Soluble cluster of differentiation 26/soluble dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and glypican-3 are promising serum biomarkers for the early detection of Hepatitis C virus related hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptians

Label-free determination of glypican-3 using PtPd@H-rGO nanocomposites decorated light-addressable potentiometric sensor

Glypican-3 (GPC3) is exclusively overexpressed in most Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue but not in normal liver tissue, making it a promising biomarker for the precise detection of HCC. In this paper, a label-free light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) decorated by platinumpalladium-hemin-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (PtPd@H-rGO NCs) was constructed for determination of GPC3. The GPC3 aptamer (GPC3Apt) and PtPd@H-rGO NCs were modified on the surface of silicon-based LAPS chip to build sensitive unit of LAPS system. A readout photocurrent elicited from a modulated light source, registers the localized surface potential change. When a bias voltage is provided to the LAPS system, the GPC3-GPC3Apt complexes formed by the specific reaction between GPC3 and GPC3Apt at the sensing interface can cause the sensitive membrane surface potential to change, resulting in the photocurrent-voltage (I-V) curves generate a corresponding offset response. Therefore GPC3 concentration can be determined by monitoring the potential shifts (△V). Under optimal conditions, the potential shift is linearly related to the concentration of GPC3 in the range of 0.001-3.00 μg/mL with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0001 μg/mL. The LAPS has a good analytical performance with good specificity, reproducibility and stability, and can be used for the detection of GPC3 in actual serum samples, which provides a broad application prospect for the combined application of LAPS and aptamers in biooassay.

DPP4, a potential tumor biomarker, and tumor therapeutic target: review

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a serine protease widely distributed in membrane-bound and soluble forms in various tissues and organs throughout the body. DPP4 plays a role in inflammation, immune regulation, cell growth, migration and differentiation. The role of DPP4 in tumors has garnered increasing attention. Previous research has demonstrated that DPP4 contributes to the promotion of cancer in most cancers, and it may play a specific biological function through the variation in tumor cell types and expression forms. However, the expression of DDP4 in different tumor types and its specific mechanism remains unclear. In this review, we describe the structure of DPP4, summarize the recent research progress of its expression and potential mechanisms in common tumors, and discuss the development prospects of DPP4 inhibitors in tumor therapy. Although current research emphasizes the potential of DPP4 as a drug target, the incomplete understanding of its regulatory mechanisms impedes the discovery and development of new therapies against it. Further research on DPP4-related tumors is anticipated to promote its clinical application as a potential therapeutic target.

Diagnostic accuracy and prognostic significance of Glypican-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose

Glypican-3 (GPC-3) expression is abnormal in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To explore whether GPC-3 has diagnostic accuracy and prognostic significance of HCC, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Method

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched with keywords “GPC-3” and “HCC” and their MeSH terms from inception to July 2022. We applied the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic model and evaluated the diagnostic value of GPC-3 alone and combination, and the correlation between high and low GPC-3 expression on clinicopathological features and survival data in prognosis.

Results

Forty-one original publications with 6,305 participants were included, with 25 of them providing data for diagnostic value and 18 records were eligible for providing prognostic value of GPC-3. GPC-3 alone got good diagnostic value in patients with HCC when compared with healthy control and moderate diagnostic value when compared with patients with cirrhosis. In addition, combination of GPC-3 + AFP and GPC-3 + GP73 got great diagnostic value in HCC versus cirrhosis groups; the combination of GPC-3 can also improve the diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers. Moreover, we discovered that overexpression of GPC-3 was more likely found in HBV infection, late tumor stage, and microvascular invasion groups and causes shorter overall survival and disease free survival, which means poor prognosis.

Conclusion

GCP-3 could be used as a biomarker in HCC diagnosis and prognosis, especially in evaluated diagnostic value in combination with AFP or GP73, and in forecasting worse survival data of overexpression GPC-3

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier [CRD42022351566].

Label-free electrochemical aptasensor based on reduced graphene oxide–hemin–chitosan nanocomposite for the determination of glypican-3

A GPC3 electrochemical aptasensor was constructed using an RGO–H–CS-modified SPE as a biosensing platform and GPC3 aptamer as the recognition element.