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Dib S, Jones DL, Vounzoulaki E, Meek CL. Weight management during pregnancy, what is new? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2025:00075197-990000000-00214. [PMID: 40294128 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The prevalence of women entering pregnancy with overweight or obesity is increasing which raises concerns for adverse outcomes for mothers and their infants. Evidence suggests that appropriate gestational weight gain is important, irrespective of maternal BMI. The aim of this present article is to review the evidence on weight management during pregnancy and evaluate the evidence on current interventions. RECENT FINDINGS There is currently no standardized definition of 'excessive' gestational weight gain or a unified approach to manage gestational weight, despite the rising prevalence of maternal overweight and obesity globally. Recently, the Dietary Intervention in Gestational Diabetes (DiGest) trial showed promising results for energy restriction as a potential strategy to reduce gestational weight gain and improve maternal and infant outcomes. Pharmacological treatments, including GLP-1 receptor agonists, also show promise, but safety concerns remain requiring further research. More studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of both lifestyle and pharmacological interventions to guide future clinical recommendations. SUMMARY There is a need for individualized guidelines that consider maternal characteristics including ethnicity, preexisting conditions and emerging health risks, to tackle weight management during pregnancy and improve pregnancy outcomes. Further research is needed on optimal weight management strategies during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dib
- Leicester Diabetes Centre and Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester
| | - Danielle L Jones
- Institute of Metabolic Science - Medical Research Laboratories, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
| | - Elpida Vounzoulaki
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester
| | - Claire L Meek
- Leicester Diabetes Centre and Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester
- Institute of Metabolic Science - Medical Research Laboratories, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
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2
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Albrecht M, Reitis N, Pagenkemper M, Tallarek AC, Pietras L, Koops T, Zazara DE, Giannou AD, Garcia MG. Sexual and reproductive health in overweight and obesity: Aims and visions for integrated research approaches. J Reprod Immunol 2025; 168:104454. [PMID: 39983242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2025.104454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 01/03/2025] [Accepted: 02/11/2025] [Indexed: 02/23/2025]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity increasingly affect women in their reproductive phase, during family planning, pregnancy, breastfeeding and the postpartum period. Overweight and obesity are associated with impaired sexual and reproductive health, including increased rates of infertility, pregnancy complications, and reduced breastfeeding rates. Furthermore, maternal overweight and obesity are associated with long-term negative health consequences for the child, such as an increased risk for respiratory and metabolic disease. With the Junior Research Center for Reproduction: Sexual and Reproductive Health in Overweight and Obesity (SRHOO Center), we aim to address the effects of overweight and obesity on sexual and reproductive health in an interdisciplinary approach, combining the areas of obstetrics and midwifery, sexual health research, basic research in feto-maternal medicine and glycoimmunology, pediatrics, as well as endocrinology, metabolism and bariatric surgery. Combining these areas of expertise, we seek (1) to understand the effects of overweight and obesity on sexual and reproductive health in different patient groups, focusing on their specific needs in order to provide appropriate counselling and access to healthcare; (2) to improve reproductive health in different groups of overweight and obese patients; and (3) to create interdisciplinary, comprehensive scientific and clinical training regarding sexual and reproductive health in overweight and obese patients. In this short introduction to the SRHOO Center, we provide information on its structure, aims and individual projects as well as its presumed long-term implications for clinical care and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Albrecht
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Junior Research Center for Reproduction: Sexual and Reproductive Health in Overweight and Obesity (SRHOO), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Reitis
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Junior Research Center for Reproduction: Sexual and Reproductive Health in Overweight and Obesity (SRHOO), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mirja Pagenkemper
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Junior Research Center for Reproduction: Sexual and Reproductive Health in Overweight and Obesity (SRHOO), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Tallarek
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Junior Research Center for Reproduction: Sexual and Reproductive Health in Overweight and Obesity (SRHOO), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Pietras
- Junior Research Center for Reproduction: Sexual and Reproductive Health in Overweight and Obesity (SRHOO), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thula Koops
- Junior Research Center for Reproduction: Sexual and Reproductive Health in Overweight and Obesity (SRHOO), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dimitra E Zazara
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Junior Research Center for Reproduction: Sexual and Reproductive Health in Overweight and Obesity (SRHOO), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anastasios D Giannou
- Junior Research Center for Reproduction: Sexual and Reproductive Health in Overweight and Obesity (SRHOO), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany; Semmelweis University Budapest, Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; General Surgery, Liver, Pancreas and Intestinal Transplantation Unit, Hospital Universitario-Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana G Garcia
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Junior Research Center for Reproduction: Sexual and Reproductive Health in Overweight and Obesity (SRHOO), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Glyco-HAM, a cooperation of University of Hamburg, Technology Platform Mass Spectrometry and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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3
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Cordero L, Stenger MR, Landon MB, Needleman BJ, Noria S, Nankervis CA. Breastfeeding initiation according to the severity of Class 3 obesity. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2025; 18:70-78. [PMID: 39973540 DOI: 10.1177/19345798241296331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2025]
Abstract
Background: Class 3 obesity is composed of morbid (BMI 40-49 kg/m2) and extreme (BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2) subgroups. Adverse perinatal outcomes have been associated with obesity; however, data on breastfeeding (BF) initiation for women in either group remains limited.Objective: To compare BF initiation rates (exclusive or partial BF) and related comorbidities of 890 women with morbid and 890 with extreme obesity matched by race, parity, and year of delivery.Methods: Retrospective cohort study of women who delivered singletons at ≥ 34 weeks gestation (2013-2021). Those who had bariatric surgery or infants with major malformations were excluded.Results: Both groups were similar in: primiparity (38%), age (29y), white race (58%), African American (36%), current (10 vs 12%) and former (25 vs 27%) smokers, gestational hypertension (15 vs 16%), polycystic ovary syndrome (5 vs 7%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (10 vs 10%), and anemia (17 vs 17%). Women in the extreme group had a higher prevalence of gestational (17 vs 12%) and pregestational diabetes (12 vs 6%), chronic hypertension (41 vs 17%), severe preeclampsia (18 vs 12%), obstructive sleep apnea (12 vs 3%), asthma (22 vs 16%), and cesarean deliveries (62 vs 44%). Intention to BF (64 vs 71%), exclusive BF (23 vs 34%), and BF initiation (57 vs 64%) rates were lower in the extreme obesity group at discharge.Conclusion: Higher frequency of comorbidities in the extreme obesity group highlights the need for antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum targeted interventions if the benefits of BF to mothers and infants are to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Cordero
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael R Stenger
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark B Landon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bradley J Needleman
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sabrena Noria
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Craig A Nankervis
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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4
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Mazur D, Rekowska AK, Grunwald A, Bień K, Kimber-Trojnar Ż, Leszczyńska-Gorzelak B. Impact of Maternal Body Composition, Hydration, and Metabolic Health on Breastfeeding Success: A Comprehensive Review. Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e945591. [PMID: 39478297 PMCID: PMC11536699 DOI: 10.12659/msm.945591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/07/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well established that breastfeeding provides significant health benefits for both the mother and the infant. The World Health Organization recommends initiating breastfeeding within the first hour after birth and continuing exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. Successful breastfeeding is influenced not only by the proper physiological preparation of the body and the action of pregnancy-related hormones but also by the mother's overall health status. However, the role of maternal body composition and metabolic condition in breastfeeding success has received little attention. To better understand the impact of these factors on breastfeeding effectiveness, we reviewed the latest research on this topic, with particular emphasis on the role of hydration and lipid metabolism. Our narrative review indicates that the amount and distribution of water and adipose tissue are crucial for successful lactation and that various hormonal imbalances and metabolic disorders increase the risk of delayed breastfeeding initiation, shortened breastfeeding duration, or insufficient milk production. In light of our findings, measurement methods for assessing described parameters were also introduced. This article aims to review the effects of maternal body composition, hydration status, and metabolic and social factors on lactation and breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Mazur
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna K. Rekowska
- Student’s Scientific Association at the Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Grunwald
- Student’s Scientific Association at the Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bień
- Student’s Scientific Association at the Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Żaneta Kimber-Trojnar
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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5
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Tuoyire DA, Tampah-Naah AM. Association of breastfeeding duration with overweight and obesity among women in Ghana. Front Glob Womens Health 2024; 5:1251849. [PMID: 39351345 PMCID: PMC11439822 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2024.1251849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is a general concurrence on the health benefits that breastfeeding confers to children, including offering maximal protection against obesity across their life course. However, the scientific evidence on similar benefits for women who breastfeed their children remains inconclusive. This study contributes to the discourse by examining the association of breastfeeding duration with overweight and obesity among women in Ghana. Methods Data on 8,516 women of reproductive age were pooled from the last five (5) Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys, and analysed using descriptive proportions and logistic regression models. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity was about 8% lower for women who breastfed their children beyond 18 months (overweight = 13%, obesity = 5%) compared with women who did not breastfeed (overweight = 21%, obesity = 13%) their children at all. With reference to women who did not breastfeed their children, a significant lower odds of obesity was observed for those who breastfed their children for 13-18 months (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.268, 0.864) and >18 months (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.216, 0.764), after adjusting for possible confounding factors. Discussion Women who breastfeed their children for a minimum of 12 months have lower risk of developing obesity. Promoting prolonged breastfeeding among mothers could be an effective pathway to preventing obesity among women in Ghana.
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6
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Elliott HR, Bennett CL, Caramaschi D, English S. Negative association between higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and breastfeeding outcomes is not mediated by DNA methylation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14675. [PMID: 38918574 PMCID: PMC11199553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The benefits of breastfeeding for the health and wellbeing of both infants and mothers are well documented, yet global breastfeeding rates are low. One factor associated with low breast feeding is maternal body mass index (BMI), which is used as a measure of obesity. The negative relationship between maternal obesity and breastfeeding is likely caused by a variety of social, psychological, and physiological factors. Maternal obesity may also have a direct biological association with breastfeeding through changes in maternal DNA methylation. Here, we investigate this potential biological association using data from a UK-based cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We find that pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with lower initiation to breastfeed and shorter breastfeeding duration. We conduct epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of pre-pregnancy BMI and breastfeeding outcomes, and run candidate-gene analysis of methylation sites associated with BMI identified via previous meta-EWAS. We find that DNA methylation at cg11453712, annotated to PHTP1, is associated with pre-pregnancy BMI. From our results, neither this association nor those at candidate-gene sites are likely to mediate the link between pre-pregnancy BMI and breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Elliott
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Chloe L Bennett
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Doretta Caramaschi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sinead English
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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7
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Montana AV, Mildon A, Daniel AI, Pitino MA, Baxter JAB, Beggs MR, Unger SL, O'Connor DL, Walton K. Is Maternal Body Weight or Composition Associated with Onset of Lactogenesis II, Human Milk Production, or Infant Consumption of Mother's Own Milk? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100228. [PMID: 38609047 PMCID: PMC11163153 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal adiposity impacts lactation performance, but the pathways are unclear. We conducted a systematic review to understand whether maternal adiposity (body mass index [BMI] or percentage fat mass) is associated with onset of lactogenesis II (copious milk; hours), human milk production (expressed volume/24 h), and infant consumption of mother's own milk (volume/24 h). We used random-effects standard meta-analyses to compare the relative risk (RR) of delayed lactogenesis II (>72 h) between mothers classified as underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), healthy weight (BMI, 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), and overweight/obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) and random-effects meta-regressions to examine associations with hours to lactogenesis II and infant milk consumption. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. We included 122 articles. Mothers with underweight (RR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.83; I2 = 39.48%; 8 articles/data points) or healthy weight status (RR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.79; I2 = 70.91%; 15 articles/data points) were less likely to experience delayed lactogenesis II than mothers with overweight/obesity. We found no association between maternal BMI and time to onset of lactogenesis II (β: 1.45 h; 95% CI: -3.19, 6.09 h; P = 0.52, I2 = 0.00%; 8 articles, 17 data points). Due to limited data, we narratively reviewed articles examining BMI or percentage fat mass and milk production (n = 6); half reported an inverse association and half no association. We found no association between maternal BMI (β: 6.23 mL; 95% CI: -11.26, 23.72 mL; P = 0.48, I2 = 47.23%; 58 articles, 75 data points) or percentage fat mass (β: 7.82 mL; 95% CI: -1.66, 17.29 mL; P = 0.10, I2 = 28.55%; 30 articles, 41 data points) and infant milk consumption. The certainty of evidence for all outcomes was very low. In conclusion, mothers with overweight/obesity may be at risk of delayed lactogenesis II. The available data do not support an association with infant milk consumption, but the included studies do not adequately represent mothers with obesity. This study was registered in PROSPERO as 285344.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda V Montana
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto ON, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Alison Mildon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | | | - Michael A Pitino
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto ON, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Jo-Anna B Baxter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Megan R Beggs
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto ON, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Sharon L Unger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada; Paediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto ON, Canada; Division of Neonatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Deborah L O'Connor
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto ON, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada; Paediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn Walton
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto ON, Canada; Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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8
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Sivalogan K, Liang D, Accardi C, Diaz-Artiga A, Hu X, Mollinedo E, Ramakrishnan U, Teeny SN, Tran V, Clasen TF, Thompson LM, Sinharoy SS. Human Milk Composition Is Associated with Maternal Body Mass Index in a Cross-Sectional, Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of Human Milk from Guatemalan Mothers. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102144. [PMID: 38726027 PMCID: PMC11079463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal overweight and obesity has been associated with poor lactation performance including delayed lactogenesis and reduced duration. However, the effect on human milk composition is less well understood. Objectives We evaluated the relationship of maternal BMI on the human milk metabolome among Guatemalan mothers. Methods We used data from 75 Guatemalan mothers who participated in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network trial. Maternal BMI was measured between 9 and <20 weeks of gestation. Milk samples were collected at a single time point using aseptic collection from one breast at 6 mo postpartum and analyzed using high-resolution mass spectrometry. A cross-sectional untargeted high-resolution metabolomics analysis was performed by coupling hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and reverse phase C18 chromatography with mass spectrometry. Metabolic features associated with maternal BMI were determined by a metabolome-wide association study (MWAS), adjusting for baseline maternal age, education, and dietary diversity, and perturbations in metabolic pathways were identified by pathway enrichment analysis. Results The mean age of participants at baseline was 23.62 ± 3.81 y, and mean BMI was 24.27 ± 4.22 kg/m2. Of the total metabolic features detected by HILIC column (19,199 features) and by C18 column (11,594 features), BMI was associated with 1026 HILIC and 500 C18 features. Enriched pathways represented amino acid metabolism, galactose metabolism, and xenobiotic metabolic metabolism. However, no significant features were identified after adjusting for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate procedure (FDRBH < 0.2). Conclusions Findings from this untargeted MWAS indicate that maternal BMI is associated with metabolic perturbations of galactose metabolism, xenobiotic metabolism, and xenobiotic metabolism by cytochrome p450 and biosynthesis of amino acid pathways. Significant metabolic pathway alterations detected in human milk were associated with energy metabolism-related pathways including carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02944682.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasthuri Sivalogan
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Donghai Liang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Carolyn Accardi
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Anaite Diaz-Artiga
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Xin Hu
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Erick Mollinedo
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Sami Nadeem Teeny
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - ViLinh Tran
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Thomas F Clasen
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lisa M Thompson
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sheela S Sinharoy
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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9
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Siega-Riz AM, Faith M, Nicholson W, Stuebe A, Lipsky L, Nansel T. Anthropometric Changes During Pregnancy and Their Association with Adequacy of Gestational Weight Gain. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102051. [PMID: 38187988 PMCID: PMC10767142 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gestational weight gain (GWG) is an expected component of a healthy pregnancy. Gaining weight within the recommended range helps support the mother's health by providing energy reserves and nutrients to meet the increased metabolic demands during pregnancy. Too much or too little GWG has been associated with adverse health outcomes for the mother and child. Objective The objective of the study was to examine how changes in anthropometric indicators during pregnancy, including fat gain, vary, compare changes among body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) groups, and examine how the changes were associated with adequacy of GWG defined using the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. Methods Data came from a cohort of 360 pregnant women with measured anthropometric indicators (weight, midupper arm circumference, and skin folds of the triceps, thigh, and upper iliac) at <12-, 16 to 22-, and 28 to 32-wks of gestation. Fat gain was calculated using a formula. Analysis of variance was used to test for differences in anthropometric changes by BMI and adequacy of GWG in the third trimester. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine associations between changes in anthropometric indicators and GWG recommendations. Results Women with normal weight had greater increases in all anthropometric indicators, which differed from women with obesity, who had negative changes and gained less weight. Women who gained inadequately (21%) had negative changes that were all less, compared with women who gained adequately (46%) (except in upper iliac) or excessively (34%). Women with BMI of >25 who gained adequately also had negative changes. Logistic regression results indicated that changes in midupper arm circumference, triceps, and thigh skin folds, and fat gain were all inversely associated with inadequate GWG, whereas all indicators were positively associated with excessive GWG. Conclusions Anthropometric changes during pregnancy differ by BMI and are associated with adequacy of GWG. Women who gained adequately had minimal fat gain, lending support for current GWG guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Siega-Riz
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Myles Faith
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, University at Buffalo – The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Wanda Nicholson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Alison Stuebe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Department of Maternal and Child Health, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Leah Lipsky
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tonja Nansel
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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10
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Bonet ML, Ribot J, Picó C. Decoding the Mechanisms Behind Early Weaning-Driven Obesity and the Leucine "Solution". Diabetes 2023; 72:1347-1349. [PMID: 37729508 DOI: 10.2337/dbi23-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Bonet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Ribot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
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