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Anand AB, Gitte PT, Sabnis GR, Mahajan AU. ECG manifestations of occlusion of septal perforator of left anterior descending artery. Am J Emerg Med 2024; 82:42-46. [PMID: 38788528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2024.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The fourth universal definition of MI defines requires presence of j point elevation in two contiguous leads except v2-3 where the elevation should be equal to or >2 mm in men (2.5 mm in <40 years) and 1.5 mm in women.(1) We present two cases of patients who presented with electrocardiographic manifestations of occlusion of septal perforator of left anterior descending artery and discuss the salient feature of ECG in such patients. We also present the limitations of STEMI criteria given the dynamic nature of acute coronary occlusion and stress on early recognition of this MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav B Anand
- Department of Cardiology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital and Medical College, Sion Hospital, Mumbai, India.
| | - Pramod T Gitte
- Department of Cardiology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Girish R Sabnis
- Department of Cardiology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Ajay U Mahajan
- Department of Cardiology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
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Smith SW, Meyers HP. Hyperacute T-waves Can Be a Useful Sign of Occlusion Myocardial Infarction if Appropriately Defined. Ann Emerg Med 2023; 82:203-206. [PMID: 36872197 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Smith
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare and University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN.
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Recent highlights on acute myocardial infarction and takotsubo syndrome from the International Journal of Cardiology: Heart & Vasculature. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2022; 43:101155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2022.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Kontos MC, de Lemos JA, Deitelzweig SB, Diercks DB, Gore MO, Hess EP, McCarthy CP, McCord JK, Musey PI, Villines TC, Wright LJ. 2022 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the Evaluation and Disposition of Acute Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 80:1925-1960. [PMID: 36241466 PMCID: PMC10691881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.08.750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Aslanger EK. Beyond the ST-segment in Occlusion Myocardial Infarction (OMI): Diagnosing the OMI-nous. Turk J Emerg Med 2022; 23:1-4. [PMID: 36818946 PMCID: PMC9930387 DOI: 10.4103/2452-2473.357333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The ST-segment elevation (STE) myocardial infarction (MI)/non-STEMI (NSTEMI) paradigm has been the central dogma of emergency cardiology for the last 30 years. Although it was a major breakthrough when it was first introduced, it is now one of the most important obstacles to the further progression of modern MI care. In this article, we trace why a disease with an established underlying pathology (acute coronary occlusion [ACO]) was unintentionally labeled with a surrogate electrocardiographic sign (STEMI/NSTEMI) instead of pathologic substrate itself (ACO-MI/non-ACO-MI or occlusion MI [OMI]/non-OMI [NOMI] for short), how this fundamental mistake caused important clinical consequences, and why we should change this paradigm with a better one, namely OMI/NOMI paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre K. Aslanger
- Department of Cardiology, Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey,Address for correspondence: Prof. Emre K. Aslanger, Department of Cardiology, Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Marmara University, Fevzi Cakmak Mah., Muhsin Yazicioglu Cad. No: 10, Pendik 34899, Istanbul, Turkey. E-mail:
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Acute inferior occlusion myocardial infarction with a solitary ST-elevation in lead III: A case report. J Electrocardiol 2022; 72:35-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Brendea MTN, Popescu MI, Popa V, Carmen PCD. A clinical trial comparing complete revascularization at the time of primary percutaneous coronary intervention versus during the index hospital admission in patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease and STEMI uncomplicated by cardiogenic shock. Anatol J Cardiol 2021; 25:781-788. [PMID: 34734811 DOI: 10.5152/anatoljcardiol.2021.71080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to compare major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), defined as a composite of death, stroke, myocardial infarction and symptom-induced revascularization, and mortality within one year of randomization between two strategies; complete revascularization including non-culprit lesions percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during primary PCI (PPCI) versus complete revascularization during the same hospital admission in patients with multi-vascular coronary artery disease (MVD) presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) uncomplicated by cardiogenic shock. METHODS We randomized in a 1: 1 manner 100 patients with MVD and STEMI uncomplicated by cardiogenic shock who had undergone successful culprit-lesion PCI to either a strategy of complete revascularization with PCI of angiographically significant non-culprit lesions in the index PPCI procedure or to a strategy of complete revascularization during a second procedure that took place during the same hospital admission. RESULTS The first primary outcome was death within a timeframe of one year and the second a composite of MACCE within a year following complete revascularization. Of the total number of patients monitored, 4% in each of the two groups was associated with the first primary outcome (p=0.984) and the second primary outcome in 6% (p=0.970). There was no statistical difference between outcomes in the two groups. CONCLUSION Among patients with MVD and STEMI uncomplicated by cardiogenic shock, there was no difference regarding outcomes when using a strategy of complete revascularization of non-culprit lesions during PPCI or the same hospital admission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mircea I Popescu
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital; Oradea-Romania;Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Oradea; Oradea-Romania
| | - Virgil Popa
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital; Oradea-Romania
| | - Polojintef Corbu Dorina Carmen
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital; Oradea-Romania;Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Oradea; Oradea-Romania
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8
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Dodd KW, Zvosec DL, Hart MA, Glass G, Bannister LE, Body RM, Boggust BA, Brady WJ, Chang AM, Cullen L, Gómez-Vicente R, Huis In 't Veld MA, Karim RM, Meyers HP, Miranda DF, Mitchell GJ, Reynard C, Rice C, Salverda BJ, Stellpflug SJ, Tolia VM, Walsh BM, White JL, Smith SW. Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Occlusion Myocardial Infarction in Ventricular Paced Rhythm Using the Modified Sgarbossa Criteria. Ann Emerg Med 2021; 78:517-529. [PMID: 34172301 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Ventricular paced rhythm is thought to obscure the electrocardiographic diagnosis of acute coronary occlusion myocardial infarction. Our primary aim was to compare the sensitivity of the modified Sgarbossa criteria (MSC) to that of the original Sgarbossa criteria for the diagnosis of occlusion myocardial infarction in patients with ventricular paced rhythm. METHODS In this retrospective case-control investigation, we studied adult patients with ventricular paced rhythm and symptoms of acute coronary syndrome who presented in an emergency manner to 16 international cardiac referral centers between January 2008 and January 2018. The occlusion myocardial infarction group was defined angiographically as thrombolysis in myocardial infarction grade 0 to 1 flow or angiographic evidence of coronary thrombosis and peak cardiac troponin I ≥10.0 ng/mL or troponin T ≥1.0 ng/mL. There were 2 control groups: the "non-occlusion myocardial infarction-angio" group consisted of patients who underwent coronary angiography for presumed type I myocardial infarction but did not meet the definition of occlusion myocardial infarction; the "no occlusion myocardial infarction" control group consisted of randomly selected emergency department patients without occlusion myocardial infarction. RESULTS There were 59 occlusion myocardial infarction, 90 non-occlusion myocardial infarction-angio, and 102 no occlusion myocardial infarction subjects (mean age, 72.0 years; 168 [66.9%] men). For the diagnosis of occlusion myocardial infarction, the MSC were more sensitive than the original Sgarbossa criteria (sensitivity 81% [95% confidence interval [CI] 69 to 90] versus 56% [95% CI 42 to 69]). Adding concordant ST-depression in V4 to V6 to the MSC yielded 86% (95% CI 75 to 94) sensitivity. For the no occlusion myocardial infarction control group of ED patients, additional test characteristics of MSC and original Sgarbossa criteria, respectively, were as follows: specificity 96% (95% CI 90 to 99) versus 97% (95% CI 92 to 99); negative likelihood ratio (LR) 0.19 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.33) versus 0.45 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.65); and positive LR 21 (95% CI 7.9 to 55) versus 19 (95% CI 6.1 to 59). For the non-occlusion myocardial infarction-angio control group, additional test characteristics of MSC and original Sgarbossa criteria, respectively, were as follows: specificity 84% (95% CI 76 to 91) versus 90% (95% CI 82 to 95); negative LR 0.22 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.38) versus 0.49 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.66); and positive LR 5.2 (95% CI 3.2 to 8.6) versus 5.6 (95% CI 2.9 to 11). CONCLUSION For the diagnosis of occlusion myocardial infarction in the presence of ventricular paced rhythm, the MSC were more sensitive than the original Sgarbossa criteria; specificity was high for both rules. The MSC may contribute to clinical decisionmaking for patients with ventricular paced rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W Dodd
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN.
| | | | - Michael A Hart
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; Minneapolis Heart Institute, Minneapolis, MN
| | - George Glass
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Laura E Bannister
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Richard M Body
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Brett A Boggust
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - William J Brady
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Anna M Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Louise Cullen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rafael Gómez-Vicente
- Department of Cardiology, Central Defense Hospital, Alcala University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rehan M Karim
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | - H Pendell Meyers
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY
| | - David F Miranda
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; Minneapolis Heart Institute, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Gary J Mitchell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Charles Reynard
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Clifford Rice
- Department of Emergency Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL
| | | | | | - Vaishal M Tolia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Brooks M Walsh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, CT
| | - Jennifer L White
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephen W Smith
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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McLaren JTT, Taher AK, Kapoor M, Yi SL, Chartier LB. Sharing and Teaching Electrocardiograms to Minimize Infarction (STEMI): reducing diagnostic time for acute coronary occlusion in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 48:18-32. [PMID: 33838470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limits to ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) criteria may lead to prolonged diagnostic time for acute coronary occlusion. We aimed to reduce ECG-to-Activation (ETA) time through audit and feedback on STEMI-equivalents and subtle occlusions, without increasing Code STEMIs without culprit lesions. METHODS This multi-centre, quality improvement initiative reviewed all Code STEMI patients from the emergency department (ED) over a one-year baseline and one-year intervention period. We measured ETA time, from the first ED ECG to the time a Code STEMI was activated. Our intervention strategy involved a grand rounds presentation and an internal website presenting weekly local challenging cases, along with literature on STEMI-equivalents and subtle occlusions. Our outcome measure was ETA time for culprit lesions, our process measure was website views/visits, and our balancing measure was the percentage of Code STEMIs without culprit lesions. RESULTS There were 51 culprit lesions in the baseline period, and 64 in the intervention period. Median ETA declined from 28.0 min (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.0-45.0) to 8.0 min (95%CI 6.0-15.0). The website garnered 70.4 views/week and 27.7 visitors/week in a group of 80 physicians. There was no change in percentage of Code STEMIs without culprit lesions: 28.2% (95%CI 17.8-38.6) to 20.0% (95%CI 11.2-28.8%). Conclusions Our novel weekly web-based feedback to all emergency physicians was associated with a reduction in ETA time by 20 min, without increasing Code STEMIs without culprit lesions. Local ECG audit and feedback, guided by ETA as a quality metric for acute coronary occlusion, could be replicated in other settings to improve care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse T T McLaren
- Emergency Department, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Ahmed K Taher
- Emergency Department, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Monika Kapoor
- Emergency Department, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Soojin L Yi
- Emergency Department, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lucas B Chartier
- Emergency Department, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Fessele K, Fandler M, Gotthardt P. [High-risk ECGs in acute chest pain : Signs of acute ischemia beyond STEMI]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2021; 117:510-516. [PMID: 33704510 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-021-00802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obtaining an electrocardiogram (ECG) is the gold standard for initial diagnostics of atraumatic chest pain. To provide optimal patient care, the treating physician has to be proficient in recognizing early signs of myocardial ischemia. Information from the clinical assessment and typical ECG signs have to be recognized promptly in order to diagnose myocardial ischemia early. METHODS A selective literature search in international databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar) was conducted; current, topic-specific websites and literature were also included and evaluated. RESULTS Several subtle ECG abnormalities exist besides the typical ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and well-known STEMI equivalents and may point to possible myocardial ischemia. DISCUSSION To fully evaluate the ECG in patients with atraumatic chest pain, typical signs of ischemia like STEMI as well as subtle ECG signs should be recognized to allow early cardiac intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Fessele
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Zentrale Notaufnahme Klinikum Süd, Klinikum Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, Nürnberg, Deutschland
| | - Martin Fandler
- Zentrale Notaufnahme, Sozialstiftung Bamberg/Klinikum Bamberg, Bamberg, Deutschland
| | - Philipp Gotthardt
- Zentrale Notaufnahme, Klinikum Fürth, Jakob-Henle-Str. 1, 90766, Fürth, Deutschland.
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Aslanger EK, Meyers HP, Smith SW. Time for a new paradigm shift in myocardial infarction. Anatol J Cardiol 2021; 25:156-162. [PMID: 33690129 PMCID: PMC8114732 DOI: 10.5152/anatoljcardiol.2021.89304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)/non-STEMI paradigm per the current guidelines has important limitations. It misses a substantial proportion of acute coronary occlusions (ACO) and results in a significant amount of unnecessary catheterization laboratory activations. It is not widely appreciated how poor is the evidence base for the STEMI criteria; the recommended STEMI cutoffs were not derived by comparing those with ACO with those without and not specifically designed for distinguishing patients who would benefit from emergency reperfusion. This review aimed to discuss the origins, evidence base, and limitations of STEMI/non-STEMI paradigm and to call for a new paradigm shift to the occlusion MI (OMI)/non-OMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre K Aslanger
- Department of Cardiology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | - H Pendell Meyers
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte; North Carolina-United States of America
| | - Stephen W Smith
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Minnesota, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Minnesota-United States of America
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STEMI: A transitional fossil in MI classification? J Electrocardiol 2021; 65:163-169. [PMID: 33640636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An important task in emergency cardiology is distinguishing patients with acute coronary occlusion (ACO), who will benefit from emergent reperfusion therapy, from those without ongoing myocyte loss who can be managed with medical therapy and for whom potentially harmful invasive interventions can be deferred. The electrocardiogram is critical in this process. Although the ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)/non-STEMI paradigm is well-established, with "STEMI" representing ACO, its evidence base is poor, and this can have dire consequences. The universally recommended STEMI criteria do not accurately diagnose ACO; in fact, they miss more than one-fourth of the patients with ACO, and also result in a substantial burden of unnecessary catheterization laboratory activations. We here discuss why we believe it is time to change the current STEMI/non-STEMI paradigm.
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McLaren JT, Kapoor M, Yi SL, Chartier LB. Using ECG-To-Activation Time to Assess Emergency Physicians’ Diagnostic Time for Acute Coronary Occlusion. J Emerg Med 2021; 60:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Aslanger EK, Smith SW. Response to: "A new electrocardiographic pattern indicating inferior myocardial infarction". J Electrocardiol 2020; 73:148-149. [PMID: 33243464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emre K Aslanger
- Marmara University, Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Stephen W Smith
- University of Minnesota, Hennepin County Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.
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Aslanger EK, Yıldırımtürk Ö, Şimşek B, Bozbeyoğlu E, Şimşek MA, Yücel Karabay C, Smith SW, Değertekin M. DIagnostic accuracy oF electrocardiogram for acute coronary OCClUsion resuLTing in myocardial infarction (DIFOCCULT Study). IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2020; 30:100603. [PMID: 32775606 PMCID: PMC7399112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Although ST-segment elevation (STE) has been used synonymously with acute coronary occlusion (ACO), current STE criteria miss nearly one-third of ACO and result in a substantial amount of false catheterization laboratory activations. As many other electrocardiographic (ECG) findings can reliably indicate ACO, we sought whether a new ACO/non-ACO myocardial infarction (MI) paradigm would result in better identification of the patients who need acute reperfusion therapy. Methods A total of 3000 patients were enrolled in STEMI, non-STEMI and control groups. All ECGs were reviewed by two cardiologists, blinded to any outcomes, for the current STEMI criteria and other subtle signs. A combined ACO endpoint was composed of peak troponin level, troponin rise within the first 24 h and angiographic appearance. The dead or alive status was checked from hospital records and from the electronic national database. Results In non-STEMI group, 28.2% of the patients were re-classified by the ECG reviewers as having ACO. This subgroup had a higher frequency of ACO, myocardial damage, and both in-hospital and long-term mortality compared to non-STEMI group. A prospective ACOMI/non-ACOMI approach to the ECG had superior diagnostic accuracy compared to the STE/non-STEMI approach in the prediction of ACO and long-term mortality. In Cox-regression analysis early intervention in patients with non-ACO-predicting ECGs was associated with a higher long-term mortality. Conclusions We believe that it is time for a new paradigm shift from the STEMI/non-STEMI to the ACOMI/non-ACOMI in the acute management of MI. (DIFOCCULT study; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04022668.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre K Aslanger
- Yeditepe University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Yıldırımtürk
- University of Health Sciences, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Barış Şimşek
- Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emrah Bozbeyoğlu
- Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Can Yücel Karabay
- University of Health Sciences, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Stephen W Smith
- University of Minnesota, Hennepin County Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Hillinger P, Strebel I, Abächerli R, Twerenbold R, Wildi K, Bernhard D, Nestelberger T, Boeddinghaus J, Badertscher P, Wussler D, Koechlin L, Zimmermann T, Puelacher C, Rubini Gimenez M, du Fay de Lavallaz J, Walter J, Geigy N, Keller DI, Reichlin T, Mueller C. Prospective validation of current quantitative electrocardiographic criteria for ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2019; 292:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Kontos MC. Body Surface Potential Mapping and Left Circumflex Occlusion: Unmasking the Hidden Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Heart Assoc 2019. [PMCID: PMC6474926 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
See Article by Daly et al
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Kontos
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Pauley Heart Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA
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A Simplified Formula Discriminating Subtle Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction from Normal Variant ST-Segment Elevation. Am J Cardiol 2018; 122:1303-1309. [PMID: 30107901 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Benign variant (BV) ST-segment elevation (STE) is present in anterior chest leads in most individuals and may cause diagnostic confusion in patients presenting with chest pain. Recently, 2 regression formulas were proposed for differentiation of BV-STE from anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI) on the electrocardiogram, computation of which is heavily device-dependent. We hypothesized that a simpler visual-assessment-based formula, namely (R-wave amplitude in lead V4 + QRS amplitude in V2) - (QT interval in millimeters + STE60 in V3), will be noninferior to these formulas. Consecutive cases of proven left anterior descending occlusion were reviewed, and those with obvious ST elevation MI were excluded. First 200 consecutive patients with noncardiac chest pain and BV-STE were also enrolled as a control group. Relevant electrocardiographic parameters were measured. There were 138 anterior MI and 196 BV-STE cases. Our simple formula was superior to the 3- and noninferior to the 4-variable formulas. This new practical formula had an excellent area-under curve of 0.963 (95% confidence interval, 0.946 to 0.980, p<0.001). It also had a sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of 86.9%, 92.3%, and 90.1%, respectively. In conclusion, a simple visual assessment-based formula can reliably differentiate STE MI from BV-STE. Also, our results emphasize that focusing only on STE for diagnosing acute coronary occlusion is extremely insensitive and even puts the term "STEMI" itself into question.
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Bozbeyoğlu E, Aslanger E, Yıldırımtürk Ö, Şimşek B, Karabay CY, Şimşek MA, Tekkeşin Aİ, Değertekin M, Kozan Ö. A tale of two formulas: Differentiation of subtle anterior MI from benign ST segment elevation. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2018; 23:e12568. [PMID: 29938879 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It may sometimes be difficult to differentiate subtle ST-segment elevation (STE) due to anterior myocardial infarction (MI) from benign variant (BV) STE. Recently, two related formulas were proposed for this purpose. However, they have never been tested in an external population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive patients from May 2017 to January 2018, who were admitted with the diagnosis of acute anterior STEMI, were enrolled. Electrocardiograms were systematically reviewed and only subtle ones were included. First 200 consecutive patients with noncardiac chest pain were also enrolled as a control group. Relevant electrocardiographic parameters were measured. RESULTS A total of 379 anterior MI and 200 BV-STE cases were enrolled during study period. A total of 241 patients in STEMI group were excluded for not matching subtleness criteria, four patients in control group were also excluded because of prior left-anterior descending artery intervention. The three-variable formula, with recommended cut-point of 23.5, had a sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of 73.9%, 86.7%, and 81.4%, respectively. The four-variable formula, with the published cut-point of 18.2, had a sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of 83.3%, 87.7%, and 85.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION Three- and four-variable formulas with recommended cutoffs have a reasonable sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy in differentiating subtle STEMI with BV-STE. Although both perform well, the four-variable formula has a higher sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy and should be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Bozbeyoğlu
- Division of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Aslanger
- Department of Cardiology, Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Yıldırımtürk
- Division of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Barış Şimşek
- Division of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Yücel Karabay
- Division of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet İlker Tekkeşin
- Division of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ömer Kozan
- Division of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Miranda DF, Lobo AS, Walsh B, Sandoval Y, Smith SW. New Insights Into the Use of the 12-Lead Electrocardiogram for Diagnosing Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Emergency Department. Can J Cardiol 2017; 34:132-145. [PMID: 29407007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) remains the most immediately accessible and widely used initial diagnostic tool for guiding management in patients with suspected myocardial infarction (MI). Although the development of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays has improved the rule-in and rule-out and risk stratification of acute MI without ST elevation, the immediate management of the subset of acute MI with acute coronary occlusion depends on integrating clinical presentation and ECG findings. Careful interpretation of the ECG might yield subtle features suggestive of ischemia that might facilitate more rapid triage of patients with subtle acute coronary occlusion or, conversely, in identification of ST-elevation MI mimics (pseudo ST-elevation MI patterns). Our goal in this review article is to consider recent advances in the use of the ECG to diagnose coronary occlusion MIs, including the application of rules that allow MI to be diagnosed on the basis of atypical ECG manifestations. Such rules include the modified Sgarbossa criteria allowing identification of acute MI in left bundle branch block or ventricular pacing, the 3- and 4-variable formula to differentiate normal ST elevation (formerly called early repolarization) from subtle ECG signs of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion, the differentiation of ST elevation of left ventricular aneurysm from that of acute anterior MI, and the use of lead aVL in the recognition of inferior MI. Improved use of the ECG is essential to improving the diagnosis and appropriate early management of acute coronary occlusion MIs, which will lead to improved outcomes for patients who present with acute coronary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Miranda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center and Minneapolis Heart Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Angie S Lobo
- Department of Medical Education, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brooks Walsh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yader Sandoval
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen W Smith
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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Agarwal N, Jain A, Garg J, Mojadidi MK, Mahmoud AN, Patel NK, Agrawal S, Gupta T, Bhatia N, Anderson RD. Staged versus index procedure complete revascularization in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis. J Interv Cardiol 2017; 30:397-404. [DOI: 10.1111/joic.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nayan Agarwal
- Department of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| | - Ankur Jain
- Department of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| | - Jalaj Garg
- Department of Medicine; Lehigh Valley Health Network; Allentown Pennsylvania
| | | | - Ahmed N. Mahmoud
- Department of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| | - Nimesh Kirit Patel
- Department of Medicine; Virginia Commonwealth University Health System; Richmond Virginia
| | - Sahil Agrawal
- Department of Medicine; St. Lukes University Health Network; Bethlehem Pennsylvania
| | - Tanush Gupta
- Department of Medicine; Montefiore Medical Centre; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
| | - Nirmanmoh Bhatia
- Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville Tennessee
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Driver BE, Khalil A, Henry T, Kazmi F, Adil A, Smith SW. A new 4-variable formula to differentiate normal variant ST segment elevation in V2-V4 (early repolarization) from subtle left anterior descending coronary occlusion - Adding QRS amplitude of V2 improves the model. J Electrocardiol 2017; 50:561-569. [PMID: 28460689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Precordial normal variant ST elevation (NV-STE), previously often called "early repolarization," may be difficult to differentiate from subtle ischemic STE due to left anterior descending (LAD) occlusion. We previously derived and validated a logistic regression formula that was far superior to STE alone for differentiating the two entities on the ECG. The tool uses R-wave amplitude in lead V4 (RAV4), ST elevation at 60 ms after the J-point in lead V3 (STE60V3) and the computerized Bazett-corrected QT interval (QTc-B). The 3-variable formula is: 1.196 x STE60V3 + 0.059 × QTc-B - 0.326 × RAV4 with a value ≥23.4 likely to be acute myocardial infarction (AMI). HYPOTHESIS Adding QRS voltage in V2 (QRSV2) would improve the accuracy of the formula. METHODS 355 consecutive cases of proven LAD occlusion were reviewed, and those that were obvious ST elevation myocardial infarction were excluded. Exclusion was based on one straight or convex ST segment in V2-V6, 1 millimeter of summed inferior ST depression, any anterior ST depression, Q-waves, "terminal QRS distortion," or any ST elevation >5 mm. The NV-STE group comprised emergency department patients with chest pain who ruled out for AMI by serial troponins, had a cardiologist ECG read of "NV-STE," and had at least 1 mm of STE in V2 and V3. R-wave amplitude in lead V4 (RAV4), ST elevation at 60 ms after the J-point in lead V3 (STE60V3) and the computerized Bazett-corrected QT interval (QTc-B) had previously been measured in all ECGs; physicians blinded to outcome then measured QRSV2 in all ECGs. A 4-variable formula was derived to more accurately classify LAD occlusion vs. NV-STE and optimize area under the curve (AUC) and compared with the previous 3-variable formula. RESULTS There were 143 subtle LAD occlusions and 171 NV-STE. A low QRSV2 added diagnostic utility. The derived 4-variable formula is: 0.052*QTc-B - 0.151*QRSV2 - 0.268*RV4 + 1.062*STE60V3. The 3-variable formula had an AUC of 0.9538 vs. 0.9686 for the 4-variable formula (p = 0.0092). At the same specificity as the 3-variable formula [90.6%, at which cutpoint (≥23.4), 123 of 143 MI were correctly classified for 86% sensitivity], the sensitivity of the new formula at cutpoint ≥17.75 is 90.2%, with 129/143 correctly classified MI, identifying an additional 6 cases. The cutpoint with the highest accuracy (92.0%) was at a cutoff value ≥18.2, with 88.8% sensitivity, 94.7% specificity, and a positive and negative likelihood ratio of 16.9 (95% CI: 8.9-32) and 0.12 (95% CI: 0.07-0.19). At this cutpoint, it correctly classified an additional 11 cases (289 of 315, vs. 278 of 315): 127/143 for MI (an additional 4 cases) and 162/171 for NV-STE (an additional 7 cases). CONCLUSION On the ECG, a 4-variable formula was derived which adds QRSV2; it differentiates subtle LAD occlusion from NV-STE better than the 3-variable formula. At a value ≥18.2, the formula (0.052*QTc-B - 0.151*QRSV2 - 0.268*RV4 + 1.062*STE60V3) was very accurate, sensitive, and specific, with excellent positive and negative likelihood ratios. This formula needs to be validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Driver
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ayesha Khalil
- Minneapolis Heart Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Timothy Henry
- Minneapolis Heart Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Faraz Kazmi
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology of Division, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL
| | - Amina Adil
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Stephen W Smith
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN.
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Tarantini G, D’Amico G, Brener SJ, Tellaroli P, Basile M, Schiavo A, Mojoli M, Fraccaro C, Marchese A, Musumeci G, Stone GW. Survival After Varying Revascularization Strategies in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9:1765-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Martí D, Salido L, Mestre JL, Casas E, Esteban MJ, Zamorano JL. Usefulness of Reciprocal Changes in the Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction With Minimal ST-segment Elevation. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2016; 69:706-707. [PMID: 27289343 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Martí
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luisa Salido
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Mestre
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Casas
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Esteban
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Zamorano
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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Utilidad de las alteraciones especulares en el diagnóstico del infarto con elevación mínima del segmento ST. Rev Esp Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rowland-Fisher A, Smith S, Laudenbach A, Reardon R. Diagnosis of acute coronary occlusion in patients with non-STEMI by point-of-care echocardiography with speckle tracking. Am J Emerg Med 2016; 34:1914.e3-6. [PMID: 26997493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen Smith
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Andrew Laudenbach
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Robert Reardon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
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Bischof JE, Worrall C, Thompson P, Marti D, Smith SW. ST depression in lead aVL differentiates inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction from pericarditis. Am J Emerg Med 2016; 34:149-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Meyers HP, Limkakeng AT, Jaffa EJ, Patel A, Theiling BJ, Rezaie SR, Stewart T, Zhuang C, Pera VK, Smith SW. Validation of the modified Sgarbossa criteria for acute coronary occlusion in the setting of left bundle branch block: A retrospective case-control study. Am Heart J 2015; 170:1255-64. [PMID: 26678648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The modified Sgarbossa criteria were proposed in a derivation study to be superior to the original criteria for diagnosing acute coronary occlusion (ACO) in left bundle branch block (LBBB). The new rule replaces the third criterion (5 mm of excessively discordant ST elevation [STE]) with a proportion (at least 1 mm STE and STE/S wave ≤-0.25). We sought to validate the modified criteria. METHODS This retrospective case-control study was performed by chart review in 2 tertiary care center emergency departments (EDs) and 1 regional referral center. A billing database was used at 1 site to identify all ED patients with LBBB and ischemic symptoms between May 2009 and June 2012. In addition, all 3 sites identified LBBB ACO patients who underwent emergent catheterization. We measured QRS amplitude and J-point deviation in all leads, blinded to outcomes. Acute coronary occlusion was determined by angiographic findings and cardiac biomarker levels, which were collected blinded to electrocardiograms. Diagnostic statistics of each rule were calculated and compared using McNemar's test. RESULTS Our consecutive cohort search identified 258 patients: 9 had ACO, and 249 were controls. Among the 3 sites, an additional 36 cases of ACO were identified, for a total of 45 ACO cases and 249 controls. The modified criteria were significantly more sensitive than the original weighted criteria (80% vs 49%, P < .001) and unweighted criteria (80% vs 56%, P < .001). Specificity of the modified criteria was not statistically different from the original weighted criteria (99% vs 100%, P = .5) but was significantly greater than the original unweighted criteria (99% vs 94%, P = .004). CONCLUSIONS The modified Sgarbossa criteria were superior to the original criteria for identifying ACO in LBBB.
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Kamphuis VP, Wagner GS, Pahlm O, Man S, Olson CW, Bacharova L, Swenne CA. Comparison of model-based and expert-rule based electrocardiographic identification of the culprit artery in patients with acute coronary syndrome. J Electrocardiol 2015; 48:483-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Smith SW. Regarding manuscript: "Incidence, angiographic features, and outcomes of patients presenting with subtle ST-elevation myocardial infarction". Am Heart J 2015; 169:e9. [PMID: 25965725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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