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Dağcan Şahin N, Gürol Arslan G. Perspectives of patients, families and nurses on pain after cardiac surgery: A qualitative study. Nurs Crit Care 2024; 29:501-511. [PMID: 37970732 DOI: 10.1111/nicc.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-cardiac surgery pain affects patients, family caregivers and nurses. The pain experiences of patients, caregivers and nurses remain largely unknown. Therefore, it is important to examine the experiences of patients, caregivers and nurses in depth to ensure effective pain management. AIM The aim of this study is to examine post-cardiac surgery pain from the perspectives of patients, caregivers and nurses. STUDY DESIGN A descriptive qualitative research design was used. The study was carried out in the cardiovascular surgery ward of a tertiary hospital in Türkiye between June and December 2022. The data-driven triangulation method was used in the research. The study sample consisted of eight patients who had undergone cardiac surgery in the tertiary hospital, eight family caregivers and nine nurses who provided care for these individuals. A 'semi-structured interview form' was used to collect data through face-to-face and in-depth interviews. The data were analysed using the thematic analysis method. The COREQ checklist was used for reporting the study. RESULTS As a result of the interviews, six themes were elicited from the data. These themes were 'explaining pain', 'assessment of pain', 'responses to pain', 'effect of pain on activities of daily living', 'expectations in painful situations' and 'pain management'. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the differences between pain perceptions and coping processes of patients who experienced pain after cardiac surgery, their caregivers and nurses. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Considering the experiences of patients, caregivers and nurses in pain management after cardiac surgery, applications that will ensure joint participation in care practices should be planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necibe Dağcan Şahin
- Fundamentals of Nursing Department, The Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Gülşah Gürol Arslan
- Fundamentals of Nursing Department, Nursing Faculty, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Türkiye
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Nunes JC, Costa GPA, Weleff J, Rogan M, Compton P, De Aquino JP. Assessing pain in persons with opioid use disorder: Approaches, techniques and special considerations. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38556851 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.16055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain and opioid use disorder (OUD) are inextricably linked, as the former can be a risk factor for the development of the latter, and over a third of persons with OUD suffer concomitant chronic pain. Assessing pain among people with OUD is challenging, because ongoing opioid use brings changes in pain responses and most pain assessment tools have not been validated for this population. In this narrative review, we discuss the fundamentals of pain assessment for populations with OUD. First, we describe the biological, psychological and social aspects of the pain experience among people with OUD, as well as how opioid-related phenomena may contribute to the pain experience in this population. We then review methods to assess pain, including (1) traditional self-reported methods, such visual analogue scales and structured questionnaires; (2) behavioural observations and physiological indicators; (3) and laboratory-based approaches, such as quantitative sensory testing. These methods are considered from a perspective that encompasses both pain and OUD. Finally, we discuss strategies for improving pain assessment in persons with OUD and implications for future research, including educational strategies for multidisciplinary teams. We highlight the substantial gaps that persist in this literature, particularly regarding the applicability of current pain assessment methods to persons with OUD, as well as the generalizability of the existing results from adjacent populations on chronic opioid therapy but without OUD. As research linking pain and OUD evolves, considering the needs of diverse populations with complex psychosocial backgrounds, clinicians will be better equipped to reduce these gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gabriel P A Costa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jeremy Weleff
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael Rogan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Peggy Compton
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joao P De Aquino
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Gözen D, Erkut Z. The effect of guided imagery on procedural pain in children: a randomized controlled trial. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2023.2165492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Gözen
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Erkut
- Institute of Graduate Studies, Doctorate Program of Pediatric Nursing, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
- School of Nursing, Maltepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Johansson A, Svensson A, Wihlborg J. Pain management with methoxyflurane (Penthrox®) in Swedish ambulance care - An observational pilot study. Int Emerg Nurs 2021; 59:101076. [PMID: 34592606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2021.101076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In ambulance care, patients are often classified as high-risk, particularly when they are in immediate need of pain relief. It has been shown that, after ambulance nurses administer intravenous analgesic drugs, patients delivered to the emergency department tend to complain of moderate to severe pain. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to evaluate the overall patient-perceived pain during treatment with methoxyflurane (MTX) in an ambulance-care setting. We also explored potential demographic variations. METHODS This prospective observational study included 50 patients in need of ambulance care that perceived acute pain, defined as a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) value ≥4 (scale range: 1-10). We monitored the vital parameters of patients and MTX treatment characteristics, including the total number of inhaled MTX breaths and the average number of treatment sequences. RESULTS Among the 50 patients initially assessed, we excluded 8 patients (16%), due to MTX contraindications. We excluded 10 patients (24%), due to discontinued treatment. The remaining cohort (n = 32) that fulfilled the pain-relieving procedure, included equal numbers of men and women. The average time spent in ambulance care was 29 ± 15 min. The NRS scores for pain measured at the scene (median 8.0, interquartile range [IQR]: 7.25-10.0) were significantly higher than those measured at hospital admission (median 5.0, IQR: 4.0 7.0; p = .001). The median NRS scores measured at the hospital were different between sexes (men: 6.0, IQR: 5-7.25; women: 4.0, IQR: 3.76-6.0; p = .036). The average number of treatment sequences was 2. The overall average number of inhaled breaths was 17 ± 9. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that MTX provided clinically significant lower pain scores among patients in ambulance care without significant effects on vital parameters. However, the pharmacological characteristics of MTX appeared to affect the potential of achieving standardized treatment objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Johansson
- Office of Medical Services, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Jonas Wihlborg
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Sweden.
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Magnusson C, Carlström M, Lidman N, Herlitz J, Wennberg P, Axelsson C. Evaluation and treatment of pain in the pre-hospital setting. A comparison between patients with a hip injury, chest pain and abdominal pain. Int Emerg Nurs 2021; 56:100999. [PMID: 33765527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2021.100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large proportion of patients who call 112 in Sweden do so because of pain. The purpose of this study was to compare three of the most common types of pain presented by the patients: chest pain, abdominal pain and hip injury, in terms of initial assessment, intensity, treatment and effect of treatment. The overall rationale was to evaluate whether the early assessment and treatment of pain in the pre-hospital setting is optimal or whether there is room for improvement. METHODS Observational study during 2016 including 1234 patients triaged to chest pain, abdominal pain and hip injury by the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in Gothenburg, Sweden. RESULTS Severe pain on the arrival of the EMS was described by 39% of patients with a hip injury, 27% with abdominal pain and 15% with chest pain. Analgesics were given to 58% of patients with a hip injury, 35% with chest pain and 34% with abdominal pain. A lower intensity of pain at re-evaluation was observed in 80% of patients with a hip injury, 57% with chest pain and 43% with abdominal pain. Administration of analgesics increased with the duration of pre-hospital care time in all three groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients with a hip injury had the most severe pain and they received most pain-relieving medication. Overall, a relatively small proportion of patients with pain received pain-relieving medication and there appears to be an extensive room for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Magnusson
- Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Prehospen - Centre for Prehospital Research, University of Borås, Sweden; Department of Prehospital Emergency Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie Carlström
- Department of Prehospital Emergency Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Lidman
- Department of Prehospital Emergency Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Herlitz
- Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Prehospen - Centre for Prehospital Research, University of Borås, Sweden.
| | - Pär Wennberg
- Prehospen - Centre for Prehospital Research, University of Borås, Sweden; Research and Development Centre, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Christer Axelsson
- Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Prehospen - Centre for Prehospital Research, University of Borås, Sweden; Department of Prehospital Emergency Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Nicolò A, Massaroni C, Schena E, Sacchetti M. The Importance of Respiratory Rate Monitoring: From Healthcare to Sport and Exercise. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6396. [PMID: 33182463 PMCID: PMC7665156 DOI: 10.3390/s20216396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory rate is a fundamental vital sign that is sensitive to different pathological conditions (e.g., adverse cardiac events, pneumonia, and clinical deterioration) and stressors, including emotional stress, cognitive load, heat, cold, physical effort, and exercise-induced fatigue. The sensitivity of respiratory rate to these conditions is superior compared to that of most of the other vital signs, and the abundance of suitable technological solutions measuring respiratory rate has important implications for healthcare, occupational settings, and sport. However, respiratory rate is still too often not routinely monitored in these fields of use. This review presents a multidisciplinary approach to respiratory monitoring, with the aim to improve the development and efficacy of respiratory monitoring services. We have identified thirteen monitoring goals where the use of the respiratory rate is invaluable, and for each of them we have described suitable sensors and techniques to monitor respiratory rate in specific measurement scenarios. We have also provided a physiological rationale corroborating the importance of respiratory rate monitoring and an original multidisciplinary framework for the development of respiratory monitoring services. This review is expected to advance the field of respiratory monitoring and favor synergies between different disciplines to accomplish this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolò
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Massaroni
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Massimo Sacchetti
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy;
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Wennberg P, Möller M, Sarenmalm EK, Herlitz J. Evaluation of the intensity and management of pain before arrival in hospital among patients with suspected hip fractures. Int Emerg Nurs 2020; 49:100825. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2019.100825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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