Saraf SA. Augmented bioavailability of felodipine through an α-linolenic acid-based microemulsion. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 8:204-225. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Xing N, Ji L, Song J, Ma J, Li S, Ren Z, Xu F, Zhu J. Cadmium stress assessment based on the electrocardiogram characteristics of zebra fish (Danio rerio): QRS complex could play an important role. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 191:236-244. [PMID: 28869925 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The electrocardiogram (ECG) of zebra fish (Danio rerio) expresses cardiac features that are similar to humans. Here we use sharp microelectrode measurements to obtain ECG characteristics in adult zebra fish and analyze the effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) on the heart. We observe the overall changes of ECG parameters in different treatments (0.1 TU, 0.5 TU and 1.0 TU CdCl2), including P wave, Q wave, R wave, S wave, T wave, PR interval (atrial contraction), QRS complex (ventricular depolarization), ST segment, and QT interval (ventricular repolarization). The trends of the ECG parameters showed some responses to the concentration and exposure time of CdCl2, but it was difficult to obtain more information about the useful indicators in water quality assessment depending on tendency analysis alone. A self-organizing map (SOM) showed that P values, R values, and T values were similar; R wave and T wave amplitude were similar; and most important, QRS value was similar to the CdCl2 stress according to the classified data patterns including CdCl2 stress (E) and ECG components based on the Ward linkage. It suggested that the duration of QRS complex was related to environmental stress E directly. The specification and evaluation of ECG parameters in Cd2+ pollution suggested that there is a markedly significant correlation between QRS complex and CdCl2 stress with the highest r (0.729) and the smallest p (0.002) among all ECG characteristics. In this case, it is concluded that QRS complex can be used as an indicator in the CdCl2 stress assessment due to the lowest AIC data abased on the linear regression model between the CdCl2 stress and ECG parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xing
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhen Ji
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchun Ma
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangge Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongming Ren
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fei Xu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Bergenholm L, Parkinson J, Mettetal J, Evans ND, Chappell MJ, Collins T. Predicting QRS and PR interval prolongations in humans using nonclinical data. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3268-3283. [PMID: 28675424 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Risk of cardiac conduction slowing (QRS/PR prolongations) is assessed prior to clinical trials using in vitro and in vivo studies. Understanding the quantitative translation of these studies to the clinical situation enables improved risk assessment in the nonclinical phase. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Four compounds that prolong QRS and/or PR (AZD1305, flecainide, quinidine and verapamil) were characterized using in vitro (sodium/calcium channels), in vivo (guinea pigs/dogs) and clinical data. Concentration-matched translational relationships were developed based on in vitro and in vivo modelling, and the in vitro to clinical translation of AZD1305 was quantified using an in vitro model. KEY RESULTS Meaningful (10%) human QRS/PR effects correlated with low levels of in vitro Nav 1.5 block (3-7%) and Cav 1.2 binding (13-21%) for all compounds. The in vitro model developed using AZD1305 successfully predicted QRS/PR effects for the remaining drugs. Meaningful QRS/PR changes in humans correlated with small effects in guinea pigs and dogs (QRS 2.3-4.6% and PR 2.3-10%), suggesting that worst-case human effects can be predicted by assuming four times greater effects at the same concentration from dog/guinea pig data. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Small changes in vitro and in vivo consistently translated to meaningful PR/QRS changes in humans across compounds. Assuming broad applicability of these approaches to assess cardiovascular safety risk for non-arrhythmic drugs, this study provides a means of predicting human QRS/PR effects of new drugs from effects observed in nonclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bergenholm
- Biomedical and Biological Systems Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Parkinson
- Early Clinical Development, Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Mettetal
- Safety and ADME Translational Sciences, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - N D Evans
- Biomedical and Biological Systems Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - M J Chappell
- Biomedical and Biological Systems Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - T Collins
- Safety and ADME Translational Sciences, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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Kienast R, Handler M, Stöger M, Baumgarten D, Hanser F, Baumgartner C. Modeling hypothermia induced effects for the heterogeneous ventricular tissue from cellular level to the impact on the ECG. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182979. [PMID: 28813535 PMCID: PMC5558962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothermia has a profound impact on the electrophysiological mechanisms of the heart. Experimental investigations provide a better understanding of electrophysiological alterations associated with cooling. However, there is a lack of computer models suitable for simulating the effects of hypothermia in cardio-electrophysiology. In this work, we propose a model that describes the cooling-induced electrophysiological alterations in ventricular tissue in a temperature range from 27°C to 37°C. To model the electrophysiological conditions in a 3D left ventricular tissue block it was essential to consider the following anatomical and physiological parameters in the model: the different cell types (endocardial, M, epicardial), the heterogeneous conductivities in longitudinal, transversal and transmural direction depending on the prevailing temperature, the distinct fiber orientations and the transmural repolarization sequences. Cooling-induced alterations on the morphology of the action potential (AP) of single myocardial cells thereby are described by an extension of the selected Bueno-Orovio model for human ventricular tissue using Q10 temperature coefficients. To evaluate alterations on tissue level, the corresponding pseudo electrocardiogram (pECG) was calculated. Simulations show that cooling-induced AP and pECG-related parameters, i.e. AP duration, morphology of the notch of epicardial AP, maximum AP upstroke velocity, AP rise time, QT interval, QRS duration and J wave formation are in good accordance with literature and our experimental data. The proposed model enables us to further enhance our knowledge of cooling-induced electrophysiological alterations from cellular to tissue level in the heart and may help to better understand electrophysiological mechanisms, e.g. in arrhythmias, during hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Kienast
- Institute of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, UMIT–University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall, Tyrol, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Handler
- Institute of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, UMIT–University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Markus Stöger
- Institute of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, UMIT–University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Daniel Baumgarten
- Institute of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, UMIT–University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall, Tyrol, Austria
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Friedrich Hanser
- Institute of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, UMIT–University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Christian Baumgartner
- Institute of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, UMIT–University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall, Tyrol, Austria
- Institute of Health Care Engineering with European Testing Center of Medical Devices, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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Montalvo M, Tadi P, Merkler A, Gialdini G, Martin-Schild S, Navalkele D, Samai A, Nouh A, Hussain M, Goldblatt S, Hemendinger M, Chu A, Song C, Kamel H, Furie KL, Yaghi S. PR Interval Prolongation and Cryptogenic Stroke: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:2416-2420. [PMID: 28666806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial dysfunction or "cardiopathy" has been recently proposed as a mechanism in cryptogenic stroke. A prolonged PR interval may reflect impaired atrial conduction and thus may be a biomarker of atrial cardiopathy. We aim to compare the prevalence of PR interval prolongation in patients with cryptogenic stroke (CS) when compared with known non-cryptogenic non-cardioembolic stroke (NCNCS) subtypes. METHODS We used prospective ischemic stroke databases of 3 comprehensive stroke centers to identify patients 18 years or older with a discharge diagnosis of ischemic non-cardioembolic stroke between December 1, 2013 and August 31, 2015. The main outcome was ischemic stroke subtype (CS versus NCNCS). We compared PR intervals as a continuous and categorical variable (<200 milliseconds; ≥200 milliseconds) and other clinical and demographic factors between the 2 groups and used multivariate regression analyses to determine the association between PR interval prolongation and CS. RESULTS We identified 644 patients with ischemic non-cardioembolic stroke (224 CS and 420 NCNCS). Patients with CS were more likely to have a PR of 200 milliseconds or greater when compared with those with NCNCS (23.2% versus 13.8%, P = .009). After adjusting for factors that were significant in univariate analyses, a PR of 200 milliseconds or greater was independently associated with CS (odds ratio [OR] 1.70, 95% CI 1.08-2.70). The association was more pronounced when excluding patients on atrioventricular nodal blocking agents (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.44-4.83). CONCLUSIONS A PR of 200 milliseconds or greater is associated with CS and may be a biomarker of atrial cardiopathy in the absence of atrial fibrillation. Prospective studies are needed to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Montalvo
- Department of Neurology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Prasanna Tadi
- Department of Neurology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alexander Merkler
- Departments of Neurology and Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Gino Gialdini
- Departments of Neurology and Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Sheryl Martin-Schild
- Department of Neurology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Digvijaya Navalkele
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Alyana Samai
- Department of Neurology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Amre Nouh
- Department of Neurology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Mohammad Hussain
- Department of Neurology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Steven Goldblatt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Morgan Hemendinger
- Department of Neurology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Antony Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Christopher Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Hooman Kamel
- Departments of Neurology and Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Karen L Furie
- Department of Neurology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Shadi Yaghi
- Department of Neurology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
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Zhou Y, Jelinek H, Hambly BD, McLachlan CS. Electrocardiogram QRS duration and associations with telomere length: A cross-sectional analysis in Australian rural diabetic and non-diabetic population. J Electrocardiol 2017; 50:450-456. [PMID: 28249683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged electrocardiogram QRS durations are often present in aging populations. Shorter telomere length is considered a biomarker of cellular aging. Decreased telomere length has been associated with coronary artery risk, and ventricular remodeling. However, the association between telomeres and cardiac conduction abnormalities, such as increased QRS duration are not well understood. A retrospective cross-sectional population was obtained from the CSU Diabetes Screening Research Initiative database where 273 participants had both ECG-derived QRS duration and DNA to permit leukocyte telomere length (LTL) determination. Telomere length was determined using the monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR method to measure mean relative LTL. Resting 12-lead electrocardiograms were obtained from each subject using a Welch Allyn PC-Based ECG system. Relative LTL was moderately negatively associated with QRS duration in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients (R2=0.055), compared to controls (R2=0.010). In general linear models with no adjustments a significant interaction between QRS duration and LTL is observed for a combined population of T2DM and non-diabetics. When we compared T2DM to non-diabetics, we found that T2DM increased the effect size for relative LTL on QRS duration in comparison to controls. Hence, for each 0.1 unit of relative LTL attrition, QRS duration in T2DM patients increased by 3.24ms (95% CI, -63.00 to -1.84), compared to 1.65ms in controls (95% CI, -40.44 to 7.40). In summary we have observed an association between LTL in a rural aging mixed population of T2DM and non-diabetes. We have observed an unadjusted association between QRS duration and LTL in T2DM. We noted that the control group demonstrated no such association. This highlights the complexity of T2DM when exploring disease phenotype-telomere interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhou
- Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Herbert Jelinek
- School of Community Health Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Albury, Australia
| | - Brett D Hambly
- Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Craig S McLachlan
- Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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24
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Limmroth V, Ziemssen T, Lang M, Richter S, Wagner B, Haas J, Schmidt S, Gerbershagen K, Lassek C, Klotz L, Hoffmann O, Albert C, Schuh K, Baier-Ebert M, Wendt G, Schieb H, Hoyer S, Dechend R, Haverkamp W. Electrocardiographic assessments and cardiac events after fingolimod first dose - a comprehensive monitoring study. BMC Neurol 2017; 17:11. [PMID: 28100182 PMCID: PMC5241949 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-016-0789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background First dose observation for cardiac effects is required for fingolimod, but recommendations on the extent vary. This study aims to assess cardiac safety of fingolimod first dose. Individual bradyarrhythmic episodes were evaluated to assess the relevance of continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring. Methods START is an ongoing open-label, multi-center study. At the time of analysis 3951 patients were enrolled. The primary endpoints are the incidence of bradycardia (heart rate < 45 bpm) and second-/third-degree AV blocks during treatment initiation. The relevance of Holter was assessed by matching ECG findings with the occurrence of clinical symptoms as well as by rigorous analysis of AV blocks with regard to the duration of pauses and the minimal heart rate recorded during AV block. Results Thirty-one patients (0.8%) developed bradycardia (<45 bpm), 62 patients (1.6%) had second-degree Mobitz I and/or 2:1 AV blocks with a lowest reading (i.e. mean of ten consecutive beats) of 35 bpm and the longest pause lasting for 2.6 s. No Mobitz II or third-degree AV blocks were observed. Only one patient complained about mild chest discomfort and fatigue. After 1 week, there was no second-/third-degree AV block. Conclusions Continuous Holter ECG monitoring in this large real-life cohort revealed that bradycardia and AV conduction abnormalities were rare, transient and benign. No further unexpected abnormalities were detected. The data presented here give an indication that continuous Holter ECG monitoring does not add clinically relevant value to patients’ safety. Trial registration NCT01585298; registered April 23, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Limmroth
- Department of Neurology, Cologne General Hospitals, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Lang
- NTD Study Group, Neurologische Praxis, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Stephan Schmidt
- NTD Study Group, Neurologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathrin Gerbershagen
- Department of Neurology, Cologne General Hospitals, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Lassek
- Neurologische Gemeinschaftspraxis Kassel und Vellmar, Kassel, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Olaf Hoffmann
- St. Josefs-Krankenhaus Potsdam-Sanssouci, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ralf Dechend
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Campus Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Haverkamp
- Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany.
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25
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Makara MA, Hoang KV, Ganesan LP, Crouser ED, Gunn JS, Turner J, Schlesinger LS, Mohler PJ, Rajaram MVS. Cardiac Electrical and Structural Changes During Bacterial Infection: An Instructive Model to Study Cardiac Dysfunction in Sepsis. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e003820. [PMID: 27620887 PMCID: PMC5079037 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis patients with cardiac dysfunction have significantly higher mortality. Although several pathways are associated with myocardial damage in sepsis, the precise cause(s) remains unclear and treatment options are limited. This study was designed to develop a new model to investigate the early events of cardiac damage during sepsis progression. METHODS AND RESULTS Francisella tularensis subspecies novicida (Ft.n) is a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen causing severe sepsis syndrome in mice. BALB/c mice (N=12) were sham treated or infected with Ft.n through the intranasal route. Serial electrocardiograms were recorded at multiple time points until 96 hours. Hearts were then harvested for histology and gene expression studies. Similar to septic patients, we illustrate both cardiac electrical and structural phenotypes in our murine Ft.n infection model, including prominent R' wave formation, prolonged QRS intervals, and significant left ventricular dysfunction. Notably, in infected animals, we detected numerous microlesions in the myocardium, previously observed following nosocomial Streptococcus infection and in sepsis patients. We show that Ft.n-mediated microlesions are attributed to cardiomyocyte apoptosis, increased immune cell infiltration, and expression of inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-8, and superoxide dismutase 2). Finally, we identify increased expression of microRNA-155 and rapid degradation of heat shock factor 1 following cardiac Ft.n infection as a primary cause of myocardial inflammation and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS We have developed and characterized an Ft.n infection model to understand the pathogenesis of cardiac dysregulation in sepsis. Our findings illustrate novel in vivo phenotypes underlying cardiac dysfunction during Ft.n infection with significant translational impact on our understanding of sepsis pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Makara
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Institute, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ky V Hoang
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Latha P Ganesan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Institute, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Elliot D Crouser
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - John S Gunn
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Joanne Turner
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Peter J Mohler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Institute, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Murugesan V S Rajaram
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Cardiovascular safety assessments in the cynomolgus monkey: Unmasking potential background arrhythmias in general toxicity studies. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 81:144-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Extramiana F, Maison-Blanche P. QRS interval: What is it? How to measure it? J Electrocardiol 2016; 49:670-4. [PMID: 27395364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Extramiana
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; AP-HP, Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.
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Turner JR, Kowey PR, Rodriguez I, Cabell CH, Gintant G, Green CL, Kunz BL, Mortara J, Sager PT, Stockbridge N, Wright TJ, Finkle J, Krucoff MW. The Cardiac Safety Research Consortium enters its second decade: An invitation to participate. Am Heart J 2016; 177:96-101. [PMID: 27297854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Cardiac Safety Research Consortium (CSRC), a transparent, public-private partnership established in 2005 as a Critical Path Program and formalized in 2006 under a Memorandum of Understanding between the United States Food and Drug Administration and Duke University, is entering its second decade. Our continuing goal is to advance paradigms for more efficient regulatory science related to the cardiovascular safety of new therapeutics, both in the United States and globally, particularly where such safety questions add burden to innovative research and development. Operationally, CSRC brings together a broad base of stakeholders from academia, industry, and government agencies in a collaborative forum focused on identifying barriers and then creating novel solutions through shared data, expertise, and collaborative research. This white paper provides a brief overview of the Consortium's activities in its first decade and a context for some of our current activities and future directions. The growth and success of the CSRC have been primarily driven by members' active participation and the development of goodwill and trust throughout our membership, which have facilitated novel collaborations across traditionally competitive or contentious stakeholder boundaries. The continued expansion of our base of participating academicians, industry experts, and regulators will define the Consortium's success in our second decade. It is our hope that sharing our endeavors to date will stimulate additional participation in the CSRC and also provide a model for other groups starting to develop similar collaborative forums.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter R Kowey
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research & Thomas Jefferson University, PA
| | | | | | | | - Cynthia L Green
- Duke University Medical Center and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mitchell W Krucoff
- Duke University Medical Center and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
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Bergenholm L, Collins T, Evans ND, Chappell MJ, Parkinson J. PKPD modelling of PR and QRS intervals in conscious dogs using standard safety pharmacology data. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 79:34-44. [PMID: 26780675 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) modelling can improve safety assessment, but few PKPD models describing drug-induced QRS and PR prolongations have been published. This investigation aims to develop and evaluate PKPD models for describing QRS and PR effects in routine safety studies. METHODS Exposure and telemetry data from safety pharmacology studies in conscious beagle dogs were acquired. Mixed effects baseline and PK-QRS/PR models were developed for the anti-arrhythmic compounds AZD1305, flecainide, quinidine and verapamil and the anti-muscarinic compounds AZD8683 and AZD9164. RR interval correction and circadian rhythms were investigated for predicting baseline variability. Individual PK predictions were used to drive the pharmacological effects evaluating linear and non-linear direct and effect compartment models. RESULTS Conduction slowing induced by the tested anti-arrhythmics was direct and proportional at low exposures, whilst time delays and non-linear effects were evident for the tested anti-muscarinics. AZD1305, flecainide and quinidine induced QRS widening with 4.2, 10 and 5.6% μM(-1) unbound drug. AZD1305 and flecainide also prolonged PR with 13.5 and 11.5% μM(-1). PR prolongations induced by the anti-muscarinics and verapamil were best described by Emax models with maximal effects ranging from 55 to 95%. RR interval correction and circadian rhythm improved PR but not QRS modelling. However, circadian rhythm had minor impact on estimated drug effects. DISCUSSION Baseline and drug-induced effects on QRS and PR intervals can be effectively described with PKPD models using routine data, providing quantitative safety information to support drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnéa Bergenholm
- Biomedical & Biological Systems Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Teresa Collins
- Translational Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, iMED, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil D Evans
- Biomedical & Biological Systems Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Michael J Chappell
- Biomedical & Biological Systems Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Joanna Parkinson
- Early Clinical Development, Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, iMED, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
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Central Autonomic Dysfunction Delays Recovery of Fingolimod Induced Heart Rate Slowing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132139. [PMID: 26147106 PMCID: PMC4493029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, Fingolimod may induce prolonged heart-rate slowing which might be caused by MS-related central autonomic lesions. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether MS-patients with prolonged heart-rate slowing (> six hours) upon Fingolimod show cardiovascular-autonomic dysfunction before Fingolimod-initiation. METHODS Before Fingolimod-initiation, we recorded electrocardiographic RR-intervals (RRIs) and blood-pressure (BP) at rest, upon standing-up, during metronomic deep-breathing, Valsalva-maneuver, and "sustained-handgrip-exercise" in 21 patients with relapsing-remitting MS, and 20 healthy persons. We calculated sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiovascular parameters, including low- (LF) and high-frequency (HF) powers of RRI- and BP-oscillations, RRI-RMSSDs, RRI- and BP-changes during handgrip-exercise, parasympathetic heart-rate-slowing in relation to BP-overshoot after Valsalva-strain-release. We compared values of healthy persons and patients with and without prolonged heart-rate slowing after Fingolimod-initiation (ANOVA; significance: p<0.05). RESULTS Upon Fingolimod-initiation, 7/21 patients had prolonged HR-slowing. Before Fingolimod, these patients had higher resting BP and higher BP increase during handgrip-exercise than had the other participants (p<0.05). They did not reduce parasympathetic HR-parameters upon standing-up. After Valsalva-strain-release, their parasympathetic HR-slowing in response to BP-overshoot was four times higher than in the other participants (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The autonomic cardiovascular dysfunction in MS-patients with delayed HR-re-acceleration upon Fingolimod-initiation suggests that MS-related central autonomic lesions compromise HR-re-acceleration upon Fingolimod. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trial Register DRKS00004548 http://drks-neu.uniklinik-freiburg.de/drks_web/setLocale_EN.do.
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Heller S, Darpö B, Mitchell MI, Linnebjerg H, Leishman DJ, Mehrotra N, Zhu H, Koerner J, Fiszman ML, Balakrishnan S, Xiao S, Todaro TG, Hensley I, Guth BD, Michelson EL, Sager P. Considerations for assessing the potential effects of antidiabetes drugs on cardiac ventricular repolarization: A report from the Cardiac Safety Research Consortium. Am Heart J 2015; 170:23-35. [PMID: 26093861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Thorough QT studies conducted according to the International Council on Harmonisation E14 guideline are required for new nonantiarrhythmic drugs to assess the potential to prolong ventricular repolarization. Special considerations may be needed for conducting such studies with antidiabetes drugs as changes in blood glucose and other physiologic parameters affected by antidiabetes drugs may prolong the QT interval and thus confound QT/corrected QT assessments. This review discusses potential mechanisms for QT/corrected QT interval prolongation with antidiabetes drugs and offers practical considerations for assessing antidiabetes drugs in thorough QT studies. This article represents collaborative discussions among key stakeholders from academia, industry, and regulatory agencies participating in the Cardiac Safety Research Consortium. It does not represent regulatory policy.
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Gintant G. In Vitro Early Safety Pharmacology Screening: Perspectives Related to Cardiovascular Safety. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 229:47-64. [PMID: 26091635 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-46943-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In vitro screening for cardiovascular safety liabilities of novel drug candidates presents a challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. Such approaches rely on detecting pharmacologic effects on key components of complex integrated system early in drug discovery to define potential safety liabilities. Key to such studies are the concepts of hazard identification vs. risk assessment, drug specificity vs. selectivity, and an appreciation of the challenges faced when attempting to translate in vitro findings to preclinical in vivo as well as clinical effects. This chapter defines some key aspects of early safety pharmacology screening for cardiovascular liabilities, citing studies of two key depolarizing cardiac currents (fast sodium current and L-type calcium current) as examples linked to effects on cardiac conduction and repolarization.
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Gintant G. Cardiac Sodium Current (Na v1.5). METHODS AND PRINCIPLES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527673643.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Krösser S, Wolna P, Fischer TZ, Boschert U, Stoltz R, Zhou M, Darpo B. Effect of ceralifimod (ONO-4641) on lymphocytes and cardiac function: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an open-label fingolimod arm. J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 55:1051-60. [PMID: 25855155 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-arm, parallel-design study investigated cardiac and hematological pharmacodynamic effects of ceralifimod (ONO-4641), a selective sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator, over a broad dose range in direct comparison with the nonselective S1P modulator fingolimod. Healthy subjects were assigned to ceralifimod (0.01, 0.025, 0.05, or 0.10 mg), fingolimod (0.5 mg), or placebo once daily for 14 days (n = 24 per group). After 14 days of treatment, mean absolute lymphocyte count percentage change from baseline was greatest in the fingolimod (-62%) and ceralifimod 0.10 mg (-56%) groups. On treatment cessation, lymphocyte recovery was faster in the ceralifimod versus the fingolimod group. Ceralifimod showed dose- and concentration-dependent chronotropic effect. Cardiac effects in the fingolimod group were dependent on fingolimod-P concentrations. Maximum mean heart rate (HR) effect on day 1 was larger with fingolimod (placebo-adjusted change from time-matched baseline HR [ΔΔHR], -14.9 beats per minute [bpm]) versus ceralifimod (ΔΔHR, -6.2 and -12.0 bpm for the 0.05- and 0.10-mg doses, respectively). Ceralifimod's effect on the PR interval was minor. Safety biomarker results suggest that potential therapeutic doses of ceralifimod, in particular the 0.05-mg dose, might result in reduced occurrence of bradycardia, atrioventricular block absolute lymphocyte count and grade 3/4 lymphopenia compared with fingolimod 0.5 mg.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Borje Darpo
- iCardiac Technologies, Rochester, NY, USA.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd's Hospital, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
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Joukar S, Asadipour H. Evaluation of Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm) Effects on Heart Electrical System. Res Cardiovasc Med 2015; 4:e27013. [PMID: 26396973 PMCID: PMC4576163 DOI: 10.5812/cardiovascmed.4(2)2015.27013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Melissa officinalis, an herbal drug, is well known and frequently applied in traditional and modern medicine. Yet, there is inadequate information regarding its effects on electrical properties of the heart. The present study attempted to elucidate the effects of Melissa officinalis aqueous extract on electrocardiogram (ECG) in rat. Objectives: ECG is an easy, fast and valuable tool to evaluate the safety of used materials and drugs on heart electrical and conductivity properties. Many drugs with no cardiovascular indication or any overt cardiovascular effects of therapeutic dosing become cardiotoxic when overdosed (16). On the other hand, there are numerous substances and drugs that can cause ECG changes, even in patients without a history of cardiac disease. Therefore, this study was conducted to elucidate safety and outcome of one-week administration of M. officinalis aqueous extract on blood pressure and ECG parameters of rats. Materials and Methods: Four animal groups received tap water (control group), aqueous extracts of Melissa officinalis 50 (M50), 100 (M100) and 200 (M200) mg/kg/day, respectively and orally for a week. ECG and blood pressure were recorded on the eighth day of experiment. Results: Consumption of Melissa officinalis extract associated with prolonged QRS interval (P < 0.05 for M50 and M100 groups and P < 0.01 for M200 group versus the control group, respectively), prolonged QTc and JT intervals (P < 0.01 for different M groups versus the control group) and prolonged TpTe interval (P < 0.001 when M groups compared with the control group) of ECG. However, different doses of the extract had no significant effect on RR interval, PR interval, amplitudes of ECG waves, heart rate and blood pressure. Conclusions: For the first time, this study revealed that consumption of Melissa officinalis extract is associated with significant ECG alterations in rat. Future studies are necessary to determine potential clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyavash Joukar
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Siyavash Joukar, Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 7616914115, Kerman, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-3413220081, E-mail: ,
| | - Haleh Asadipour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
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Collins TA, Bergenholm L, Abdulla T, Yates J, Evans N, Chappell MJ, Mettetal JT. Modeling and Simulation Approaches for Cardiovascular Function and Their Role in Safety Assessment. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26225237 PMCID: PMC4394617 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Systems pharmacology modeling and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis of drug-induced effects on cardiovascular (CV) function plays a crucial role in understanding the safety risk of new drugs. The aim of this review is to outline the current modeling and simulation (M&S) approaches to describe and translate drug-induced CV effects, with an emphasis on how this impacts drug safety assessment. Current limitations are highlighted and recommendations are made for future effort in this vital area of drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Collins
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK
| | | | - T Abdulla
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick UK
| | - Jwt Yates
- Oncology, AstraZeneca Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK
| | - N Evans
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick UK
| | | | - J T Mettetal
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
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Majima S, Tanaka M, Okada H, Senmaru T, Asano M, Yamazaki M, Toda H, Oda Y, Hasegawa G, Nakamura N, Fukui M. The PR interval and QRS duration could be predictors of renal function decline. Atherosclerosis 2015; 240:105-9. [PMID: 25770688 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have implicated PR interval (iPR) and QRS duration (dQRS) obtained by electrocardiography in independent predictors of cardiovascular disease, which often precedes renal dysfunction. The aim of this study was to examine whether iPR or dQRS could be a predictor of renal function decline in a community-based cohort. METHODS We enrolled 1149 healthy subjects, and retrospectively evaluated the relationships between iPR or dQRS and renal function decline, observation period of which was 3 years, and assessed whether iPR or dQRS could predict renal function decline. RESULTS The iPR (r=-0.102, p=0.0006) or dQRS (r=-0.097, p=0.0010) was negatively associated with a rate of decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Multiple regression analyses revealed that iPR (β=-0.095, p=0.0023) or dQRS (β=-0.069, p=0.0351) was an independent determinant of the rate of decline in eGFR after adjustment for covariates. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that the longest iPR (odds ratios (OR), 2.03; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.49 to 2.76; p<0.0001) or dQRS (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.25; p=0.0043) tertile showed an increased OR for prevalence of the rate of decline in eGFR≤1 ml/min/1.73 m2/year compared to the shortest iPR or dQRS tertile after adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSION The iPR and dQRS could be independent predictors of renal function decline in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Majima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Muhei Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oike Clinic, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Senmaru
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Mai Asano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Toda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oike Clinic, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Oda
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Goji Hasegawa
- Division of Metabolism, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Naoto Nakamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan.
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Arterial blood gas analysis and the outcome of treatment in tricyclic antidepressants poisoned patients with benzodiazepine coingestion. Anesthesiol Res Pract 2015; 2015:232401. [PMID: 25648113 PMCID: PMC4306392 DOI: 10.1155/2015/232401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Poisoning with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) is still a major concern for emergency physicians and intensivists. Concomitant ingestion of other psychoactive drugs especially benzodiazepines with TCAs may make this clinical situation more complex. This study aimed to compare the arterial blood gas (ABG) values and the outcome of treatment in patients with coingestion of TCA and benzodiazepine (TCA + BZD) poisoning and TCA poisoning alone. Methods. In this cross-sectional study which was carried out in a tertiary care university hospital in Iran, clinical and paraclinical characteristics of one hundred forty TCA only or TCA + BZD poisoned patients (aged 18-40 years) were evaluated. ABG analysis was done on admission in both groups. Outcomes were considered as survival with or without complication (e.g., intubation) and the frequency of TCA poisoning complications. Results. Arterial pH was significantly lower in TCA + BZD poisoning group compared with TCA only poisoning group (7.34 ± 0.08 and 7.38 ± 0.08, resp.; P = 0.02). However, other complications such as seizure, and the need for the endotracheal intubation were not significantly different. All patients in both groups survived. Conclusions. Concomitant TCA plus BZD poisoning may make the poisoned patients prone to a lower arterial pH level on hospital admission which may potentially increases the risk of cardiovascular complications in TCA poisoning.
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Alterations of Blood Pressure and ECG following Two-Week Consumption of Berberis integerrima Fruit Extract. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:209683. [PMID: 27351000 PMCID: PMC4897583 DOI: 10.1155/2014/209683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In light of the popularity and also the various nutritional and medicinal properties of Berberis integerrima, this study was conducted to assess the influence of its aqueous extract on hemodynamic and electrocardiogram (ECG) indices of rat. Animals were divided to control (CTL), B50, B100, and B200 groups that orally received tap water, aqueous extracts of B. integerrima fruit 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day, respectively, for two weeks and on day 15, data were recorded. Different doses of barberry fruit extract had no significant effect on blood pressure, heart rate, RR interval, P duration, and Q wave amplitude of electrocardiogram. Extract administration was associated with an incremental trend in PR interval that was not statistically significant. Higher doses (100 and 200 mg/kg) of extract significantly increased the QRS interval (P < 0.01 versus CTL and B50 groups) but decreased the QTc interval (P < 0.01 versus CTL group and P < 0.001 versus B50 group), the JT interval, and TpTe interval (P < 0.001 versus CTL and B50 groups). The results suggest that high doses of barberry extract definitely prolong the depolarization phase and shorten the repolarization phase of ventricular muscle and hence induce alteration in heart electrical conductivity.
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Maison-Blanche P, Dakhil S, Baron A, Rottey S, Millard F, Daugaard G, Machiels JP, Conkright W, Sharma S, Soetekouw PMMB, Yachnin J, Sengeløv L, Van Veldhuizen P, Agarwala SS, Sémiond D, Chadjaa M, Shen L, Wade JL. An open-label study to investigate the cardiac safety profile of cabazitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 73:1241-52. [PMID: 24718982 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assessed the cardiovascular safety of cabazitaxel, based on thorough evaluation of QT and non-QT variables, and the relationship between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic electrocardiographic (ECG) profiles and the occurrence of Grade ≥3 cardiovascular adverse events. METHODS Patients with advanced solid tumors were treated with cabazitaxel 25 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks. Digital ECG recordings were obtained during Cycle 1 over 24 h after dosing. The primary end point was effect of cabazitaxel on QT interval corrected by the Fridericia formula (QTcF). Secondary end points were additional ECG parameters (QT, PR and QRS intervals, and heart rate), plasma pharmacokinetics of cabazitaxel and overall clinical safety. RESULTS The pharmacodynamic (ECG) population included 94 patients. In 63 patients with a full 24-h ECG evaluation, the maximum upper bound of 90 % confidence interval (CI) for mean QTcF change from baseline was 7.46 ms (mean 4.8 ms), occurring at 1 h 30 min post-infusion. The slope of QTcF change from baseline versus cabazitaxel concentration was slightly negative (-0.012 [95 % CI -0.017; -0.008], equivalent to a 1.2 ms decrease per 100 ng/mL increase in cabazitaxel concentration). For non-QT variables, no effect was noted. No Grade ≥3 cardiac adverse events were observed; Grade ≥3 hypotension and lymphocele occurred in two patients and one patient, respectively. CONCLUSION These results suggest that cabazitaxel has no clinically significant cardiovascular adverse effects in patients with advanced solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Maison-Blanche
- Cardiology Unit, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France,
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Hingorani P, Karnad DR, Natekar M, Kothari S, Narula D. Baseline and new-onset morphologic ECG abnormalities in healthy volunteers in phase I studies receiving placebo: Changes over a 6-week follow-up period. J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 54:776-84. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mili Natekar
- Quintiles Cardiac Safety Services; Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Snehal Kothari
- Quintiles Cardiac Safety Services; Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Dhiraj Narula
- Quintiles Cardiac Safety Services; Mumbai Maharashtra India
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